2 12 31 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/de93e854ea7590a407b74a10f04c3805.pdf 8661c4c4ba5fc80f75b798d3d145224f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (16).pdf PDF Text Text Ten members of the Mapuche Indian Nation were arrested in front of the government palace Thursday, Feb. 7, during an antigovernment protest against their anticipated expulsion from land they have lived on for years. The protest was organized by the National Council ofindigenous Peoples (CNPI) insupportofthe22Pehuenche(abranchofthe Mapuche)Indianfamilieswhofacetheexpulsionorder. A recent judgement determined that the territory, an agricultural zone south of the Chilean capital, belongs to a group of families called the 'the Gallatue Society.' CNPI protested the police "repressive measures," and demanded that the governmentgivea "justifiable explanation for this shameful action." While the police dispersed the crowd, several ministers and members of the Gallatue Society were negotiating a possible expropriation of the lands where the Pehuenche Indians live and work. "We view with profound disdain the fact that 500 years after Europe invaded our continent, we are still being robbed of our ancestral lands," said a statement read in front the National Palace. Representatives from Mapuche and Aymara oganizations, as well as other Indian groups, took part in the demonstration. They blame the slow resolution of the problem on the "inefficiency and lack of political willingnesson the part of the the negotiating commission" which is addressing the issue. A committee for the defense and solidarity oflndian tribes is proposing that Mapuche representatives negotiate alongside those who claim to be the rightful owners of the territory. Edgardo Boeninger, General Secretary to the President, has announced the government's offer to purchase the territory from the Gallatue Society for five million dollars. Although the territory is not "economically exploitable" explained Boeninger, "the offer is based on our desire to resolve this conflict to the satisfaction of the Indigenous community." 16 Faced with an eviction order from the Chilean Supreme Court, the 22 Pehuenche Indian families living in the Quinquen Valley are hoping for an agreement between the government and the landowners which will allow them to stay on their ancestral lands. Officials are trying to beat the March 2 deadline set by the Supreme Court for the eviction of the Pehuenche from the 333,450 acres of the Cordillera Valley located some 385 miles south of Santiago. The Pehuenche Indians say they have occupied the lands, rich with forests of araucaria pine trees called "pehuen" in their language, since time immemorial. The Pehuenche got their name from thetreeswhicharealsotheirsourceofincome. The Galletue firm, which got its name from a river that flows in the area, claims it owns the valley and brags of land titles to prove it. Galletue, which obtained the eviction order from the Supreme Court, has refused the government's offer to buy the lands for five million dollars. The bi-monthly magazine PaginaAbierta has accused Galletue owners, Gonzalo Lledo, Miguel Lamoliatte and Mauricio Mettas of trying to profit from the negotiations. The government of President Patricio Aylwin wants to tum the Quinquen Valley, whose name means 'place of refuge' in the Pehuenche language, into a national park and reserve. In the early 1970s, the socialist government of Salvador Allende set up an agrarian reform program which expropriated the Quinquen lands from Galletue and recognized the Pehuenches' right to the land. But the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship gave back the lands to the firm in 1974, and later authorized it to exploit the araucaria forests. Last year, the Aylwin government declared the araucaria tree a national monument and once more prohibited its exploitation all over Chile. As a result of this decision, the state gave Galluete six-million dollars in compensation and paid the firm another fivemillion to conserve the forests as a national patrimony. But Galletue is asking tenmillion dollars for the lands, a sum considered "excessive" by the government and "immoral" by the Pehuenche, politicians and ecologists. Government experts say a police eviction of the Pehuenche would elicit criticisms locally and abroad, particularly in consideration of the upcoming quincentennial. Local Indigenous groups waiting for the government's decision describe the case as the "robbing of their ancestral lands which began five hundred years ago." Should Galletue and the government fail to reach an agreement, Aylwin, backed by the ten parties of the ruling democratic coalition, will have to urge congress to pass the bill expropriating Quinquen. Jorge Arrate, acting president for the Chilean Socialist Party which is the second strongest group in the coalition, has accused the government of acting with timidity on the case. Fernando Quilaleo, President of Ad-Mapu (the national Mapuche organization) has called on the government to solve the case this year. "But Quinquen is only one of Chile's problems. Between the Chilean state and the Pehuenche Indians, there are a thousand more Quinquens," Quilaleo said. SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pehuenche Lands Still Not Secured: Chilean Government Faces "1000 More Quinquens" (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Pehuenche Lands Still Not Secured: Chilean Government Faces "1000 More Quinquens" (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (16).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/73f1365cb9ef2a16f3347267e13122ee.pdf 7528ba0853b354de5fb530db93cb8056 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf PDF Text Text Chile I The Mapuche Nation of Chile has launched a campaign to draw international attention to the plight of over one million Indians threatened with forced eviction from their ancestrnlland. "What we are asking is that the Chilean authorities leave our people alone," Reynaldo Mariqueo of the Mapuche Committee in Europe said. This message was also communicated to Chilean AmbassadorGermanRiesco Zafiartu in a letter addressed to Chilean President Patricio Aylwin. The Committee, representing the Mapuche-Pehuenche, said they launched the campaign to confront the "unofficial state of siege" declared recently in Indian territory in Chile. Mariqueo said: ''The government has sent in a police contingent of approximately 400 men, military vehicles, police vans, mounted police and helicopters, and (taken) other measures to prevent a possible uprising in the Andes mountains and take the land." Thecommunity,situatedin theQuinquen district of Cautfn province, survived mainly on the pehuen tree, harvesting the pine nuts for food and selling or exchanging the surplus for other essential goods. But the Indians were unaware that as far back as 1918 their land had been sold by the Chilean state to privateOWI!ElS (rm-~)who then resold it for a profit In 1987, Pinochet's government issued a decree that allowed timber industries to override an earlierforestprotectionlaw. When thepresentgovernmentcametopower,another law was passed to protect the forests, which meant the owners now wished to sell the land that they could no longer exploit But in June 1990, the land owners filed a case at the supreme court asking the Indians to leave to facilitate the selling of the land. "The present situation is desperate. Until now the strength of opposition from Mapuche organisations has delayed the eviction proVol 6 Num 3 press for autonomy and self-determination for cess," Mariqueo said: our people." Orders to proceed with the operation, he Source: International Press Service said, have now been given and will be carried out by Gen. Osvaldo Munoz Sanhueza, who was active in the Pinochet dictatorship. The objective, Mariqueo said, is to transfer the people together with their personal belongThe people living in the tip of ings and animals to a designated area away from the community, while their homes will be destroyed. Mariqueo quoted Sanhueza as saying that military units from three provinces had been mobilized, and a base camp had been set up to supervise the takeover and provide logistic support The Mapuches, living in the Andes mountains,are the original inhabitants of what is now Argentina and Chile. During the Spanish conquest, the Mapuches signed a treaty to defme the borders of their territory, which was honored by Spain. The treaty was also acknowledged by Argentina and Chile when they gained independence. They signed several more agreements with theMapuches but which they later broke. "Our major objective is to continue with the campaign until justice is served toourpeople,'' Mariqueo said. "if we don't campaign, the atrocities will continue. Our ultimate aim is to Tierra del Fuego are living under the ozone hole, which scientists have recenrly found to be growing much faster than anticipated. It is now four times larger than the United States and from late August until early December is direcrly over the high mountain homeland of the Mapuche. Walter Ulloo, a 28-year-old farmhand found that his arms burned "like boiling water" and his eyes became swollen, irritated and clouded over after working high mountain pastures. His left eye is now completely blind. After examining him, Chilean doctors said that he was probably exposed to excessive uhraviolet-B radiation. They prescribed UV-resistant sunglasses, which Ulloa can't afford. Chilean scientists estimate that levels of the carcinogenic ultravioletB radiation jumped more than 1,000 percent in Punta Arenas, the largest town located under the ozone hole. Huge increases in skin cancer, and sheep, fish and rabbit blindness are being reported in the area. Despite this starriing evidence, there is very little research being done in the area. The Universily of Chile was unable to raise the $11,000 for a spectral radiometer to measure radiation levels and because ohhis a planned three-year study fell through. t.....---------------...11 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche: Protest Forced Eviction (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Mapuche: Protest Forced Eviction (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5a37ab14458dde5967625de4b7727080.pdf 7528ba0853b354de5fb530db93cb8056 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf PDF Text Text Chile I The Mapuche Nation of Chile has launched a campaign to draw international attention to the plight of over one million Indians threatened with forced eviction from their ancestrnlland. "What we are asking is that the Chilean authorities leave our people alone," Reynaldo Mariqueo of the Mapuche Committee in Europe said. This message was also communicated to Chilean AmbassadorGermanRiesco Zafiartu in a letter addressed to Chilean President Patricio Aylwin. The Committee, representing the Mapuche-Pehuenche, said they launched the campaign to confront the "unofficial state of siege" declared recently in Indian territory in Chile. Mariqueo said: ''The government has sent in a police contingent of approximately 400 men, military vehicles, police vans, mounted police and helicopters, and (taken) other measures to prevent a possible uprising in the Andes mountains and take the land." Thecommunity,situatedin theQuinquen district of Cautfn province, survived mainly on the pehuen tree, harvesting the pine nuts for food and selling or exchanging the surplus for other essential goods. But the Indians were unaware that as far back as 1918 their land had been sold by the Chilean state to privateOWI!ElS (rm-~)who then resold it for a profit In 1987, Pinochet's government issued a decree that allowed timber industries to override an earlierforestprotectionlaw. When thepresentgovernmentcametopower,another law was passed to protect the forests, which meant the owners now wished to sell the land that they could no longer exploit But in June 1990, the land owners filed a case at the supreme court asking the Indians to leave to facilitate the selling of the land. "The present situation is desperate. Until now the strength of opposition from Mapuche organisations has delayed the eviction proVol 6 Num 3 press for autonomy and self-determination for cess," Mariqueo said: our people." Orders to proceed with the operation, he Source: International Press Service said, have now been given and will be carried out by Gen. Osvaldo Munoz Sanhueza, who was active in the Pinochet dictatorship. The objective, Mariqueo said, is to transfer the people together with their personal belongThe people living in the tip of ings and animals to a designated area away from the community, while their homes will be destroyed. Mariqueo quoted Sanhueza as saying that military units from three provinces had been mobilized, and a base camp had been set up to supervise the takeover and provide logistic support The Mapuches, living in the Andes mountains,are the original inhabitants of what is now Argentina and Chile. During the Spanish conquest, the Mapuches signed a treaty to defme the borders of their territory, which was honored by Spain. The treaty was also acknowledged by Argentina and Chile when they gained independence. They signed several more agreements with theMapuches but which they later broke. "Our major objective is to continue with the campaign until justice is served toourpeople,'' Mariqueo said. "if we don't campaign, the atrocities will continue. Our ultimate aim is to Tierra del Fuego are living under the ozone hole, which scientists have recenrly found to be growing much faster than anticipated. It is now four times larger than the United States and from late August until early December is direcrly over the high mountain homeland of the Mapuche. Walter Ulloo, a 28-year-old farmhand found that his arms burned "like boiling water" and his eyes became swollen, irritated and clouded over after working high mountain pastures. His left eye is now completely blind. After examining him, Chilean doctors said that he was probably exposed to excessive uhraviolet-B radiation. They prescribed UV-resistant sunglasses, which Ulloa can't afford. Chilean scientists estimate that levels of the carcinogenic ultravioletB radiation jumped more than 1,000 percent in Punta Arenas, the largest town located under the ozone hole. Huge increases in skin cancer, and sheep, fish and rabbit blindness are being reported in the area. Despite this starriing evidence, there is very little research being done in the area. The Universily of Chile was unable to raise the $11,000 for a spectral radiometer to measure radiation levels and because ohhis a planned three-year study fell through. t.....---------------...11 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuches Living Under the Ozone Hole (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Mapuches Living Under the Ozone Hole (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/d9b303caf3a0084f54645e4c5781b2bb.pdf a596ce0fa95529966f4e4c3998f4a712 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (18).pdf PDF Text Text 5 1a D~ODD~~ ~~OD cS~~CP[]:0 ~rn~ovrnm.0 ~rnrnu "Nearly 150 Indian leaders from the La Paz provinces came together in a planning and consciousness-raising meeting to consolidate the Assembly ofNationalities," reported Zenobio Quispe, permanent secretary of the Federation of Campesino Worlcers of La Paz (Tupaj Katari). During the event, campesinos of La Paz, struggling for unity, reiterated the need to establish their own political party and assembly of nationalities, and determined thatthelndirufeonfederationshould be formed, under its own laws, and its own political constitution "until Aymara, Quechua, Guaranies and other nationalities assume power." The participants reject the celebration of the quincentennial because Oct. 12 is a dateofpain and mourning forcampesinos and Indians of the continent. For this reason, they will demonstrate with a reaffirmation of their cultural identities and 18 ~ against ethnocide, genocide, and the destruction of cultural values. Ideological Unity The participants will ask professionals committed to the cause of Native peoples for their support in creating documents and school texts, both historical and othexwise, which will encourage Native cultural values. "This first meeting has been positive, because with the initiativeofthecampesino and Indian authorities, we have accepted the responsibility of strengthening our organizations," said the Director of Tupaj Katari attheconclusionofthemeeting. He indicates that the most important step is to organize because the Indian, campesino, worker, and popularmovementshave been weakened in the current political climate. "In spite of the adverse situation, campesinos and Indians have accepted the great challenge of establishing the assem- ~CQ) ~~ CP~~ bly ofnationalities and a political party, to provideanaltemativeforthemarginalized and oppressed sectors of Bolivia." Seventh Congress The seventh congress of the Federation of Campesino Workers of La Paz (fupaj Katari) will be held Dec. 20-22. At this event the Federation will discuss the situation of the campesinos, who categorically reject property taxes and demand that the government fulfill the numerous obligations it has made to agricultural workers. The Federation of Campesinos of La Paz, which seems to be consolidating itself after several actions which were interrupted by official militants, "has decided to fmm anew pluralist executive committee, but only with leaders who fight for the people and not with those who have sold out to the oligarchy's parties." Source: Semanario Aqui [Chuquiyawu, Bolivia] SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource In Search of Unity: Indian and Campesino Leaders Meet in La Paz (Bolivia) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title In Search of Unity: Indian and Campesino Leaders Meet in La Paz (Bolivia) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (18).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/917449888192bfd0efa85fff59d23ce5.pdf 3ca96a718a9727f27715f96679c1fc20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (19).pdf PDF Text Text In one blow the drought and freeze of 1978 destroyed thefurureofNiooJasMullisaca, who as the eldest child would have been responsible for his parents' land. Like many other children ofcarnpesinos, he was forced to leave for La Paz in search of work. "It was not a happy day, but it was the only choice because there was nothing to eat For a carnpesino, leaving the land that our ancestors have farmed for generations is always a very sad thing." NicoJas Mullisaca, and later his five brothers, started out as casual laborers in the city of La Paz. He became a mason and has worked in this profession ever since, except for two years when he went looking for gold fora company in Tipuani where he nearly died of tuberculosis. For one year now he has worked as a mason for a construction company with about 30employees. Itis hard work, with a timecard to punch and pay docked for arriving even a little late. He travels an hour from the worksite in the center of the city to his home with his wife and eight children in the barrio of Pasankeri. Pasankeri is located high above La Paz and is one of the final rungs in the ladder of suburbs which climb up out of the city. It is the last barrio before arriving at Ciudad Sarelite at the very peak in El Alto. Their pig stays in the lower part of their yard. Above, there is a little patio that his wife Ceferina uses to wash clothes and prepare the Vol 6 Num 3 food,andwherethekidsandthedogplay.The adobe house has two rooms, and alongside the bed stands a sewing machine that the tWo parents use. Spanish and Aymara are spoken in the Mullisaca family household, Spanish because it is more practical in the city, and Aymara so the children don't lose their culture. "I dream of opening a tailorshop in Pasankeri. For a year and a half I've attended a sewing course at night here in my barrio and soon I'll be done," says don Nicolas. His wife has attended a course in weaving and is hoping to get a loom. But with ten stomachs to fill, they live hand to mouth and it's practically impossible to pull together the necessary capital to start their own business or save the 150 bolivianos that a loom costs. "I will probably be a mason for many years to come, and knowing this, I take on as much responsibility as the others in working to form a union to ask for better wages." At one time he was a campesino leader in his village. Many migrant families suffer from the harsh conditions of the city, and from not even knowing their neighbors and have to face frequent periods of unemployment "We worry about the children and fear that they willfallin with delinquents or drugs," explains Ceferina Mullisaca. "In the countryside, life is far more peaceful and safe." "Sometimes mestizos and white people ride by in mini-vans and humiliate us for being Aymara. They harass us as we carry our loads and accuse us of being dirty." In the city, access to medical attention and education is easier. Yet without money, life in the city is impossible, while in most cases, people in the countryside can live from what the land yields. "Work in the city is boring and makes us feel like slaves. For a campesino, work is also hard but at least you feel free, and the work is interesting," said Nicolas Mullisaca. His parents still live in the countryside and he and his family return during planting and harvesting to San Andres Machaca, a village located in the province ofingari, three hours to the west of La Paz, near the Peruvian border. For NicoJas and Ceferina, going to the country is like returning home, while their children treat these visits as outings. "I am not ashamed of my roots as an Aymara and a campesino. I am proud of our culture. When my children grow up, I hope to go back and live in my village." "But to make this happen, we will need economic help for digging wells and better tools to work the land We're never going to get these with governments run by the rich who could care less about the problems and needs of poor campesinos," said Nicolas. He adds that "so long as neoliberal policies hold sway, migration from the country to the city is sure to continue." Source: Aquf, [Chuquiyawu, Bolivia] 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Drought: Aymara Campesinos Forced to Migrate to the Cities (Bolivia) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Drought: Aymara Campesinos Forced to Migrate to the Cities (Bolivia) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (19).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/17bf27e435a45c97cf759a7cd049e42a.pdf 83adf2fd52026d82c7e3171181e82040 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (20-21).pdf PDF Text Text INDIGENOUS EOPL. MBIA ELP RAFT THE CONSTITUTION ~·~~~~~~-·~···~······· 0 ® <It <It @ @ @I <It @ @ €II €II • • Ill • • <II e <II The following infonnation was given to SAIIC by Alfonso Pahnas,Presidentofthe National Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Colombia (ONIC), while visiting in February 1992. •e o e e 20 111 • e e e e e e e e e e e e o e e At the demand of students, activists and the genernl population, the Colombian * government was obliged to call for elections to a National Constitutional Assembly * (NCA) on Dec. 9, 1991. Aside from a few minor reforms introduced by Colombia's two e * political parties, the liberals and the conservatives, the Colombian Constitution bad not Ill o been modified since 1886. Indigenous people bad never participated in constitutional : reforms, but this time the indigenous movement introduced two candidates, Francisco @I Rojas Birry of ONIC and Lorenzo Muelas of the Indigenous Authority of Colombia : (AICO). The indigenous candidates were elected despite lack ofexperience and funds and • the fact that a large portion of the indigenous population was not registered to vote and <II 111 did not even have the official identification required to register. The indigenous 111 movement was concerned with natural resources and regional development, and wanted e to change the constitution to declare Colombia a multiculturnl country. But they also • stressed the more general issues of democratic participation, human rights and resolution <II e of regional conflicts, and the candidates were elected with a large percentage ofnon- • SAl Newsletter j �Indian 'I'OteS. Once in the assembly they had to broaden their proposals to benefit'not only indigenous peoples but also the general population of Cololl)bia, especially those who like the indigenous peoples, live under oppression, discrimination, exploitation and misery and who struggle to build a better society. The indigenous movement achieved the following points in the new constitution: I. Right to Culture: Colombia is recognized as a multi-ethnic and pluri-cultural country. The great diversity and coexistence of cultural identities made up of values, customs, community practices, rites, religions and languages which differentiate one group from another are recognized. II. The languages of indigenous peoples will be official languages in their respective territories; and education will be bilingual and bi-cultural in those territories. III. Dual nationality is recognized for the indigenous groups who live on the borders With other countries, such as Brazil, Venezuela, Panama, and Ecuador. IV .Indigenous reservations are recognized as territories of collective ownership which cannot be sold, rented, or owned by other peoples because they are the communal property ofindigenous communities. These territories will be administrated together with the state. Indigenous Councils will be formed and a governor will be named for each department according to the practices and traditions of the indigenous communities. These councils can develop and design plans and programs for economic and social development; in addition they will watch over the conservation of natural resources, promote public investment and coordinate programs together with the community. V. Jurisdiction: In the indigenous communities there exists customary law which dictates how the members of the community act and how they are punished. This law is recognized but it varies greatly between communities and will be coordinated with the judicial system of the country. Nevertheless it will be indigenous peoples' authorities themselves who will judge and sanction penalties in indigenous communities, in accordance with their practices and traditions. VI.Permanent participation of two indigenous peoples in the Senate of the Republic, which is formed by 100 members, is guaranteed. Despite these gains the new constitution was a mixed victory. There was no change in the structure of the armed forces which have committed many human rights abuses against Indians. The constitution mentions indigenous communities and reservations but does not give Indians rights to their traditional territories. The government also retains subsoil rights. In December 1991 three indigenous people were elected to the Senate: Gabriel Muyay of ONIC, Anatolio Quira of the Indigenous Social Alliance (ASI), and Floro A Tufiu Gala of AICO. They face a great challenge because the Senate is dominated by the traditional parties, and groups working for change have less influence than they 6 Num 3 did in theNCA. The indigenous movement will have to mobilize the communities and get them involved in the law making process. They will also have to look for national and international solidarity to support their proposals in the Senate and they will have to fight to make sure the new laws protecting indigenous rights are enforced. It is clear to us that laws alone will not solve our problems. In fact we recognize that we need organization, autonomy, decision making power, permanent community work and active participation. In addition we acknowledge the need for changes within the political, economic, cultural, territorial structure of the Colombian state, changes which correspond to who we are as true Colombians and not to models which do not fit our needs. In conclusion, there were already laws in Colombia which protected indigenous peoples, but they were neither enforced nor respected. Even though the killings, massacres and persecution of our leaders continue, we will continue struggling to strengthen our unity, to attain autonomy, to preserve our culture and to promote and protect our right to work for change so that we can live in a just society with opportunity and dignity for all. 21 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Constitution For a Multicultural Country: Indigenous Peoples in Colombia Help Draft the Constitution (Colombia) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title A Constitution For a Multicultural Country: Indigenous Peoples in Colombia Help Draft the Constitution (Colombia) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (20-21).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/e9fcae36c7aec70720307ce1b02928f0.pdf c4d2c9a9e5b45ce6032376fcf8307a54 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (22-24).pdf PDF Text Text Representatives at the meeting for the foundation of ONIC in Panama THE RDINATIN I In December 1991 the main Indian organizations from South, Central and North America met in Panama to discuss the future of the inter-relationship between the Indian People of the Continent, and to define the politics and way of communication with nonIndian people due to the failure of building alliances with some of the grass-roots organizations, especially with the groups that are directing the "Continental Campaign 500 Years of Resistance of the Indigenous, Black and Popular Movement" Some of the resolutions of the meeting are the following: There is an urgent need to unify the Indigenous Peoples (Original Nations) of the continent We want to re-establish and utilize the historical links that were disrupted by the invading colonizers. In this way, together, we are planning the reconstruction of our communities. On the occasion of the SOOth anniversary of the European invasion, we reaffmn our BO NS OF INDIGEN US I historical commitment to unity and to the development of a plan to mobilize for 500 YearsofindianResistance andStruggleagainst colonialism. We are declaring to the world that, despite more than five centuries of genocide, more than 40 million Indigenous Peoples from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego continue to live and plan for our future. We maintain a firm position against all forms of colonialism, neocolonialism, and internal and external racism. We reject all kinds of manipulation and ideological or political imposition, because we, as peoples, have our own ideology. We support alliances with other popular sectors in order to change the conditions of injustice in which oppressed peoples of the world find themselves today. Hence, we have decided the following: 1. To form an Indigenous commission committed to organize a meeting of Indigenous Peoples, the establishment of a continental coordinating body of indigenous organizations and peoples. This continental coordinating body will consist of representatives of all Indigenous Peoples, Original Nations, of Abya-Yala (Land of Life, the American continent in the Kuna language). 2. To carry out a coordinated plan of action for 500 Years of Indian Resistance and Struggle against colonialism. 3. To organize workshops and continental gatherings in order to make known the Indian position regarding the 500 years, with the goal of attaining a definitive unity at the continental level. We reject the celebrations of the socalled "Quincentennial of the Discovery of America," "Encounter of Two Worlds," and the "Quincentennial of Evangelization." We are promoting actions at the regional, national and continental levels which respond to the fundamental interests of our peoples and honor our ancestors who gave their lives defending the dignity of our peoples. In the same spirit, we will continue to confront oppressive forces, such as military invasion and repression, and exploitation of our territories by transnational corporations. Newsletter I �We reaffirm our commitment to a continental Indigenous alliance, and to reciprocal support in our struggles for rights and self-determination, traditional ways of life, religion, culture, and the protection of our Mother Earth with all her resources. Finally, we call on all nations, organizations, and Indian communities of the continent, even the most isolated ones, to unite in this great effort for action and continental coordination, on the path towards the liberation of our peoples. Signed on the Dec. 21, 1991, in Kuna Yala, Panama Indigenous Peoples Alliance Founded in North America Representatives at the for the foundation of ONiC in Panama THE COORDINATING B DY F INDIGE I In December 1991 the main Indian organizations from South, Central and North America met in Panama to discuss the future of the inter-relationship between the Indian People of the Continent, and to define the politics and way of communication with nonIndian people due to the failure of building alliances with some of the grass-roots organizations, especially with the groups that are directing the "Continental Campaign 500 Years of Resistance of the Indigenous, Black and Popular Movement." Some of the resolutions of the meeting are the following: There is an urgent need to unify the Indigenous Peoples (Original Nations) of the continent. We want to re-establish and utilize the historical links that were disrupted by the invading colonizers. In this way, together, we are planning the reconstruction of our communities. On the occasion of the SOOth anniversary of the European invasion, we reaffirm our us historical commitment to unity and to the development of a plan to mobilize for 500 Years ofindianResistanceandStruggleagainst colonialism. We are declaring to the world that, despite more than five centuries of genocide, more than 40 million Indigenous Peoples from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego continue to live and plan for our future. We maintain a firm position against all forms of colonialism, neocolonialism, and internal and external racism. We reject all kinds of manipulation and ideological or political imposition, because we, as peoples, have our own ideology. We support alliances with other popular sectors in order to change the conditions of injustice in which oppressed peoples of the world find themselves today. Hence, we have decided the following: 1. To form an Indigenous commission committed to organize a meeting of Indigenous Peoples, the establishment of a continental coordinating body of indigenous organizations and peoples. This continental coordinating body will consist of representatives NS of all Indigenous Peoples, Original Nations, of Abya-Yala (Land of Life, the American continent in the Kuna language). 2. To carry out a coordinated plan of action for 500 Years of Indian Resistance and Struggle against colonialism. 3. To organize workshops and continental gatherings in order to make known the Indian position regarding the 500 years, with the goal of attaining a definitive unity at the continental level. We reject the celebrations of the socalled "Quincentennial of the Discovery of America," "Encounter of Two Worlds," and the "Quincentennial of Evangelization." We are promoting actions at the regional, national and continental levels which respond to the fundamental interests of our peoples and honor our ancestors who gave their lives defending the dignity of our peoples. In the same spirit, we will continue to confront oppressive forces, such as military invasion and repression, and exploitation of our territories by transnational corporations. Newsletter In Jan. 10-12, 1992, the National IndigenousForum, the Indigenous Peoples Alliance of North America was founded. The meeting took place in Alburquerque, NM and was hosted by the Tonantzin Land Institute. The participants came from the different Indian communities of Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, California, Idaho, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and South Dakota, and Alaska. The decisions that came out of the conference represent a consensus by all participants. Some of the of the main resolutions of this conference are the following: • It was decided to create an alliance called the Indigenous Peoples Alliance. This alliance is open to all Indigenous Nations and organization who are interested in building a long term alliance oflndigenous People who emphasize grassroots community involvement in issues affecting Indigenous communities. .. The Indigenous Peoples Alliance would endorse the Continental Indigenous Coordinating Commission's resolution that was written in Kuna Yala, Panama. .. Tonantzin Land Institute was given the responsibility for sending out all communications being produced and /or being sent by the Indigenous Peoples alliance. "TheindigenousPeoples Alliance should implement regional meetings that would focus on education and training. It was decided that the first regional meeting would take place in conjunction with the Indigenous En- Vol 6 Num 3 vironmental Network conference in the Columbia River area. It was decided that the focus of the regional meeting would be on sovereignty. .. Our logo consists of a turtle (to represent Turtle Island), with the continental campaign logo of the Eagle and the Condor located inside the turtle and the North, Central and South American continent in the Center. Second CONIC Meeting York New We understand ONIC to be a communication instrument for the Indigenous Peoples of the Continent and not a representative organization. Our objectives are the following: 1. To seek Indigenous unity on a continental level, recognizing that we have a 5:::! common past and present, and ~ that we have decided to work o together beyond the years 0 .c 1992, respecting the situation Q, and strategies which each Indigenous Nation may adopt to reach their liberation and self-determination. 2. To develop a continental communication network which would directly involve the grass-roots communities in order to strengthen our ties and make known the critical situation in which we the native Peoples liv/. and seek solutions for our future. 3. To promote a process leading to dialogue and consensus based on our spiritual values, life styles and millennia! knowledge. 4. To form a common alliance to reconstruct our Nations which were dispersed by colonization and to fight to curb the destruction of our Mother Earth and her harmony. The Second Meeting of the Coordinating Body of Indigenous Organizations and Nations of the Continent, CONIC, took place in New York City from March 4-7, 1992. The meetingwashostedby the Native Council of New York and organized by Tonantzin Land Institute andSAIIC. Delegates representing Indian organizations and nations of the continent from 17 countries participated in the Meeting. ""'""'i::'""''"' l<u,ina, Panama; Maya, Guatemala; Following are some '"'"'"""•'""'• Chile; and Nahuath, El Salvador of the resolutions that came out of the meeting in New York: The Continental Coordinating Body has Solidarity Organizations: arisen due to the need to consolidate the bonds Solidarity organizations and institutions of union and communications between orga- may participate in meetings specifically organizations and nations native to this continent, nized to exchange information coordinate which include, the Southern Cone and the activities, or promote dialogue with members Caribbean. of the Coordinating body. These general prin- 23 �ciples and guidelines will continue to be discussed within each organization and in the Regional Workshops. This CO<?rdinating Body calls upon all the progressive, honest and committed to join against thecontta-celebration of the colonialist plans. In the same form, we call upon the popular sectors and the racially discriminated to form an alliance to struggle against the oppression, respecting, among ourselves our diversity. In 1986, the Indigenous Movement initiated a campaign to disseminate information about the state of oppression underwhichour peoples live. The movement has taken the opportunity of t h e Quincenteruny as a way to let El Salvador I I OnThursday,Feb. 27; 1500policeraided the Corte Azul Cooperative, arresting 60 Indian men, women and children and destroying crops and supplies. The community members had peacefully occupied the unused government land to plant their crops. The police arrived at 7 am accompanied by three representatives of the United Nations Observation Team, reporters from a local television station and a group of local landowners. The police ordered the 250 workers from the Indian community of Costa Azul to leave their fields immediately, and when asked for a warrant ordering the displacement, they replied that they did not have one, but President Cristiani had instructed them to proceed as quickly as possible. The workers responded that their crops were already planted and that they could not leave them unattended. 24 the world know about the situation of repression under which Indigenous Peoples live; and to show our rejection of the celebration of the so called "V Quincentenary of the Discovery of America or the Encounter of the Two Worlds," led by the Spanish government and the Vatican and supported by the governments of the colonial states of the continent. Among the initiatives ofthe native peoples of ABYA YALA have been to invite the different sectors of the society to organize a common front, based in mutual respect of the differences and characteristics among sectors. This indigenous proposal has been distorted, and usurped by sectors which have always carried out discriminatory practices. Their policy has failed in our region and in other parts of the world, because their project are far from the reality of Native Peoples, because they tried to impose a system of a homogenous society which is based in centralized and bureaucratic power which ignores the right of Indigenous Peoples to Selfdetermination. In conclusion, the Indigenous, Black and Popular Sector Campaign, does not respond to the demands of Native Peoples of the continent. In addition, the form in which it is structured does not guarantee that Indigenous proposals will be respected in the future, nor does it allow for an honest alliance based on the right of each people to decide their own destiny, no matter how small the group is. Therefore, this Coordinating Body calls upon all the progressive, honest and committed people to join us in the struggle of the I At 2:15 p.m., in the presence of the ONUSAL officials, along with a captain, a second lieutenant, and the director of the National Police of Sonsonate, the police proceeded to intimidate the Indians with their weapons and then arrest 60 Indigenous workers and physically remove them to a nearby command station. The Indians were then taken to the nearby haciendaofDr. Guillermo Garcia Guerra, where the police officers were received with a special luncheon. During this time, the arrested men, women and children were made to stand and listen to the police say things like, "We should just machine gun these sons of bitches down to solve our problems." Hours later, they were transported to the Sonsonate police station and imprisoned andnotallowedtospeakwithfamilymembers or lawyers until Saturday, Feb. 29, when they oppressed peoples, to join in contra-celebration of the colonialist plans. In the same form, we call upon the popular sectors and the racially discriminated to form an alliance to struggle against oppression, respecting among ourselves our diversity. Given in New York (Indigenous Land occupied by the United States), 515/92. I were released. The following local landowners were with the arresting police officers: Andres Garcia Corona, Rafael Flores, Elsa Gutierrez Candel, Julia Leiva, Juan Martinez, and the three brothers, Carlos Chacon Moreno, Armando Candel Calderon, and Guillermo Garcia Guerra The Corte Azul and nearby Monzon cooperative members have received numerous threats in the past from these men, especially the three brothers, who flaunt their close ties to President Alfredo Cristiani. The crops, hammocks, blankets, beans, com,crates,clay fryingpansandcomales, and a food storage hut were destroyed in the raid. Source: ANIS (National Association of Indigenous Peoples of El Salvador) SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Coordinating Body of Indigenous Organizations and Nations of the Continent (Panama) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title The Coordinating Body of Indigenous Organizations and Nations of the Continent (Panama) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (22-24).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/9dc8612ba6ee1273be5f7abf8171702f.pdf ba47af7ab58dcddc0d5a3dab5b315b94 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (24).pdf PDF Text Text ciples and guidelines will continue to be discussed within each organization and in the Regional Workshops. This CO<?rdinating Body calls upon all the progressive, honest and committed to join against thecontta-celebration of the colonialist plans. In the same form, we call upon the popular sectors and the racially discriminated to form an alliance to struggle against the oppression, respecting, among ourselves our diversity. In 1986, the Indigenous Movement initiated a campaign to disseminate information about the state of oppression underwhichour peoples live. The movement has taken the opportunity of t h e Quincenteruny as a way to let El Salvador I I OnThursday,Feb. 27; 1500policeraided the Corte Azul Cooperative, arresting 60 Indian men, women and children and destroying crops and supplies. The community members had peacefully occupied the unused government land to plant their crops. The police arrived at 7 am accompanied by three representatives of the United Nations Observation Team, reporters from a local television station and a group of local landowners. The police ordered the 250 workers from the Indian community of Costa Azul to leave their fields immediately, and when asked for a warrant ordering the displacement, they replied that they did not have one, but President Cristiani had instructed them to proceed as quickly as possible. The workers responded that their crops were already planted and that they could not leave them unattended. 24 the world know about the situation of repression under which Indigenous Peoples live; and to show our rejection of the celebration of the so called "V Quincentenary of the Discovery of America or the Encounter of the Two Worlds," led by the Spanish government and the Vatican and supported by the governments of the colonial states of the continent. Among the initiatives ofthe native peoples of ABYA YALA have been to invite the different sectors of the society to organize a common front, based in mutual respect of the differences and characteristics among sectors. This indigenous proposal has been distorted, and usurped by sectors which have always carried out discriminatory practices. Their policy has failed in our region and in other parts of the world, because their project are far from the reality of Native Peoples, because they tried to impose a system of a homogenous society which is based in centralized and bureaucratic power which ignores the right of Indigenous Peoples to Selfdetermination. In conclusion, the Indigenous, Black and Popular Sector Campaign, does not respond to the demands of Native Peoples of the continent. In addition, the form in which it is structured does not guarantee that Indigenous proposals will be respected in the future, nor does it allow for an honest alliance based on the right of each people to decide their own destiny, no matter how small the group is. Therefore, this Coordinating Body calls upon all the progressive, honest and committed people to join us in the struggle of the I At 2:15 p.m., in the presence of the ONUSAL officials, along with a captain, a second lieutenant, and the director of the National Police of Sonsonate, the police proceeded to intimidate the Indians with their weapons and then arrest 60 Indigenous workers and physically remove them to a nearby command station. The Indians were then taken to the nearby haciendaofDr. Guillermo Garcia Guerra, where the police officers were received with a special luncheon. During this time, the arrested men, women and children were made to stand and listen to the police say things like, "We should just machine gun these sons of bitches down to solve our problems." Hours later, they were transported to the Sonsonate police station and imprisoned andnotallowedtospeakwithfamilymembers or lawyers until Saturday, Feb. 29, when they oppressed peoples, to join in contra-celebration of the colonialist plans. In the same form, we call upon the popular sectors and the racially discriminated to form an alliance to struggle against oppression, respecting among ourselves our diversity. Given in New York (Indigenous Land occupied by the United States), 515/92. I were released. The following local landowners were with the arresting police officers: Andres Garcia Corona, Rafael Flores, Elsa Gutierrez Candel, Julia Leiva, Juan Martinez, and the three brothers, Carlos Chacon Moreno, Armando Candel Calderon, and Guillermo Garcia Guerra The Corte Azul and nearby Monzon cooperative members have received numerous threats in the past from these men, especially the three brothers, who flaunt their close ties to President Alfredo Cristiani. The crops, hammocks, blankets, beans, com,crates,clay fryingpansandcomales, and a food storage hut were destroyed in the raid. Source: ANIS (National Association of Indigenous Peoples of El Salvador) SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Police Raid Indian Cooperative (El Salvador) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Police Raid Indian Cooperative (El Salvador) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (24).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5af300bba6a574a0494bd6c85665561f.pdf 5a35de2c16ed8a855dd4014db39c1440 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource vol. 6, No. 3 (25-26).pdf PDF Text Text ciples and guidelines will continue to be discussed within each organization and in the Regional Workshops. This Coordinating Body calls upon all the progressive, honest and committed to join against the contra-celebration ofthe colonialist plans. In the same form, we call upon the popular sectors and the racially discriminated to form an alliance to struggle against the oppression, respecting, among ourselves our diversity. ""~-'' ..."'" Sector" In 1986, the Indigenous Movement initiated a campaign to disseminate information about the state of oppression underwhichour peoples live. The movement has taken the opportunity of t h e Quincentenazy asawaytolet El Salvador I I OnThursday,Feb.27,1500policeraided the Corte Azul Cooperative, arresting 60 Indian men, womenandchildrenanddestroying crops and supplies. The community members had peacefully occupied the unused government land to plant their crops. The police arrived at 7 am accompanied by three representatives of the United Nations Observation Team, reporters from a local television station and a group of local landowners. The police ordered the 250 workers from the Indian community of Costa Azul to leave their fields immediately, and when asked for a warrant ordering the displacement, they replied that they did not have one, but President Cristiani had instructed them to proceed as quickly as possible. The workers responded that their crops were already planted and that they could not leave them unattended. 24 the world know about the situation of repression under which Indigenous Peoples live; and to show our rejection of the celebration of the so called "V Quincentenary of the Discovery of America or the Encounter of the Two Worlds," led by the Spanish government and the Vatican and supported by the governments of the colonial states of the continent. Among the initiatives ofthenativepeoples of ABYA YALA have been to invite the different sectors of the society to organize a common front, based in mutual respect of the differences and characteristics among sectors. This indigenous proposal has been distorted, and usurped by sectors which have always carried out discriminatory practices. Their policy has failed in our region and in other parts of the world, because their project are far from the reality of Native Peoples, because they tried to impose a system of a homogenous society which is based in centralized and bureaucratic power which ignores the right of Indigenous Peoples to Selfdetermination. In conclusion, the Indigenous, Black and Popular Sector Campaign, does not respond to the demands of Native Peoples of the continent. In addition, the form in which it is structured does not guarantee that Indigenous proposals will be respected in the future, nor does it allow for an honest alliance based on the right of each people to decide their own destiny, no matter how small the group is. Therefore, this Coordinating Body calls upon all the progressive, honest and committed people to join us in the struggle of the I I At 2:15 p.m., in the presence of the ONUSAL officials, along with a captain, a second lieutenant, and the director of the National Police of Sonsonate, the police proceeded to intimidate the Indians with their weapons and then arrest 60 Indigenous workers and physically remove them to a nearby command station. The Indians were then taken to the nearby haciendaofDr. Guillermo Garcia Guerra, where the police officers were received with a special luncheon. During this time, the arrested men, women and children were made to stand and listen to the police say things like, "We should just machine gun these sons of bitches down to solve our problems." Hours later, they were transported to the Sonsonate police station and imprisoned and not allowed to speak with family members or lawyers until Saturday, Feb. 29, when they oppressed peoples, to join in contra-celebration of the colonialist plans. In the same form, we call upon the popular sectors and the racially discriminated to form an alliance to st:ruggleagainstoppression,respectingamong ourselves our diversity. Given in New York (Indigenous Land occupied by the United States), 5!5192. I were released. The following local landowners were with the arresting police officers: Andres Garcia Corona, Rafael Flores, Elsa Gutierrez Candel, Julia Leiva, Juan Martinez, and the three brothers, Carlos Chacon Moreno, Armando Candel Calderon, and Guillermo Garcia Guerra The Corte Azul and nearby Monzon cooperative members have received numerous threats in the past from these men, especially the three brothers, who flaunt their close ties to President Alfredo Cristiani. The crops, hammocks, blankets, beans, com, crates, day frying pans and comales, and a food storage hut were destroyed in the raid. Source: ANIS (National Association of Indigenous Peoples of El Salvador) I As Mexico works out the details of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the government is in the process of restructuring the country's agrarian laws to, among other things, allow the privatization of ejido lands. Though in principle the new laws respect the territorial integrity of Indigenous peoples, the Indians have reason to be skeptical. Their lands are coveted for tourist and agribusiness expansion. "We do not want hotels and other things that do not belong to us on our land," they stated. "We do not want to worldorothers who come to own the land." In principle, free trade is contrary to Indigenous beliefs, "We do not negotiate the land, or the forest, or the animals; we the Raramuri do not work in order to make business of our land" Fundamentally different philosophies about human relationships to the earth arise when passing privatization policies. "The land is the one who sees that we grow, she is like our Mother who gives us nourishment, the one who takes care of us, she is all we have." One of the significant victories of the Mexican Revolution was the 1917 Agrarian Reform Law which established communal land ownership in the ejidos. The ejidos are communal farms formed from expropriated large estates on which farmworkers are given free access to small plots. Ejido tenure is nontransferable. However, under constitutional changes proposed in November by President Carlos 6 Num 3 SAIIC Newsletter present reforms to [article] 27 of the constitution will give new impulse to the invasion of indigenous territory, against the justice that the spirit of the law seeks." The Indians say that, asitis written, "Thisreformisonlyforthe benfitoftherich,itisnotinfavorofthepoor.... The ejido should stay as it is." The Indians therefore proposed the inclusion of the following sentence to article 27: "the law protects the territorial integrity of Indigenous peoples." Salinas de Gortari, communal ownership and land distribution under the agrarian reform law would end. The amendment to Article 27 of the Constitution, was promulgated on Jan. 6, the final stage of its approval. Article 27 as amended, will abolish restrictions on corporate ownership of land (including ejido land), and farmers on ejidos (ejidarios) would be allowed to own their land outright and to rent or sell it to non-ejidarios. The law provides for the abolishment of constitutional obligations for land distribution and Indian ancestral claims, insitutional reforms, and relaxation of the limits to property size. The COSYDDHAC proposal sent to Fernando Baiza Melendez focused specifically on Article 27, section VII of the Mexican Constitution, which refers to lands of Indigenous communities. The statements by the Indians challenged the government's very right to legislate their lives and lands: "The government did not plant the grass, this was planted by God. The government did not give us the grass, God gave it to us. The trees are not government property, nor does the grass belong to the government; therefore the government cannot take our land" The legal process was criticized: "We are called only when we are needed to sign, and we are not givenexplantionsaboutwhatwearesigning." The COSYDDHAC proposal states "The In the proposal to the State of Chihuahua, Indigenous groups expressed concern over the uncertain future of their lands. The statements from the people included: "What is going to happen to our children? They will have nowhere to go, nowhere to live because all that once was ours will pass to others' hands." Elders areconcernedfortheirdescendants, "We the older ones will die, however what will our youth live from if they are not to inherit even the land, which is ours and which gives us what we· eat" History has confirmed their concerns. The privatization of lands held communally by Indigenous nations is a common strategy to weaken their self sufficiency. In the late 1800's the United States Dawes Act allotted acreage to male heads of households, and males over 18 years of age. This created a fictitious surplus of lands that were then sold to settlers. The Indian landholders then split up their land to give to their children, who had the power to sell. Within three generations, 90 percent of the lands allotted under the Dawes Act were expropriated by settlers. The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of1971 allows Native shareholders to sell shares of their lands to non-Indians beginning inl991. Thustheirlandsaremorevulnerable to takeovers by private corporations, especially when the economies ofindian commu- 25 �nities are depressed. Alaska Natives resisting this process are encouraging members of the tribes to transfer title to the Tribal Councils from the ~ative Corporations, thereby protecting communal ownership. Free trade and privatization will benefit the business community, as is aptly noted in a headline in a Bureau of National Affairs publication called BNA International Trade Daily which states "Agricultural Reforms announced in Mexico should benefit U.S. Firms, specialists say." The Ta:rahuma:ra, Tepehuano, and Rammuri of Chihuahua want the government to recognize the ethnic and cultural diversity of Mexico and allow the Indigenous people to play a role in the national arena. They state: "For the Indians of the state to retain their identity and contribute to the identity and richness of the state, it is necessary to respect the territory that they have been defending for four centuries." H I I . ! 'I i J At midnight on Saturday, Dec. 28, 1991,200 state judicial police bearing sticks and firearms violently evicted 300 Tseltales and Cho'ol Indians from the steps of the MunicipalPalaceinPalenque, Chiapas. They had occupied the square two days before to protest police violence, unjustified arrests, and judicial abuse and corruption, and to demand access to interpreters in the court system. As a result,l02 people were arrested, including Jesuit priest Jeronimo Hernandez, and Cho'ol deacon Sebastian Torres. While being held incommunicado, they were beaten, dispossessed of their belongings, and pressured to sign declarations which they were not allowed to read. The Public Ministry of Palenque denied a request on the part of local government officials that prisoners be medically examined in order to certify physical injuries suffered. On Monday, Dec. 30, Hernandez and 92 Indians were re~~- The remaining nine were held without bail on charges which included disturbing the peace, inciting to riot, and sedition. On Saturday, Jan. 5, while government officials held formal talks with the organizations involved, sentences ranging from 10 to 40 years were handed down for the nine. Non- l I dian Freedom (CDLI), the Union of Indian Communities of the Chiapaneca Jungle (UCISECH), and Tsoblej Yu'un Jwocoltic Union, have since returned to the Plaza at Palenque, where they are holding a vigil to pressure for the resolution of their original demands and for the immediate release of the nine prisoners. governmental human rights organizations took the case to the government's National Commission for Human Rights. The wives of the incarcerated have received support from throughout the state of Chiapas, as well as from other parts of the country. Local merchants have financed paid aids requesting that the authorities respond to the Indians' petitions. Telegrams demanding freedom for the imprisoned have poured into the governor and Chief Justice's offices. Meanwhile, government-controlled farmer and workers' organizations have responded with a counter-campaign. On Wednesday, in Tuxtla Gutirrez, one of the judges in charge declared himself incompetent to continue with the case. The three organizations who sponsored the December sit-in, the Committee for the Defense of In- SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Agricultural Reform Threatening Indian Lands (Mexico) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Agricultural Reform Threatening Indian Lands (Mexico) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title vol. 6, No. 3 (25-26).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/b02dc6bd18c5162804bb9168d72a0af2.pdf b6d2f856db7a53c0b7c61663b17af493 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (26).pdf PDF Text Text nities are depressed. Alaska Natives resisting this process are encouraging members of the tribes to transfer title to the Tribal Councils from the ~ative Corporations, thereby protecting communal ownership. Free trade and privatization will benefit the business community, as is aptly noted in a headline in a Bureau of National Affairs publication called BNA International Trade Daily which states "Agricultural Reforms announced in Mexico should benefit U.S. Firms, specialists say." The Ta:rahuma:ra, Tepehuano, and Rammuri of Chihuahua want the government to recognize the ethnic and cultural diversity of Mexico and allow the Indigenous people to play a role in the national arena. They state: "For the Indians of the state to retain their identity and contribute to the identity and richness of the state, it is necessary to respect the territory that they have been defending for four centuries." H I I . ! 'I i J At midnight on Saturday, Dec. 28, 1991,200 state judicial police bearing sticks and firearms violently evicted 300 Tseltales and Cho'ol Indians from the steps of the MunicipalPalaceinPalenque, Chiapas. They had occupied the square two days before to protest police violence, unjustified arrests, and judicial abuse and corruption, and to demand access to interpreters in the court system. As a result,l02 people were arrested, including Jesuit priest Jeronimo Hernandez, and Cho'ol deacon Sebastian Torres. While being held incommunicado, they were beaten, dispossessed of their belongings, and pressured to sign declarations which they were not allowed to read. The Public Ministry of Palenque denied a request on the part of local government officials that prisoners be medically examined in order to certify physical injuries suffered. On Monday, Dec. 30, Hernandez and 92 Indians were re~~- The remaining nine were held without bail on charges which included disturbing the peace, inciting to riot, and sedition. On Saturday, Jan. 5, while government officials held formal talks with the organizations involved, sentences ranging from 10 to 40 years were handed down for the nine. Non- l I dian Freedom (CDLI), the Union of Indian Communities of the Chiapaneca Jungle (UCISECH), and Tsoblej Yu'un Jwocoltic Union, have since returned to the Plaza at Palenque, where they are holding a vigil to pressure for the resolution of their original demands and for the immediate release of the nine prisoners. governmental human rights organizations took the case to the government's National Commission for Human Rights. The wives of the incarcerated have received support from throughout the state of Chiapas, as well as from other parts of the country. Local merchants have financed paid aids requesting that the authorities respond to the Indians' petitions. Telegrams demanding freedom for the imprisoned have poured into the governor and Chief Justice's offices. Meanwhile, government-controlled farmer and workers' organizations have responded with a counter-campaign. On Wednesday, in Tuxtla Gutirrez, one of the judges in charge declared himself incompetent to continue with the case. The three organizations who sponsored the December sit-in, the Committee for the Defense of In- SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 300 Tseltales and Cho'ol Indians Violently Evicted (Mexico) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title 300 Tseltales and Cho'ol Indians Violently Evicted (Mexico) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (26).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/093a601f5a2ce11f1216d68071e1f6a4.pdf e1e14bae212181f47a62fe0db1c41772 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (27).pdf PDF Text Text nities are depressed. Alaska Natives resisting this process are encouraging members of the tribes to transfer title to the Tribal Councils from the Native Corporations, thereby protecting communal ownership. Free trade and privatization will benefit the business community, as is aptly noted in a headline in a Bureau of National Affairs publication called. BNA International Trade Daily which states "Agricultural Reforms announced. in Mexico should benefit U.S. Firms, specialists say." The Tarahumara, Tepehuano, and Raramuri of Chihuahua want the government to recognize the ethnic and cultural diversity of Mexico and allow the Indigenous people to play a role in the national arena. They state: "For the Indians of the state to retain their identity and contribute to the identity and richness of the state, it is necessary to respect the territory that they have been defending for four centuries." I T I At midnight on Saturday, Dec. 28, 1991, 200 state judicial police bearing sticks and firearms violently evicted 300 Tseltales and Cho'ol Indians from the steps of the MunicipalPalaceinPalenque, Chiapas. They had occupied. the square two days before to protest police violence, .unjustified. arrests, and judicial abuse and corruption, and to demand access to interpreters in the court system. As a result,l02 people were arrested, including Jesuit priest Jer6nimo Hernandez, and Cho'ol deacon Sebastian Torres. While being held incommunicado, they were beaten, dispossessed. of their belongings, and pressured to sign declarations which they were not allowed. to read. The Public Ministry of Palenque denied. a request on the part of local government officials that prisoners be medically examined. in order to certify physical injuries suffered.. On Monday, Dec. 30, Hernandez and 92 Indians were reJ~. The remaining nine were held without bail on charges which included. disturbing the peace, inciting to riot, and sedition. On Saturday, Jan. 5, while government officials held formal talks with the organizations involved., sentences ranging from 10 to 40 years were handed. down for the nine. Non- dian Freedom (CDLI), the Union of Indian Communities of the Chiapaneca Jungle (UCISECH), and Tsoblej Yu'un Jwocoltic Union, have since returned. to the Plaza at Palenque, where they are holding a vigil to pressure for the resolution of their original demands and for the immediate release of the nine prisoners. On Feb. 27 the Honduran government announced. the indefmite postponement of the decision to give a 40-year logging concession to Stone Container Corporation of Chicago due to a tremendous outcry from national and international environmental and indigenous organizations and from the Honduran people. The concession would have allowed. Stone to log 840,000 acres or four-million cubic meters annually of pine forests of the Mosquitia, home to the Miskito, Tawahka, Garifuna and Pesch Indians. The Indigenous inhabitants were never consulted on this matter, which could have had disastrous effects on their lives, and an environmental impact study was never conducted. governmental human rights organizations took the case to the government's National Commission for Human Rights. The wives of the incarcerated have received. support from throughout the state of Chiapas, as well as from other parts of the country. Local merchants have fmanced. paid aids requesting that the authorities respond to the Indians' petitions. Telegrams demanding freedom for the imprisoned. have poured. into the governor and Chief Justice's offices. Meanwhile, government-controlled. farmer and workers' organizations have responded. with a counter-campaign. On Wednesday, in Tuxtla Gutirrez, one of the judges in charge declared. himself incompetent to continue with the case. The three organizations who sponsored the December sit-in, the Committee for the Defense ofln- The head of the Honduran Forestry Department(COHDEFOR),announcedthat"due to public and technical interest it was impossible to reach a satisfactory agreement with the Stone Container Corporation." The rejection of the concession was announced as over 3,000peoplemarched.against Stone in the streets of Tegucigalpa. Miskito forester Jorge Salaverri stated, during his speech in front of the capitol, that this is just the first victory for the Honduran people and the environment, and it is necessary that the SAIIC Newsletter 6 Num 3 momentum continue to fight against the Wellington Hall Company, a US furniture manufacturer which is logging mahogany in the Mosquitia. daily influx of landless campesinos. There were three demonstrations in Honduras organized. to protest the concessions. One was organized. by teacher unions and Miskito Indians, one by campesinos and one Although the contract between Stone and the Honduran government was shrouded. in secrecy, activists obtained. a leaked. copy which revealed. that more than 80% of Honduras could be subject to logging. The contract would have permitted Stone to cut trees anywhere outside of this area at anytime within by university students. Never before in Honduras has there been this kind of solidarity and consensus on an issue which has united people of all social classes to protect the environment. the next 40 years did not obtain sufficient pulp wood from the specified. region. Stone intended. to use the pulp wood for the manufacturing of paper bags, and disposable cardboard packaging. La Mosquitia covers the eastern third of Honduras and is not yet connected by roads to the highly populated interior. This has allowed. the Miskito, Tawahka and Pesch Indians to retain their cultural and land base to a large extent. The population of the region is approximately 40,000, with theMiskitopeople constituting nearly 90%. Separating the Miskito Indians' coastal pine forest and the country's interior is one of the largest surviving Central American rainforests, the home of the Tawahka Indians. Although the Tawahka obtained. "provisional guarantees" for their lands in 1989, the agreement is not being enforced. and they are threatened. by an almost The Honduran government and the Congress were bombarded. by letters and faxes from all over the world protesting the agreement. Protest letters were sent nationally by groups as diverse as the Association of Honduran Loggers, Organization of Miskito Peoples (MASTA), Community Education for Health (EDUCSA) and the Association of Honduran Biologists. In North America, urgent action campaigns were organized. by the RainforestActionNetwork, Global Response, Ancient Forest Rescue, SAIIC and the Task Force on Multinational Resource Corporations. 27 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Protests Block Logging Deal (Honduras) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Protests Block Logging Deal (Honduras) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (27).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/659341a1cf8201112ff426e122668e7d.pdf 9b47feac3117186bf9a9e7061f3be8ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (28).pdf PDF Text Text A proposal has been drawn up to create the Tawahka Biosphere Reserve in La Mosquitia, Eastern Honduras, by Mosquitia Pawisa(MOPAWI), aHondurangroupwhlch advocates the demarcation of Indian territories. The proposal was made, recognizing that protecting forests and the Indigenous People who inhabit them is both important and a legal obligation of the Honduran government, and includes the following points: The goals of creating the Tawahka Biosphere Reserve include guaranteeing the Tawahka people the space they need to live in their traditional manner; protecting biodiversity in the central Patuca River area; stopping encroaching deforestation; protecting natural resources to promote ecotourism, scientific research, and sustainable development; and completing a continuous ecological corridor thatwouldalsoinclude theRioPlatano Biosphere Reserve. The Reserve will be for the collective use of the Tawahka community and the people who now live in the area, with the goal of maintaining the traditional economy and sustainable development The Tawahkacommunities will promote, plan, and execute the 28 management of the reserve, through the colonists who settle in the areas after this Tawahka Indian Federation of Honduras decree takes effect. (FITH), subject to supervision by the Executive Branch. The exploitation of subsoil resources by inhabitants of the Reserve will be subject to The Reserve will be divided into three federal laws and must be authorized by the areas- a central natural zone, a buffer zone, government and include benefits for the and a settled cultural zone - which will be Tawahkacommunity.Ifpeoplemustmovein determined by theTawahkacommunity.Land order for this exploitation to be carried out, and natural resources in the region will be they will be compensated. used as they have been traditionally, and in the manner indicated by the Regulations for Land Archaeological sites and objects, hisUse approved by the Tawahka Congress. torical documents, and other testimonies of Current land ownership will be respected, and the past that are found in the Reserve will be sales will be allowed, with the condition that placed in the custody of Honduran Institute of the Tawahka community be given preference Anthropology and History, in accordance with over other prospective buyers. current laws about the defense of cultural heritage. The Institute will work in coordinaThe following activiti"'s will not be per- tion with the Tawahka community. mitted in the Reserve: in( x strial exploitation of the lumber, pasture-intensive cattle raising, "All inhabitants of the Tawahka Bioillicit removal of fauna, and other activities sphere Reserve will have the same rights and that work against the biological conservation obligations as all other Hondurans." of the Reserve. The Tawahka community, with the support of various governmental The government will try to gain admitentities, will be responsible for protecting the tance for the Tawahka Biosphere Reserve to resources within the Reserve. If the Tawahka the international networkofUNESCO' s Man community so requests, theHonduranAnned and Biosphere program. Forces will take necessary measures to eject Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tawahka Biosphere Reserve: Honduran Group Proposes Decree (Honduras) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Tawahka Biosphere Reserve: Honduran Group Proposes Decree (Honduras) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (28).pdf