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c

Ca ada

,,
A proposal has been drawn up to create management of the reserve, through the colonists who settle in the areas after this
the Tawahka Biosphere Reserve in La Tawahka Indian Federation of Honduras decree takes effect.
Mosquitia, Eastern Honduras, by Mosquitia (FITH), subject to supervision by the ExecuPawisa(MOPAWI),aHondurangroupwhich tive Branch.
The exploitation of subsoil resources by
advocates the demarcation of Indian territoinhabitants of the Reserve will be subject to
The Reserve will be divided into three federal laws and must be authorized by the
ries. The proposal was made, recognizing that
protecting forests arid the Indigenous People areas- a central natural zone, a buffer zone, government and include benefits for the
who inhabit them is both important and a legal and a settled cultural zone - which will be Tawahkacommunity. If people must move in
obligation of the Honduran government, and determinedbytheTawahkacommunity.Land order for this exploitation to be carried out,
and natural resources in the region will be they will be compensated.
includes the following points:
used as they have been traditionally, and in the
The goals of creating the Tawahka Bio- manner indicated by the Regulations for Land
Archaeological sites and objects, hissphere Reserve include guaranteeing the Use approved by the Tawahka Congress. torical documents, and other testimonies of
Tawahka people the space they need to live in Current land ownership will be respected, and the past that are found in the Reserve will be
their traditional manner; protecting sales will be allowed, with the condition that placed in the custody of Honduran Institute of
biodiversity in the central Patuca River area; the Tawahka community be given preference Anthropology and History,in accordance with
stopping encroaching deforestation; protect- over other prospective buyers.
current laws about the defense of cultural
ing natural resources to promote ecotourism,
heritage. The Institute will work in coordinaThe following activiths will not be per- tion with the Tawahka community.
scientific research, and sustainable development; and completing a continuous ecological mitted in the Reserve: incr strial exploitation
corridor that would also include theRioPlatano of the lumber, pasture-intensive cattle raising,
"All inhabitants of the Tawahka Bioillicit removal of fauna, and other activities sphere Reserve will have the same rights and
Biosphere Reserve.
that work against the biological conservation obligations as all other Hondurans."
The Reserve will be for the collective use of the Reserve. The Tawahka community,
of the Tawahka community and the people with the support of various governmental
The government will try to gain admitwho now live in the area, with the goal of entities, will be responsible for protecting the tance for the Tawahka Biosphere Reserve to
maintaining the traditional economy and resources within the Reserve. If the Tawahka the international network ofUNESCO' s Man
sustainable development The Tawahkacom- community so requests, the Honduran Armed and Biosphere program.
munities will promote, plan, and execute the Forces will take necessary measures to eject

28

IC Newsletter

After a long struggle for economic
and political rights, the fuuit people
won the political rights over a region which is more than 770,000
square miles (1/5 of the Canadian land mass). The governmentagreed to the creation of a
new political subdivision of
Canada, which will carry the
name of "Nunavut," meaning
"Our Land" in the fuuit language. fu addition, the government accepted the terms that this
territory be independent of the
Northwest Territories.
To the 17,000 fuuit people living in
the Great North, this agreement marks a victory after a long struggle, which began after the
Vol 6 Num 3

European explorers claimed the
Arctic archipelago. In addition
to political and territorial control, the fuuit will receive
economic advantages
through this accord in the
fonn of an indemnity of
one million dollars, payable within 14 years.
Experts believe that
the Nunavut Territory is
rich in oil, natural gas and
precious metals. The fuuit
will grant limited rights for
the exploitation of these resources.
Source: NitanissanBulletin.
No. 24, February 1992
29

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0~@ Lf@
I

This reportwas given during the March 1992 CONIC
conference of the Coordinating Body in New York. Carmen
Pereira, leader of the Organization of Indigenous Women
ofBent, discussed the situation
in Beni following The Indigenous March for Land and
Dignity to La Paz in August
1990, and the signing of the
decree which recognized the
territories of the communities
of the area.

I
mountain wherewemakeachaco
and plant tomatoes, rice, yuca
and oranges for our daily sustenance.

We have organized watch
posts in the forest so the loggers
will not enter but it is difficult to
control. The Indigenous women
of San Ignacio together with the
central organization have to go
and see. We went in January and
took away an eight horse power
engine, two barrels of gasoline,
Carmen Pereira (far left) In a meeting with the Board
two chain saws, their boat and
of Directors of the Center for Indigenous People
their wood. This wood will now
The cattle ranchers are still in the area. Francisco, the barbed wire has already benefit the community and will be sold to
They are not going to leave until the reached the edge of the village. Now ev- make a school, sanitary facilities and
government buys the lands from them erything is flattened, the ranchers knock whatever else is needed.
because they have property titles. Now the over the trees. The government decree is
We women have only done this begovernment has to buy the land to give it there but it is not being enforced. The
to the Siriono people, something they logging companies also continue cutting cause,aswehavesaid,wedonotcareifwe
have not done yet. Where I live in San wood. We have to travelfarto plant, to the die in order to get what we want The

30

SAIIC Newsletter

�Indian women at the CONIC meeting
New York, March, 1992

logging companies arevecy abusive: They
enter the communities and rut the wood in
front of everyone.

@)
I
This reportwas given during the March 1992 CONIC
conference of the Coordinating Body in New York. Carmen
Pereira, leader of the Organization of Indigenous Women
ofBeni, discussed the situation
in Beni following The Indigenous March for Land and
Dignity to La Paz in August
1990, and
signing of the
decree which recognized the
territories of the communities
ofthearea.

I

I
mountain where we make achaco
and plant tomatoes, rice, yuca
and oranges for our daily sustenance.

We have organized watch
posts in the forest so the loggers
will not enter but it is difficult to
control. The Indigenous women
of San Ignacio together with the
central organization have to go
and see. We went in January and
took away an eight horse power
engine, two barrels of gasoline,
two chain saws, their boat and
their wood. This wood will now
The cattle ranchers are still in the area. Francisco, the barbed wire has already benefit the community and will be sold to
They are not going to leave until the reached the edge of the village. Now ev- make a school, sanitary facilities and
government buys the lands from them erything is flattened, the ranchers knock whatever else is needed.
because they have property titles. Now the over the trees. The government decree is
We women have only done this begovernment has to buy the land to give it there but it is not being enforced. The
cause,aswehavesaid,wedonotcareifwe
to the Siriono people, something they logging companies also continue cutting
have not done yet. Where I live in San wood. Wehavetotravelfartoplant, to the die in order to get what we want. The
30

SAIIC Newsletter

There was a serious problem where
they killed a child, Roy Juarez. This family, although it is Indigenous, has cattle
and there was a cattle rancher who wanted
to take their land. This rancher, who is
from Sucre, sent one of his servants. As
they did not find the father who had gone
to the river, they shot and killed the six
year old boy. The boy was with his little
brothers, one who was three and the other
who was one year old. The three year old
grabbed his younger brother into his rums
and ran to the mountain. From there he
heard the shots and went to tell another
family. When they got back the boy was
dead. This happened in 1989 and there is
a case which is still pending in court but
nothing will come of it because this man
has a lot of money to keep the lawyers
quiet For the Indigenous People there is
no justice. For that reason we would like a
law in Bolivia which would protect the
Indigenous women and men.

Forfurther information contact:
Carmen Pereira
Central de Pueblos lndigenas del Beni
Casilla 58
Trinidad, Bolivia
Tel: 591 464575
AliciaCanaviri
Coordinadora de Mujeres lndfgenas de
Sud y Centro America
Av. Burgaleta Pasaje Callacoque 1947
Villa Copacabana
La Paz, Bolivia
Tel: 591 2 3121043 or 591 2 30478
Wara Alderete
PO Box28703
Oakland, CA 94604
Tel: 510 834 4263 Fax: 510 834 4264

The Organization of Indigenous
Women of Beni is a member of the Coordinating Body ofIndigenous Women of
Central and South America, which is a
communication and support network, by
which Indigenous women can publicize
and share our worlc, our problems and
achievements. We also hold activities to
promote the organization and participation of our sisters on a continental level.
6 Num 3

31

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                    <text>!

The Women's International League for Peace
and Freedom (WILPF) will sponsor an International Seminar of Indigenous Women of the
Americas on June 28-30, 1992 in Santa Cruz, Bolivia.This
meeting will serve as a tribute to Indian women, and to
support the right to life, territory, culture and political
participation of indigenous people.

i

The seminar will be held in preparation for
the WI F XXV International Congress which
will be held in Santa Cruz, Bolivia on July 1
and will culminate in the signing of a "Peace
and Justice Treaty among the Women of the
mericas."
The WILPF is an international organization
which seeks to unite women all over the world
in an effort to work towards peace and human
rights.

32

SAIIC Newsletter

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                    <text>The Women's International League for Peace
and Freedom
will sponsor an International Seminar of Indigenous Women of the
Americas onJune 28-30, 1992 in Santa Cruz, Bolivia.This
meeting will serve as a tribute to Indian women,
to
support the right to life, territory, culture and political
participation of indigenous people.
The seminar will be held in preparation for
the WILPF XXV International Congress which
will be held in Santa Cruz, Bolivia on July 1-6
and will culminate in the signing of a "Peace
and Justice Treaty among
e Women of the
•
II
mer1cas.
The WILPF is an international organization
which seeks to unite women all over the world
an effort to work towards peace and human
rights.

32

SAIIC Newsletter

(Ohio, USA)
America is a
nine month
in solidarity and support of
indigenous peoples'
years of
for their cultures and lands. The Walk is one
many events aimed at changing the
structive and environme
disastrous
course of this country. The
began on
January 31, 1
at the United Nations in
New York City.
walk will continue the
3,000 mile journey, ending at the Nuclear
Test Site on Western Shoshone land on October 1
1
with a massive non-violent
demonstration. The
marchers
II be
passing through
Philadelphia Pennsylvania,
shington DC, Columbus Ohio, Indianapolis Indiana, St. louis
Missouri,
leavenworth
Kansas, Colorado Springs
Colorado, Albuquerque

N

e

w

Mexico, Big
ountain
Arizona,
avasupa1
land
rizona,andlas
Vegas
Nevada. The entire route, once indigenous peoples land, is
now littered with the broken promises of
treaties signed by the US government. Native
Vol 6 Num 3

speakers, demonstrations, and workshops
are planned along
route bring attention
to these struggles. Between 150 and 300
participants are currently walking. Everyone
is invited to walk with the group for a day, a
or the
those unable to
participate in this way,
supporting
another walker or contributing funds for an
indigenous speaker, equipment, or medical
assistance.

Other 1
~ Spiritual Gathering

activities include:
Big Mountain, Arizona,

USA, June, 1992.
~ In October of

1
there will be the Second
Continental Conference: 500 Years Indian
Resistance in Panama

16

33

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Indigenous leaders meeting at the December 1991 NGO conference "The Roots of
the Future" in Paris signed a declaration demanding that governments and international
organizations guarantee the rights of Indigenous Peoples to self-determination and control over their natural resources. The declaration rejects the· celebration of the
"Quincentennial of the Discovery ofAmerica"
and states that "the 11th of October, 1492 was
the last day of freedom for the Indigenous
Peoples of America". The signers also demand the right of Indigenous Peoples to participate in the UN Conference on Environment and Development to be held in June in
Brazil. The Indigenous leaders wish to present
an alternative modal for sustainable development based on the traditional harmonious
relationship between Indians and the environment They reject the western development

I!

'

I
'

Letter from the Indigenous Delegates
present at the Palace of Nations in Geneva
Switzerland, to the Pope.
Geneva, August 1, 1991
Chief of State of the Vatican
Pope John Paul ll
Rome, Italy

The indigenous delegates present at the
Palace of Nations, in Geneva, Switzerland, in
debate regarding the Universal Declaration of
the rights of indigenous people, convened by the
"Working Group of Indigenous People" of the
United Nations, hereby present and declare:
In view of the declaration on May 3, 4,
1493, of the Papal Bull INTER CETERA, by
which territories of indigenous people are conceded to Spain and Portugal, without taking into
account the material or spiritual rights of the
indigenous people in case of ABYA-YALA
(America) and other parts of the world;
In defense of the sacred rights of the indigenous people, and in promotion of human dignity and harmony that should reign among humanity on this planet,

For all these purposes:
l)we demand from the vatican state a denunciation of the unilateral treaty Pope Alejandro

modal basedonamarketeconomywhichonly
benefits the powerful and which is responsible for the destruction of the environment
through overexploitationofnaturalresources.
The following is the introduction to the
declaration:
We, the Indigenous Peoples of the world
have been constructing, since the ancestrnl
times, a culture, civilization, history and a
view of the world which have permitted us to
co-exist harmoniously with nature. This normalprocesswasintenuptedinAmericain1492

VI, as being contrary to the Universal Human
Rights of Peoples.
2)whereas theyear 1993 completes 500
years of a supposed spiritual conquest without clear rectification of this universal injustice, allowing the nation-states that have
benefited from the inherintance of Pope
Alejandro VI to continue programmes of
genocide and ethnocide, denying the indigenous people the recuperation of a harmony
based on reciprocal human respect, we demand that the Papal Bull of May 3, 4, 1493
INTER CETERA be annulled.
3)we direct John Paul ll to accede to
universal concepts of justice including the
spiritual and material rights of indigenous
peoples, in furthereance of life, harmony of
human beings with our Sacred Mother, and
the spiritual peace of the Great Creator in
accord with the cosmovision of each one of
our indigenous peoples, free from all oppression.
Thus we proclaim in the name of Human Dignity, in harmony with our Mother
Nature and in the Spirit of Truth.
Signed, the indigenous delegates, and
organizations.

by the European invasion of the continent and
has meant genocide, the negation of our culture, the violation of our human rights, racial
discrimination, the usurpation of our natural
resources and the occupation of our territories
and sacred places. Currently the Indigenous
Peoples fmd themselves very affected by the
necessity created by the economic and cultural system imposed by the great powers and
governments. At the same time we have
contributed to the "development", sacrificing
our peoples and resources without receiving
any compensation.
For a copy of the full text send $3 to

SAIIC.

34

SAIIC Newsletter

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Indigenous leaders meeting at the December 1991 NGO conference "The Roots of
the Future" in Paris signed a declaration demanding that governments and international
organizations guarantee the rights of Indigenous Peoples to self-determination and control over their natural resources. The declaration rejects the celebration of the
"QuincentennialoftheDiscovery ofAmerica"
and states that "the 11th of October, 1492 was
the last day of freedom for the Indigenous
Peoples of America". The signers also demand the right of Indigenous Peoples to participate in the UN Conference on Environment and Development to be held in June in
Brazil. Thelndigenousleaders wish to present
an alternative modal for sustainable development based on the traditional harmonious
relationship between Indians and the environment. They reject the western development

'i
! !

Letter from the Indigenous Delegates
present at the Palace of Nations in Geneva
Switzerland, to the Pope.
Geneva, August 1, 1991

i

Chief of State of the Vatican
Pope John Paulll
Rome, Italy

!

The indigenous delegates present at the
Palace of Nations, in Geneva, Switzerland, in
debate regarding the Universal Declaration of
the rights of indigenous people, convened by the
"Working Group of Indigenous People" of the
United Nations, hereby present and declare:

In view of the declaration on May 3, 4,
1493, of the Papal BulllNTER CETERA, by
which territories of indigenous people are conceded to Spain and Portugal, without taking into
account the material or spiritual rights of the
indigenous people in case of ABYA-YALA
(America) and other parts of the world;
In defense of the sacred rights of the indigenous people, and in promotion of human dignity and harmony that should reign among humanity on this planet,
For all these purposes:
l)we demand from the vatican state a denunciation of the unilateral treaty Pope Alejandro

34

modalbasedonamarketeconomywhichonly
benefits the powerful and which is responsible for the destruction of the environment
through over exploitation ofnatural resources.
The following is the introduction to the
declaration:
We, the Indigenous Peoples of the world
have been constructing, since the ancestral
times, a culture, civilization, history and a
view of the world which have pennitted us to
co-exist hrumoniously with nature. This normalprocesswasinterruptedinAmericain1492

VI, as being contrary to the Universal Human
Rights of Peoples.
2)whereas the year 1993 completes 500
years of a supposed spiritual conquest without clear rectification of this universal injustice, allowing the nation-states that have
benefited from the inherintance of Pope
Alejandro VI to continue progranunes of
genocide and etlmocide, denying the indigenous people the recuperation of a harmony
based on reciprocal human respect, we demand that the Papal Bull of May 3, 4, 1493
INTER CETERA be annulled.
3)we direct John Paulll to accede to
universal concepts of justice including the
spiritual and material rights of indigenous
peoples, in furthereance of life, harmony of
human beings with our Sacred Mother, and
the spiritual peace of the Great Creator in
accord with the cosmovision of each one of
our indigenous peoples, free from all oppression.
Thus we proclaim in the name of Human Dignity, in harmony with our Mother
Nature and in the Spirit of Truth.
Signed, the indigenous delegates, and
organizations.

•
I
(Panama, Ecuador) Indigenous mostprogressiveandlndian-friendly,''said
Peoples do not expect a significant reduc- CONAIE president Luis Macas.
tion in the rate of destruction of the
environment after the United Nations
He criticized governments andNGOs
Conference on the Environment and De- for giving little importance to the "human
velopment (UNCED) to be held in Rio de aspects of conservation" during preparaJaneiro in June, and demand that their tory discussions for the Earth Summit.
voices be heard at that conference.
"We have seen governments and environmentalists from both North and South get
For the Confederation of Indigenous deeply involved in discussions on
People of Ecuador (CONAIE), the nature biodiversity and technology, but without
of the pre-UNCED negotiations held so speaking about us (Indians), who have
far seem to point to the meeting being conserved theEarthformillennia,"Macas
"great theater, with few concrete results". said.
Oswaldo de Leon Kantule, a youth
leader of the Kuna People ofPanama, said
that he is opposed to the conference. He
charges that it only provides a forum for
governmental and non-governmental organizations and leaves out the native
populations who are "the true defenders of
Mother Earth."

by the European invasion of the continent and
has meant genocide, the negation of our culture, the violation of our human rights, racial
discrimination, the usurpation of our natural
resources and the occupation of our territories
and sacred places. Currently the Indigenous
Peoples find themselves very affected by the
necessity created by the economic and cultural system imposed by the great powers and
governments. At the same time we have
contributF.Ai to the "development", sacrificing
our peoples and resources without receiving
any compensation.
For a copy of the full text send $3 to
SAilC.

SAIIC Newsletter

Delegates from the Ecuador ethnic
conference had attended the Pre-UNCED
negotiations which began in Kenya in
August1990andendedlastMarchinNew
York. For Macas, those who took part in
the discussions "forgot the Indian tribes,
who for centuries have lived in the forests
and the high plateau of America."

De Leon insisted that the UN summit
He said Indigenous groups throughofficially recognize Indian groups as the out the world would present to the Rio
true environmental protectors and give summit a report showing how the Indians
them a forum from which to voice their view the universe and demanding that all
demands after five centuries of exploita- economic activity in areas inhabited by
tion, death and extennination.
Indians be administrated by the Indigenous groups themselves.
Indigenous groups say official documents to be signed at the Rio meeting
would hardly stop the
current rate of environmental destruction in the region. "It
will be a grand spectacle where each
government will
want to appear the

6 Num 3

Powerfulcountriesmustincreasetheir
economic aid, but at the same time, change
their paternalistic and imperialistic outlook on he south," said Macas. He blamed
the market society and the capitalistmodel
for75 percent ofenvironmental deterioration in the world.
Vianor Perez, Kunaactivist, described
as "contradictory", the fact that Latin
American governments wholeheartedly
back the conference and at the same time,
approve of the cutting down of the Amazonianforest.Everyyear,closeto200,000
acres of forest reserves are destroyed,
tenitory which for centuries has provided
food and shelter to the Indian population.
"A fundamental issue that the conference must discuss is the Indians' right to
use their own land," said Kuna leader de
Leon. "If some kind of agreement is not
reached, the Indigenous people of Latin
America will only be left with the air they
breathe and the little land that surrounds
them now."
"We indigenous peopleofBrazil don't
expect much from that conference," said
Allton Krenack, the Coordinator of the
Union of Indian nations in Brazil. "Because the governments who will participate have made the decision a long time
ago about their environmental police. It is really
just a show."

Source: Inter Press
Service and SAIIC

35

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