2 12 29 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/fb34283bf981a7dcd3bbe3d8aea05220.pdf fb336b67b2b1479a9f095d6afac05344 PDF Text Text P ERSPECTIVES ON C HIAI$S C h::. .i: .a=t=;__:;;_;:....::::..... as--=--=-en _;_rrom T e m u co: -=--=-- . : p a s-----==- se-=-::..:.... :. . .;~ Interview with Aucan Huilcaman Consejo de Todas Las Tierras in Chile. In theCityofTemuco in the heortofMopucheoncestrol territory. the Consejo de T odos los Tierros (All Lands Council} meets once a year. Their international Werken (messenger), Auc<in Huilcomon is charged with making known the denunciations, agreements and projects from the Mopuche Tribunal. He is also responsible for relations with other Indigenous peoples of the continent. Heis2 7years old and in hisfourth yearo(law school at the Autonomous UniversityofTemuco, he was also o congressionalcandidate in lost Deeemberselections. but didn't achieve o seot in the House. In the following interview he spoke regarding the situation in Chiop<JS. of the Mopuc/Je in Chile, and the continental Indian movement. by Ximena Ortuzar* How do the Mapuche evaluate wh~t happened in Chiapas this past january? -There nrc various points related to this action. Personally. and in general. I celebrate the Zapatlsta's courage. decisiveness and organizational capaclty which permitted them to prepare thetr uprising without being detected by the Mexican Intelligence apparatus. Th~l is remarkable. In addirion, (he Mapu· chc support all lndigellOUS peoples' struggles In defense of their legitimate rightS. I observe though. a huge spilt between the discourse and Ideology of (he continental Indigenous movement and what (heZapatisl.aSareproposing. In one of rneir points, they demand, 'More land for the Indigenous people.• l11is Is good, but insufficient. Eve:n if they give more lands. these will continue to be just fragmemsofthe l~rger landscape. The fundamental lndlg· enous problem in all or America Is that of territory. When the State distributes p~rcels or land. mey remain under its sovereignty. The central demand 18 should be territory, where Indigenous rights have clear legitimacy. You cannot attack the real problems or the Indigenous people of the comment if you do not approa.ch thiS Issue. manner wnh being human. and with our own nature, Our COJICi!ption is that the territory IS a physical space where the ~bpuche people should have control. pbannmg power and autonomy to e,'(ercise free self-determinarion. Land and Territory 1understand that ont or the 'Mapltche's What is the conceptual difference between l.a nd and territory? -Land is an individual concept relating a person to 11 specific plnce-person-propeny. whereas the con.cept of territory is collective and refers tO a group or people with a portion or coll.,ruvetand. Formelndtgenouspeoplc. the concept of territory holds dements of identity. or culture or a form or organization. I can give you an example; with us. the Mapuche, many of the trees that surround us have names like the names of our children. And when the huincn -white person cuts the trees, clearing the native forest, we (eel that our tdentity has been cut off. Territory is connected m a substantial princlp.'l muggles in these moments is precisely fot' lerritory. -Th~t'sright. That hasrneantcharges against us for 'Illicit association', and •failure before the law, morality and good customs• which :tlTectS l44 or us. We could go to jail. but this will not SlOp our decision to recover what be· lon~to us. And you mtss this conceptual element in the z.,patisro proposal. ·F(Om what ! know. yes. I sec also that they ask for Salinas de Gonari to resign. I bdleve that he could resign and that wouldn't solve the problem for Indigenous people in Mexico. In my opinion. this is a weakness in me proposal. because the basic question is Abya Yala News �P ERSPECTIVES ON CHIAPAS not of changing the president but or chttnglng the nature of the State. m order to achieve transformation thnt resmuns the State'sabsolutcdominion o"er the Indigenous people which Is exercised agait\St their will. In the Z:lpattStJI proclamations I don't see n questionmgofthestmctureofthtSt:~tc. Another point that seems curions to me is that the h1ghest visible lendcrlsn ":sub-commander~ ...\Vhen we meet in our Tribunal there is no pres1dem, or secretary or treasurer of the Mnpu· che comnmnit)'. rather we hMe a Lonko. Mnchi--origmal authoritiesThese posluons bnng together the m· stnutional strUcture and the JUridic concept of the community. And you find this important... -OcOnitel)•. yes. It is not a question of form. While you don't reinstate your own forms of organization as a weapon to oppose the fonns of tdco· logi(jll dommation that the State 1m· poses. you are fighting with your oppressor's wenpons and they arc not ours by na10re. How would you C'l'lain this situation in the case of Chiapas? -Asnccnnin amount of mcmul colo· nlzatlon. No one c.~n fail to recognitc the effort. the courage and the dcei$Wtnc~ Of the Z:lpatistas that rose Up in Chiapas. But i reiterate that in my judgement the proposal that we know Vol8No. 1 &2 the Indigenous people, but rather the form in which this wns implemented. If we travel through the province of Arauco we encounter barely five Mapuche communities. The rest arc villages close to cities. They applied colo-nial thinkmg. Historicall)•, the Council of the Indies- which was an organization designed tO organize the Indians according to the dominant concepts-it rocogmzed the Indigenous people's nght to orgnnizc in municipalities and gave them a structure !or this. With the agrarian refom1, the Mapuche were obligated tO Ji,•e in vii· las on lands awarded In a determined has holes in the area of Indigenous place. makmg thlsn population center rightS. They propose the need for that breaks with the concept of indijusucc which is impossible wh1le the ,·idual-lnnd that represents a human rightS of Indigenous people m Chiapas collecuvity In 1h1s nsJXct. I see in the to deCide their own future Is not rem- Zapalistas a conceptual weal..-ness. st:u~d. And this hapJXnS by reinstat· ing territory and chnng1ng tht struc· What do you anrlbu1e this to? -I don'1 exactly know. I believe that ture of the Stme. I also sec thnt they the Indigenous peoples In Mexico have sufficient instilutional s tructure aJld they s hould have employed 1his in Chiapas. I am certain that the Mapu· che would never have a sub-commander in a s1milar sttuation. We could ha'·ca Toqu1,anongmalauthor· hy. but never a copy. nn ass1mila11on. I want to clanfy that I don't intend to take away from what the Z:lpanstaS ha\'e done, butlt's my duty to say that I detect a ccnain strange inOuencc on the Indigenous people in these circumstances. \Vhat is the basis for your statement? -For the last six years, we ha,·e met periodicnlly w1th lnd•genous leaders of Me>dco,l know all of them. The last Aucan Huitcaman add1"1!ssing the UN 11me. I was In Onx3ro last October. World Conference on Human Rights They assume that theyareethnicgroups held in Vienna during June. 1993 and don't vtndicatr their existence as peoples or natiOn$. Ideological domipropose the need for~ ngr~rhtn reform nation has entered into their minds Jaw which is a concept distorted from and language. In M~xico, the Indian the essence of an indigenous commu- walks m the SlrcclS like a dominated nity. In Chile there was an agr:man being. des puc being part of the majorreform and we don't quesuon the ity. blolog.allysJXaking. They are not amount of lands that were returned to conscious of who they ;m:, This is 19 �P ERSPECT IVES O N (HI APAS explained by the fact that Mexico's government has implemented the most policies of assimilation against Indigenous people. Already in 1942 in the government of Lazaro Cardenas it was said, "We have 10 Mexicanize the Indians, and not to lndianize Mexico.". And they worked on the Indians with that purpose. Maybe the roots of the problem lie in the Conquest. .. -Without doubt, the Spanish crown had a strong influence on the Indigenous people that inhabited the territory that is now the Stale of Mexico. Today they are disarticulated, they cannot decipher their own writing. and this blocks their ability to reach. once again, their own scientific exp1analion of life,. The Indigenous trunk was cut and they are still in the process of reassembling themselves. While this process is incomplete, the consciousness. the commitment of being Indigenous will continue to fail, despite being the majority. Self-understanding as a person What does it mean to be cootmiued 10 being an Indigenous person> · It is not a specific contmiunent or political belief but rather a way of understanding yourself as a person . A good example of this is that in Mexico. there have been two Indian presidents: Benito JuArez and Porfirio Dfaz who governed for many years. Nevertheless, this did not mean any advantage for the Indians of Mexico. To be Indian in biological or racial tenus doesn't mean anything if the kind of commitment I was speaking about doesn't exist. In the meeting with Indigenous leaders of Mexico which )'OU alluded to, did you raise these observations? -All of them. 20 Will Chiapas set an important precedent in the Indigenous struggle? With what response? -Without doubt. But it's important -Ourconceptsare very well received, but there has been unevenness in the not 10 let out of our sight that this level of who deals with the subject that precedent and its lessons are imporstops at the level of leaders. Further- tant for both parties: Indigenous more, lhe communities of Mexico have peoples and States. An example of this been very controlled. If one visits an is that the first constitutional and juIndigenous community, you ftncl that ridic recognitions of Indigenous people it has a plaza. it has its musical bands arose in Nicaragua during the that is, everything is organized as the Sandinista Revolution when the IndigCouncil of the Indies would have it. enous people rebelled agai nst the The Romano-Spanish concept of orga- Sandinista government and began 1he nization is palpable i.n the communi- armed struggle which was erroneously ty's Structures, which seem more like called counter-revolutionary. The govthose of a city. I'm speaking of an ernment decided to recognize them, ideological concept , applied through and it happened that other States took external structures, and contradictions similar measures. These were re-acarise such that Indians end up being commodations, small legal rectifications ... Legally functional for the States, Mexkans. bm not for the Indigenous people ... And this doesn't occur with the MapuThings change so that everything reches> -I would say it occurs less. l will mains the same? -Exactly. The Stale makes legal give you an example: we hear and we read about Emlliano Zapata. If we modifications in order tO insure the don't have prior knowledge we don't maintenance of its institutional domiknow that he was Indigenous, because nation. as happens with Benito Juarez and l'orfirio Diaz. despite being Indians, Is there a message )'OU would like to they have Spanish names. We have convey? -Indigenous movements are the ones struggled to conserve our Mapuche names and we have accomplished that which will give a new face to America with very few exceptions. The great in terms of justice, democracy, and majority oft he Mapuche conserve their liberty--which today are onl)' a dream original last names. and for us, that for us. Thus, its fundamental that constitutes an important element of every political and social movement in our identity. Meanwhile in Mexico America takes into account this elemany times, Indians only recognize ment which "~II define relations Statethemselves inside themselves--and people and Indigenous nation. Bemany limes. not even there. Here, our cause today, it is not Marxism that puts last name identifies us as Mapuches. the State at risk, but the Indigenousand in consequence, not as Chileans. original organizations. The State knows this. and takes its precautions. Every social and or political organization 1hat fights for human rights must know that Chiapas a Landmark the indigenous people should prevail Tofinisllthe fotmh annual session ofthe and contribute 10 the construction of a \vn Ma!Jt<Che Toibunal, Huilcmnan gave a true inst itutionality with our O charspeech in Tcmuco.lnfinishinghesaid, •ro acter and based on our own particurhc brothers in Chiaflas, fmward wirh rite lalities. ~ strl<ggle for land tmd liberty." "R..>prin;edinl"'t ln>ml'l1=. Mexico.April II ,1994· N>ya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Antonio Hernandez Cruz Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maya Tojolabal Secretary General of the CIOAC Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Interview with Antonio Hernandez Cruz Item Type Journal Article Author Maya Tojolabal Secretary General of the CIOAC Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 12-14 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note SAIIC spoke with founding member of the State Indigenous and Campesino Council of Chiapas about the government's reaction, including detainment and torture, to the organization's peace and rights demands. He also speaks of the state of indigenous organization and consciousness in Chiapas. Attachment Title abya yala p12-14.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Government Abuse Indigenous Organizing State Indigenous and Campesino Council in Chiapas https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/2805f6587a42f299247e00ced45b87bb.pdf fb336b67b2b1479a9f095d6afac05344 PDF Text Text P ERSPECTIVES ON C HIAI$S C h::. .i: .a=t=;__:;;_;:....::::..... as--=--=-en _;_rrom T e m u co: -=--=-- . : p a s-----==- se-=-::..:.... :. . .;~ Interview with Aucan Huilcaman Consejo de Todas Las Tierras in Chile. In theCityofTemuco in the heortofMopucheoncestrol territory. the Consejo de T odos los Tierros (All Lands Council} meets once a year. Their international Werken (messenger), Auc<in Huilcomon is charged with making known the denunciations, agreements and projects from the Mopuche Tribunal. He is also responsible for relations with other Indigenous peoples of the continent. Heis2 7years old and in hisfourth yearo(law school at the Autonomous UniversityofTemuco, he was also o congressionalcandidate in lost Deeemberselections. but didn't achieve o seot in the House. In the following interview he spoke regarding the situation in Chiop<JS. of the Mopuc/Je in Chile, and the continental Indian movement. by Ximena Ortuzar* How do the Mapuche evaluate wh~t happened in Chiapas this past january? -There nrc various points related to this action. Personally. and in general. I celebrate the Zapatlsta's courage. decisiveness and organizational capaclty which permitted them to prepare thetr uprising without being detected by the Mexican Intelligence apparatus. Th~l is remarkable. In addirion, (he Mapu· chc support all lndigellOUS peoples' struggles In defense of their legitimate rightS. I observe though. a huge spilt between the discourse and Ideology of (he continental Indigenous movement and what (heZapatisl.aSareproposing. In one of rneir points, they demand, 'More land for the Indigenous people.• l11is Is good, but insufficient. Eve:n if they give more lands. these will continue to be just fragmemsofthe l~rger landscape. The fundamental lndlg· enous problem in all or America Is that of territory. When the State distributes p~rcels or land. mey remain under its sovereignty. The central demand 18 should be territory, where Indigenous rights have clear legitimacy. You cannot attack the real problems or the Indigenous people of the comment if you do not approa.ch thiS Issue. manner wnh being human. and with our own nature, Our COJICi!ption is that the territory IS a physical space where the ~bpuche people should have control. pbannmg power and autonomy to e,'(ercise free self-determinarion. Land and Territory 1understand that ont or the 'Mapltche's What is the conceptual difference between l.a nd and territory? -Land is an individual concept relating a person to 11 specific plnce-person-propeny. whereas the con.cept of territory is collective and refers tO a group or people with a portion or coll.,ruvetand. Formelndtgenouspeoplc. the concept of territory holds dements of identity. or culture or a form or organization. I can give you an example; with us. the Mapuche, many of the trees that surround us have names like the names of our children. And when the huincn -white person cuts the trees, clearing the native forest, we (eel that our tdentity has been cut off. Territory is connected m a substantial princlp.'l muggles in these moments is precisely fot' lerritory. -Th~t'sright. That hasrneantcharges against us for 'Illicit association', and •failure before the law, morality and good customs• which :tlTectS l44 or us. We could go to jail. but this will not SlOp our decision to recover what be· lon~to us. And you mtss this conceptual element in the z.,patisro proposal. ·F(Om what ! know. yes. I sec also that they ask for Salinas de Gonari to resign. I bdleve that he could resign and that wouldn't solve the problem for Indigenous people in Mexico. In my opinion. this is a weakness in me proposal. because the basic question is Abya Yala News �P ERSPECTIVES ON CHIAPAS not of changing the president but or chttnglng the nature of the State. m order to achieve transformation thnt resmuns the State'sabsolutcdominion o"er the Indigenous people which Is exercised agait\St their will. In the Z:lpattStJI proclamations I don't see n questionmgofthestmctureofthtSt:~tc. Another point that seems curions to me is that the h1ghest visible lendcrlsn ":sub-commander~ ...\Vhen we meet in our Tribunal there is no pres1dem, or secretary or treasurer of the Mnpu· che comnmnit)'. rather we hMe a Lonko. Mnchi--origmal authoritiesThese posluons bnng together the m· stnutional strUcture and the JUridic concept of the community. And you find this important... -OcOnitel)•. yes. It is not a question of form. While you don't reinstate your own forms of organization as a weapon to oppose the fonns of tdco· logi(jll dommation that the State 1m· poses. you are fighting with your oppressor's wenpons and they arc not ours by na10re. How would you C'l'lain this situation in the case of Chiapas? -Asnccnnin amount of mcmul colo· nlzatlon. No one c.~n fail to recognitc the effort. the courage and the dcei$Wtnc~ Of the Z:lpatistas that rose Up in Chiapas. But i reiterate that in my judgement the proposal that we know Vol8No. 1 &2 the Indigenous people, but rather the form in which this wns implemented. If we travel through the province of Arauco we encounter barely five Mapuche communities. The rest arc villages close to cities. They applied colo-nial thinkmg. Historicall)•, the Council of the Indies- which was an organization designed tO organize the Indians according to the dominant concepts-it rocogmzed the Indigenous people's nght to orgnnizc in municipalities and gave them a structure !or this. With the agrarian refom1, the Mapuche were obligated tO Ji,•e in vii· las on lands awarded In a determined has holes in the area of Indigenous place. makmg thlsn population center rightS. They propose the need for that breaks with the concept of indijusucc which is impossible wh1le the ,·idual-lnnd that represents a human rightS of Indigenous people m Chiapas collecuvity In 1h1s nsJXct. I see in the to deCide their own future Is not rem- Zapalistas a conceptual weal..-ness. st:u~d. And this hapJXnS by reinstat· ing territory and chnng1ng tht struc· What do you anrlbu1e this to? -I don'1 exactly know. I believe that ture of the Stme. I also sec thnt they the Indigenous peoples In Mexico have sufficient instilutional s tructure aJld they s hould have employed 1his in Chiapas. I am certain that the Mapu· che would never have a sub-commander in a s1milar sttuation. We could ha'·ca Toqu1,anongmalauthor· hy. but never a copy. nn ass1mila11on. I want to clanfy that I don't intend to take away from what the Z:lpanstaS ha\'e done, butlt's my duty to say that I detect a ccnain strange inOuencc on the Indigenous people in these circumstances. \Vhat is the basis for your statement? -For the last six years, we ha,·e met periodicnlly w1th lnd•genous leaders of Me>dco,l know all of them. The last Aucan Huitcaman add1"1!ssing the UN 11me. I was In Onx3ro last October. World Conference on Human Rights They assume that theyareethnicgroups held in Vienna during June. 1993 and don't vtndicatr their existence as peoples or natiOn$. Ideological domipropose the need for~ ngr~rhtn reform nation has entered into their minds Jaw which is a concept distorted from and language. In M~xico, the Indian the essence of an indigenous commu- walks m the SlrcclS like a dominated nity. In Chile there was an agr:man being. des puc being part of the majorreform and we don't quesuon the ity. blolog.allysJXaking. They are not amount of lands that were returned to conscious of who they ;m:, This is 19 �P ERSPECT IVES O N (HI APAS explained by the fact that Mexico's government has implemented the most policies of assimilation against Indigenous people. Already in 1942 in the government of Lazaro Cardenas it was said, "We have 10 Mexicanize the Indians, and not to lndianize Mexico.". And they worked on the Indians with that purpose. Maybe the roots of the problem lie in the Conquest. .. -Without doubt, the Spanish crown had a strong influence on the Indigenous people that inhabited the territory that is now the Stale of Mexico. Today they are disarticulated, they cannot decipher their own writing. and this blocks their ability to reach. once again, their own scientific exp1analion of life,. The Indigenous trunk was cut and they are still in the process of reassembling themselves. While this process is incomplete, the consciousness. the commitment of being Indigenous will continue to fail, despite being the majority. Self-understanding as a person What does it mean to be cootmiued 10 being an Indigenous person> · It is not a specific contmiunent or political belief but rather a way of understanding yourself as a person . A good example of this is that in Mexico. there have been two Indian presidents: Benito JuArez and Porfirio Dfaz who governed for many years. Nevertheless, this did not mean any advantage for the Indians of Mexico. To be Indian in biological or racial tenus doesn't mean anything if the kind of commitment I was speaking about doesn't exist. In the meeting with Indigenous leaders of Mexico which )'OU alluded to, did you raise these observations? -All of them. 20 Will Chiapas set an important precedent in the Indigenous struggle? With what response? -Without doubt. But it's important -Ourconceptsare very well received, but there has been unevenness in the not 10 let out of our sight that this level of who deals with the subject that precedent and its lessons are imporstops at the level of leaders. Further- tant for both parties: Indigenous more, lhe communities of Mexico have peoples and States. An example of this been very controlled. If one visits an is that the first constitutional and juIndigenous community, you ftncl that ridic recognitions of Indigenous people it has a plaza. it has its musical bands arose in Nicaragua during the that is, everything is organized as the Sandinista Revolution when the IndigCouncil of the Indies would have it. enous people rebelled agai nst the The Romano-Spanish concept of orga- Sandinista government and began 1he nization is palpable i.n the communi- armed struggle which was erroneously ty's Structures, which seem more like called counter-revolutionary. The govthose of a city. I'm speaking of an ernment decided to recognize them, ideological concept , applied through and it happened that other States took external structures, and contradictions similar measures. These were re-acarise such that Indians end up being commodations, small legal rectifications ... Legally functional for the States, Mexkans. bm not for the Indigenous people ... And this doesn't occur with the MapuThings change so that everything reches> -I would say it occurs less. l will mains the same? -Exactly. The Stale makes legal give you an example: we hear and we read about Emlliano Zapata. If we modifications in order tO insure the don't have prior knowledge we don't maintenance of its institutional domiknow that he was Indigenous, because nation. as happens with Benito Juarez and l'orfirio Diaz. despite being Indians, Is there a message )'OU would like to they have Spanish names. We have convey? -Indigenous movements are the ones struggled to conserve our Mapuche names and we have accomplished that which will give a new face to America with very few exceptions. The great in terms of justice, democracy, and majority oft he Mapuche conserve their liberty--which today are onl)' a dream original last names. and for us, that for us. Thus, its fundamental that constitutes an important element of every political and social movement in our identity. Meanwhile in Mexico America takes into account this elemany times, Indians only recognize ment which "~II define relations Statethemselves inside themselves--and people and Indigenous nation. Bemany limes. not even there. Here, our cause today, it is not Marxism that puts last name identifies us as Mapuches. the State at risk, but the Indigenousand in consequence, not as Chileans. original organizations. The State knows this. and takes its precautions. Every social and or political organization 1hat fights for human rights must know that Chiapas a Landmark the indigenous people should prevail Tofinisllthe fotmh annual session ofthe and contribute 10 the construction of a \vn Ma!Jt<Che Toibunal, Huilcmnan gave a true inst itutionality with our O charspeech in Tcmuco.lnfinishinghesaid, •ro acter and based on our own particurhc brothers in Chiaflas, fmward wirh rite lalities. ~ strl<ggle for land tmd liberty." "R..>prin;edinl"'t ln>ml'l1=. Mexico.April II ,1994· N>ya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chiapas as seen from Temuco: Interview with Aucán Huilcaman Consejo de Todas Las Tierras in Chile Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ximena Ortuzar Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Chiapas as seen from Temuco: Interview with Aucán Huilcaman Consejo de Todas Las Tierras in Chile Item Type Journal Article Author Ximena Ortuzar Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 18-20 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note The messenger of the Consejo de Todas las Tierras (All Lands Council) praises the Zapatistas while pointing out there is more to be done. In the interview, Huilcaman discusses autonomy, territory, indigenous rights, leadership, agrarian reform, and identity. Attachment Title abya yala p18-20.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Consejo de Todas las Tierras Huilcaman Aucán Indigenous movements Mapuche Zapatista Critique https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/1bf303d57426738131a4e428baa6a66e.pdf 3cff5f5761d99d7f1586f695c9a11332 PDF Text Text PERSPECT IVES ON (HIAPAS What is the Significance of the Chiapas Uprising · for the Continental Indigenous Movement? AMALIA DIXON, Miskito ,Yapti Tasba, Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua First, to be sincere. on the Atlantic Coast we are very isolated from all international news, and even local news hardly makes it to the interior. In PuertoCabeza we only have one radio station. We have heard very linle information on the situation in Chiapas. Bm as Indigenous people we understand that this situation is pan of the Indigenous reality. The people of Chiapas had been suppressed by the ideas of others. and it was too much. We as a people say enough. We area people with many valuable experiences, and we want to participate in the decisions. It is also time that we make our situations known to the world, and stop living as devalued citizens within the national societies. Chiapas was one of these situations. From this perspective. we are clear in our solidarity with the people's Struggle in Chiapas. ATENCIO LOPEZ, secretary, Kunas Unidos por Napguana The struggle of Indigenous peoples ... has always been obscured by non Indigenous political groups, especially by guerrilla movements that have swept it under their ideological class struggle. No colonizing ideology has served the liberation of Indigenous people. Christianity had to take root in Ab)'ll Yala b)' blood and fire. then the supposed •caudillos' kept Indigenous people as slaves in their haciendas while they proclaimed themsekcs "liberators of America•. Then liberalism. and now neo-liberalism continues by profiting from our misery, selling lands to transnational corporations and landlords. That is why for us the armed uprising of our brothers in Chiapas was not a surprise nor by chance. It was the explosion of repressed feelings, an explosion ofa culture denied for more than five hundred years. Some nation, among the forty million voices, had to shaner the silence and move :~gainst capitali$m and modernization which day by day confronts us with greater indifference. JEANNElTE ARMSTRONG, Okanagan Nation, Director of the En'owkin International School of Writing in British Colombia Canada. In my view the most significant issue arising is that the governments of Canada and the USA which so publicly espouse the principles of democracy worldwide, are in a partnership with a government which has a long history of perpetrating terrorism, armed oppression, and 1!-\l>loitation of peoples and natural resources. It is a government which has used and continues to use political and military violence as weapons of repression to maintain a S)'Stem of elitism. AS)•stem which has and continues today to perpetuate racialgenocidal policies and practices against Indigenous peoples. The North American Free Trade Agreement between the USA, Canada and Mexico can only heighten the necessity for stronger measures of control to protect the vested interest of the elite classes of all three countries. Perhaps most apparent is that . as long as the "conflict" is portrayed as a "domestic" crisis. then those two governments who are complicit in such serious human rights violations, can continue to maintain a pretence of innocence. The responsibility falls then on those who espouse true democratic principles, to expose the blood on the hands ofthese go,•emments and the multinational corporal ions that they play hand maiden to. Voi.8No. l &2 21 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource What is the Significance of the Chiapas Uprising for the Continental Indigenous Movement? Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amalia Dixon Atencio Lopez Jeannette Armstrong Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title What is the Significance of the Chiapas Uprising for the Continental Indigenous Movement? Item Type Journal Article Author Amalia Dixon Atencio Lopez Jeannette Armstrong Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 21 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous leaders from Nicaragua, Panama, and Canada give their thoughts on the Zapatista uprising and how it plays into a larger indigenous movement across the continent. Attachment Title abya yala p21.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Continental Indigenous Movement Kunas Unidos por Napguana Okanagan Nation Yapti Tasba https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/b7c10c6648bcd70c6dc36c93109fb89b.pdf ed2c4baa2435a4b6b98efd097b3fd92a PDF Text Text SELF DETERMI N ATION AND TERRITORY After the Constitution: Indigenous Proposals for Territorial Demarcation in Colombia The Colombian constitution granted all indigenous territories /ego/ status os "Territorial Entities" within the republic. The Indigenous movement's triumph during the constitutional convention is porticulorly important since it makes Colombia the first country to hove recognized all Indigenous communities territorial rights, rather than selectively granting rights to certain peoples. by Ana Cecma Betancourt and Heman Rodriguez .th82differentethnicgroups W: iving within its national boundaries. Colombia is second only to Brazil in terms of ethnic diversity in South America. As a result. we in Colombia have learned to respect differences. while working together to defend our ancient cultures. ancestral tenitories. and autonomy. This history explains. to a certain extent, why the Organization ofColombian Indigenous Nations (ON IC>. and the Colombian Indigenous Authorities (AICO), representing 40 different local and regional organizations. were the only nonpartisan groups represented in the Constitutional Assen1bly of 199 I. Acting as spokespeople, Lorenzo Muclasof AICO. Francisco Rojas Biny of ON IC. and Alfonso Pena Chepe of the now demobilized anned indigenous rnovement, Manuel Quimfn Lame, ensured that the Magna Carta protect the rights and aspirations of the various ethnic groups in Columbia, including the natives of San Andr~s Archipelago. and African-American communities. Ana Cecilia Betancoun <md Heman Rodriguez ate members of ONIC's press de(Jattment. 22 Although the Constitution has established legal norms for establishing territories, pressure to speed up the secondary legislative procedures has led to continued exclusion of indigenous communities from the political process. Agreements reached at the Constitutional Assembly are thus being disregarded. Constitutional History The political constitution of 1991 defines Indigenous Lands under Art ide 286 as Territorial Entities with the s.1me political and administrative jurisdiction as depanments and municipalities. This pem1its indigenous communities autonomy to define their own development strategies and be governed by their own authorities who will have authority to administer public resources including local and national taxes. The Constitution left the actual distribution ofterritorial entities as well as definition of their responsibilities to a piece of follow-up legislation called the Organic Law for Territorial Demarcation. This law would also regulate the settlement of disputes between the National Government and the Territorial Entities. lnd igenousorganizations published their proposals for the Organic Law two years after the Constitution was ratified. This proposal was developed through consensus and focused on three general considerations: a) As products of the·nationa.l constillltion the i_ digc,nous territories n shall not be subject to decisions made at the congressional level. b) Indigenous Territories will be those areas currently held by indigenous communities with boundaries defined by traditionalsocial. economic, and cultural activities, regardless of whelher lhe communities have re· ceived prior legal title. c) The Organic Law should be designed with a certain margin for change as the territories' actual boundariesaredra,,, by future legislation. Delimiting Territories As a result of 500 years of colonial domination and genocide, many communities have been fragmented. or severely reduced in size. To allow for the variation among communities. there should be no minimum size limitations either for populations or areas in establishing territories. Problems ma)'• however, arise if many smaHterritories Abya Yala News �SELF D E TERMI NATION AN D T ERRITORY wh1chdo n()l unlfycommuniueswithin brood adrmmstrauvc reg•ons arc ere· ated. In part1culnr. divisions between communlt.es could Increase. lnd•gcnousorgt~nl:!:\tionshavemade a series of proposnls addressing these issues. First, the cs1 ablishment of terriwries should be bnstd on n1leastoncof two cri1 enon: a) a geogmphic unit consis1ing of a cominuous region in which com· munilics conduct their social, eco· nomic, and cultuml activi1ics; b)nrl ethnic unh belong•ng to a cuitum! complex In which the majority oftht population is indigenous, in a region that Is no1 geographically conunuous. &-condl)•.the lndigcnousorgt~nizations suggest thnt ICrntorics link then ad· minlstr:ui\·e structures to those of the departments. Admintstmtive decentmhzm•on should be enhanced when combined whh links 10 governmental bodies. such as departments, capable of pro,oidinginstitutionalsuppon. with· out threatening their amonom)'· We propose the following steps when establishing n territory: a) lntcrdcp:mmemal Territorial Enti· ties should be formed; b) Negouations to establish a direct relanonshtp \vith one ofthc depanmems or the centro! go,·cmment should begm after n period, not to exceed rtve )'Cal'S. '" which new administmtive structures are con· solidated. c) Indigenous communi! ics should begin the pr<X'Css of establishing terri tomI bounclanes and adminis· trm i\·e functions by submuting an application nnd a preliminary proposal. d)The propos~! should he evaluated through an in-depth study carried out by an nucrdlsctplinaf)•task force includingindigcnousorganizations. e) Thr infornUIIIon collected will be 11S('d 10 submit n formal proposal to the Territort:ll Regubtory Agency. ac<:ordtng to Arude 329 of the New Constituuon. 0 The rtn31 dooslon ,y;IJ be made by the national government and rcpreVol.BNO. I &2 sentativcs of the mdigenous lndi9fi!OU$ GfOIIIIS of Colombia organtznt1ons, asoutltncd un· denheConstl· tution. Government Response The Colo mbian tulministr:t· tion prese nted congress with a proposal for the new Organic l..:tw for territorial de· marcation In 1992. Thepropo· sition however. ,·iolated guide· lines established under the New Consmmion by failing to consider Ind ige nou s - organization's proposals. Addi· tionally, it neglected many ter· ritorial entitles. Asaresult.thead· n1i.mst ration ''''lS forced to retract itS propos:ll. ' In September .:>f 199). the administrntion presented congress w11h a nr:w pro· posal. but Lhls one also failed to address the lndigenoU$ proposal. .---·-- · .-.. --J--- The Future of the Territories In addition to the difficulties of reaching an agrcemcm \vith the gov· emmcnt on the proposed Organic Law. this law which should be organic (pro· viding original and basic structure to legislation), Is not. Instead. the government proposed Instead a step by step process. i\ series of legislation which would sh:1pe the territories func· tions has already been approved or is being considered. A law defining distribution of rcsponslbihties and re· sources in rclauon to the mumctpali· tiesw:JSapproved tn 1993. At the same time, the Nauonal Fc:es Fund, National EnvuonmtnUt1 System nnd projects regulanng tht national planmng sys· tern and Departmental regulation are all aw:~iting appro,-al. All of these will define the role of theS!nlt's:Kiministm· th·estructurcsdifferently. In thls"-ay, the government t>roposes that the territories Organic Law should conform to prce..xisling laws, when the opposite should occur. We hope that the proposals made by the indigenous people will stimulate a more open dcbot e and promote more democratic {lnd rcprescntntivc forms of governmcm. This new government should rcfttct the InterestS of its diverse poplllauon nnd pcm1it the introduction of alternative models of de,•elopment. Nonetheless, we have a long way to go before this becomes a reality. Indigenous orgt~niz.•uons effons to construct sohd poliucnl struc· tures will determine the future of our earlier achl(~vemcms. '9 23 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource After the Constitution: Indigenous Proposals for Territorial Demarcation in Colombia Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ana Cecilia Betancourt Hernán Rodríguez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title After the Constitution: Indigenous Proposals for Territorial Demarcation in Colombia Item Type Journal Article Author Ana Cecilia Betancourt Hernán Rodríguez Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 22-23 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Colombian constitution granted all indigenous territories legal status as “Territorial Entities" within the republic. The Indigenous movement's triumph during the constitutional convention is particularly important since it makes Colombia the first country to have recognized all indigenous communities territorial rights, rather than selectively granting rights to certain peoples. Attachment Title abya yala p22-23.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Autonomy Ethnic diversity Indigenous Territories Organic Law for Territorial Demarcation https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/e6ebd6d0938dbd8d243e5e9a36483860.pdf c40d70cec870c586538e563cd8419353 PDF Text Text SELF DETERMINATION AND T ERRITORY Interview with Teofilo Lacayo Garifuna leader of the Honduran Northcoast organization lseri Lidawamari (New Dawn). Garifuna in the North coast region have carried out a cons1ant struggle to recover confisc.a ted lands T he Garifuna live in 46 coastal communities in Northern Hon duras, an area shared b)• Pech and Misquito peoples as well as ladino colonists. They draw their history back to a mixing of Caribbean islanders and escaped West African slaves, both of whom were displaced through British colonization efforts. lseri Udawamari is afftliated with CAH DEA (the NGO working wilh all the different lndig· enous groups in Honduras). The Ga1i funa traditional!)' lived from fishing and ctiltivatingyucca from Sarah England conducted this interview in April, 1994 as part of graduate research in <lllthropology at the University of C<llifomia, Davis. 24 which they makee.reba (cassava bread). Many Garifuna communities lost the majorit)' of their productive lands after the construction of roads through their regions--most households in lhesecommunities depend on reminances from relatives in the US for survival. Communities near the Mosquito coast are now also facing the loss of their lands. The Honduran government is currently pushing for massive tourist development on the entire Nonh Coast which would displace Garifuna cultivators and force them 10 take jobs as low-paid workers in the tourist industry. lse.ri Udawamari was founded in the community of limon both to recover communal land claimed by ladino landlordsand to increase Garifuna agricul- tural production and encourage economic autonomy. They are also struggling to prevent the takeover of their beaches b)' a powerful Honduran investor who plans to build a tourist resort there. What problems have the Garifuna experienced following the land invasions? ·Traditionally, theGarifuna lived in the.ir communities and respected the limits of each Others' lands. If a neigh· bor said, • rrom here. to that coconut palm is mine•, then no one else would enter where that man was \vorking. They would say to the neighbor: 'from there to there you can take'. On the other hand, you can observe now that concrete and wire fences are being N>ya Yala News �SELF DETERMINATION AND T ERRITORY 'The mother earth, withinthe philosophy of lseri Lidawamari. should not be sold. it should remain so that the generations that follow us have the space to be ableto develop themselves." raised in this community. Those did not exist here before. Those belong to cultures copied from the city, copied from idiOS)mCrasies external to the G<lrifuna. Of course, now we are also affected b)' this problem because ev· erybody is puuing up concrete or wire fences. The same is happening in the countryside. Before, we didn't put up even one thread ofwire. Now everyone has to put up wire because otherwise they will be encroached on. We were confident in those years in de -facto land ownership, and not in legal rights, so we never demanded titles. Now it is the same situation. Noweveryonewhogoesacquiringtheir piece of land also has the idea of putting up fencing because the)•know that without fencing it will be encroached on. Now also the people are procuring titles in ordeno prevent problems with the ladinos who are invading our communily. This invasion began in the 1970s. It was gradual. nevertheless, it has imensified because those who were already here announced in other regions that there were great expanses of land, and that they were empty. People have come exclusively to make ntoney off the land. I know families who have come, marked great extensions of land and are now enriching themselves selling it. The Gari fun a today, seeing this situation are also concerned with acquiring large areas of land to keep for their children. In general we don't have the inclination to sell land. What one has, Voi.8No. t &2 munityoflriona, in which the congress asked that the region's mayors not sell the ethnic groups lands, and in the cases where there were alread)• colonists in these areas, that the state itself ought to dean up the situation--that is recover the lands for the ethnic groups. Bmthey have not done this yet. Possibly there has been a lack of pressure on What is the major land problem that them from the communities. Limon is confronting? -The problem that the community What is l.seri Lidawamari's philosophy of Limon is confronting right now is is relation to the land? -I don't doubt that there are people that the former mayor shortsightedly sold 100 hectares of land , only a few who have taken up this idea of marketkilometers from here in Farallones , ing the earth. But in the case of lseri for 4,000 lempiras to the largest capi- Lidawamari it would be out of the talist in Honduras. This man (Miguel quest ion for our members to sell the Facussi) is now building a tourist re- lands. The mother earth, within the sort in Farallones. Not only is he philosophyoflseri Lidawamari ,should building there, he's also enclosing the not be sold, it should remain so that the beach which has been free for passage. generations that follow us' have the Near there we have the lagoon ofSalado. space to be able to develop themselves. and Farallones serves as an area of The cooperative "~II be marketing absorption for Salado. Once the forest products, but at the communal level. For of Farallones has been cut down, we us, the land's products should be marrun the risk that Salado will dry up, keted. not the land itself. These ideas that and this would be a serious proble-m I'm telling you are the orientation of lseri because Salado gives us food: in the Lidawamari because while I live, there will sense that we fish there, we get sea never be one inch ofland sold "~thin this food, we trap some animals, and we tenitO!)'that weare recovering.I would be the first to condemn such an action bealso farm at Salado. cause I am convinced that it would not Are there laws in Honduras that pro· benefit the people who are worki.ng for teet the lands of ethnic groups' development. How 'viii people live from -The past administration emiued the air? We know well that in any pan of an order in the national congress. This the world, if there is no land, there is no document covered the situation that life. We need theeanh for its ecology ,for was occurring in the municipalities of the 'vild animals, for everything. So, we Limon , Tela, Tn~illo, and in the com- should not sell the land.-,. one thinks of for one'schildren. Which is very different from the people who come from far way to take great extensions of land, and then at some time return to live in the cities. We don't think like that. und is owned so that it can be worked and so that your children can work. 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource No, Life without Land Interview with Teofilo Lacayo Garifuna leader of the Honduran Northcoast organization Iseri Lidawamari (New Dawn). Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teofilo Lacayo Sarah England Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title No, Life without Land Interview with Teofilo Lacayo Garifuna leader of the Honduran Northcoast organization Iseri Lidawamari (New Dawn). Item Type Journal Article Author Teofilo Lacayo Sarah England Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 24-25 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Western influences and pushes for tourist development have pushed many Garifuna people off their lands and changed the relationship people have to each other and the land. The government has favored capitalist interests leading to hardships for many subsistence farmers in the area of Limon. The leader of Iseri Lidawamari denounces the commercialization of land and insists it is not in the best interest for his people to sell land and it will not be sold in their territory. Attachment Title abya yala p24-25.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Garifuna Honduras Iseri Lidawamari land rights Tourist development https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/c29a04ddfd46e15ee94760a72b95258f.pdf 792ef84680435cfd9ee6d5964f9e0440 PDF Text Text Suicide Before Eviction Guarani·Kaiowa family in Mato Grosso do Sut wait along a road crossing the land rhat was theirs An entire communityofGuoroni-Koiowo people in Moto Grosso do Sui, Brazil, threoten co commit collective suicide if o Federal courc's order to expel them from their oncestrol fonds is corried out. This May, Marta Vitor Guarani, president of the Koguoteco Association for Displaced Indians travelled to che US to make the situation ofher people known co the international community. tt H owlongwillwehavetowaitfor the 'Brazilian justice system to give us rights to our land>' questioned Mana Vitor Guarani at a press conference in San Francisco. Over 11,000 lndigcnou,;; people including Guamni-Kaiowa. Nandeva and M'bya have lost their lands in the state to invasions by ranchers supported by S)'ffij)athetic courts and police forces. Indigenous lands in the state have halved over the last decade, now total- 26 ling less than 25,000 hectares. ' It is always the ranchers who win in the courts, while Indians end up without any respect for our land rights. But Indians are like plants, how can we live without our soil. without our land.' asked Yitor Guarani. She notes that landless Indians are left nothing but misery. "Ovcrseven thousand Indians arc working in the charcoal factories and inthesugarcaneproccssingplams. They live in a state of slavery. This is the integration that white society offers us. But we Indians, the first owners of this land. cannot accept this humiliating and inhuman integration." Land Expulsions and Mass Suicide The Guarani, Vitor says. "are the poorest people, the most. abandoned people in 'Brazil." In their desperation, many. especially youths, have turned to suicide. Indian organizations claim Abya Yala News �SELF DETERMINATION A N D TERRITORY that approximately 300 people have committed suicide over the last ten years. The Brazilian government's own estimate pms the number at Ill between the years of 1986-1993. Mana's community, Poste lndigena Dorados. has seen the greatest concentration of lndigeno\tS suicides in the country. One-hundred and six GuaraniKaiowa families from the community of jaguapire in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sui are threatening collective suicide if a Federal court's order to expel them from their lands is carried out. Marta states, ' The area has already been demarcated and legalized. but with no guarantees, and this could be the fourth time, that the Indigenous people of jaguapire are expelled, which would be very serious. because the mothers have decided that they will give poison to the children and later kill themselves !rather than be moved I." At the end of last year the community ofjaguapire sent a lener to FUNAI (the Brazilian agency [or Indian affairs) affinning that they had chosen to die rather than be evicted. A federal court postponed the community's eviction out of consideration for these circumstances, but the court's final decision is Still pending. In 1992, the community's 2,089 hectare area was declared a permanent Guarani-\(aiowa possession by the Brazilian minister of justice. It's demarcation was confirmed by the 'President of the Republic. Nonetheless, under Brazil's peculiar system for titling land to Indian communities, anyone else \vishing to present counter claims is given a lengthy period and multiple opportunities to do so. Legal challenges filed at any time in the process can be pursued for many years, even after lands are demarcated and ratified as Indigenous possessions. lnjaguapireand elsewhere, this has meant Indian loss ofpre,iouslydemarcated lands. Indigenous communities must prove \vith physical evidence that the)' have the longest record of inhabitation for contested lands. In the case of Jaguapire, evidence shows that the Guarani-Kaiowa have been burying Vol.SNo. l &2 their dead on these lands for at least 90 years, while the rancher claiming the lands arrived only ten years ago. In many cases however~ evidence is more difficuluo find. journalist Rippernotes. ' ranchers are accustomed tO run their tractors over the cemeteries to obliterate any sign that there were Indian people there. • Despite being the most populous Indigenous people in Brazil. the Guarani now subsist on the smallest pieces of Indian land in the country, and are submitted to the most brutal social and economic conditions. Thegiam region of forest and savannah once used by the Guarani for hunting. fishing and agriculture has been subdivided and reduced tO degraded pasmre by wealthy landowners. often with the help of State subsidies. land ownership in Mato Grosso do Sui is arguably the most concentrated on earth, with 1% of the population owning 70% of all lands. The Guarani are divided into three groups: the Nandeva, Kaiow~ and M'bya. and live throughout Southern Brazil from the state of Espirito ~anto to Rio Grande do Sui. HG wever. the vast majority live in MalO Grosso do Sul. Pressures on the Guarani lands have imensified as their territories lie within the area of the government's Parana-Paraguay project which has caused real estate speculation in the region. Although the case of jaguapire is one of the most serious, eleven other Guarani communities have also been evicted or are threatened with eviction, and await court decisions as to their fate. lnthecommunityofUmonYerde, Marta points out, 'people are living under tenLS wit hom the conditions necessary to live while they await the judge's decision. More than 200 families are there, and the)• are going through a lot of misery. We can see in their faces since we are Guarani people that they are very sad, extremely sad.' Accordjng to the Brazilian lndianist Misslonary Council (CI MI) another Guarani·Kaiowa community living in Marta Vitor Guarani and a companion mourn at her community's cemetery for youths who have killed themselves photo: J.R. Rlptl(t/ tmagens da tc.~rra 27 �SELF D ETERMINAT ION AND TERR ITO·~ Y--------------R~ antral "r'>lem M~lll (,ro.;o do Sui ruas ttO«UptCd thctr l:tncls tn the pre· nousl)· dcmar<atcd 2.7<15 :acre Takual)t)'ll') kuuuiu lnd••n Atn The)· h.n~ b«n e>1<tcd "~tum> from ~ temtOI)· .\bow 300 GuaDtll· Kala... a burned a bncl1~( P"" ;dang raMI actt» to tM tonacsted area lbncMB accu.c: them of bumm11 a hoU>c one! school as "cII. ha...cwr OMI note. ~ "''' burned b) a non·lndl.ln sutkr an an attempc to prl>\ol.to mtb t:ll) acuon :ayaMI tM lndtans \hh· tary polK'< N\~ occupied tM :ttc,;, although c.Latmtnll ncutrahty an 1M conlbct,IM)· N\C n(2tl) ah'a)"> acted ag;unst lndag<'nou~ pc.oplt Resistance and Repression TM Kaguatcca Asoolmton for 1>1>placccl lndtan\ umtc• :all lndtgcnoos groups In tM St>lr to m:bun bnd> of the diSpossa;ed and prcwnt funhcr C\1Cllon~ Elc\'tn tho11s.111d lndagtnom people nrr dlsplatcd an Mnto Gro>SO do Sui, 9,000 of thr'lt nrc Gunr.~nl, while the reM belong to other ~mallet· )>COtllcs. 1 grcnt prublcm fncing those \ who would rentrnto their lnnds,ls the gap between pl.tntlngnnd harvest time$, since they arc stnrtlng with no rc:~~:rw•. Kaguatccatssohthlng food ~uppon for these coanmunllie:> to> help them hvc unulthc fti"SS 11;11'\cst Currently three dtffcrcnt communttto W1th :1 tt>tal of 220 pc.opk arc prcp.~nng to mxcup) bn<b tht) "'""' ~1ou.ty !<>reed to 2bandon \Luu founded tM ~ca.­ c.auon for d~<pla.~.llndlilru follOW>ng 1M ~al\oJtton of 1\c,r uncle \!;areal Tupa )' ck 5ouu an IQ83, a htgltl) respcc1cd lndi&<nous leader""""'-, J.> 1M •poet ""h """ or hooey' for hb P""~r "uh l:tnguagc • Th1< "'"one of the many hundrcdiof lnda~I'IO\a lc:td crs,._auted for rno<t1ngbnd 1n,-a· soons A«otdtns, to \nor. 'In Br.a:tl. tM murdu of lndwt~ donn\ mock ait)'lnort. n.>t tM pohucbn. nor the gO\-.:mment, 001 the CI\1IW\ popub· uon ' Althoulth IC\ cr.ai•S+~'PNIIOJU ha'~ b«n ln\nllj;itrd, not one rc· suited 1n tM ktlkr'< ctm,1CI>on unttl 1a>t >~r whm tM u.a....m of \tarcal 28 contender At tM end of l,hl \pnl. t.ula met \\1th lndtgtnou' k~.kB rep· r=nung 24 or&~m:otuoo• and '16 In· di:an pcopks from all 0\cr 8=•1 At this mtttang. 1\c, co>nfumc.l hiS oppt"" • tioo to anu-lnd.an co>~llutoonal 'rc• forms• • a:ld proml~ dw cbtm.s or t Ill') :"a.... nc.. ~res m2ke lance ~m more dtfftrult 'for the lndagcnous cng.mt%21><'<\0 "'ltlld b.: Guaram. tM core of rcs&<Untt is reb· mtl. t,~<~n !luttoda) ,tM<c arc m2ny prot· eo~~nt <hurchn "hteh come to our International Support NHded Now co>mmunliiC$ ,..,.h tM same diSCOUrse \'itor Guaram ~~~sthat tnt<ma A> th.- Je>u•t> "ho amc dunng thi: uonal suppon for J;tpupta< b needed 'dde:O\ <I") • of Brutl They arc lalling ....,..._ 'lamM<ctomakt'lhosdmuncu· ourrclt~.lollm~ourculture. \\rllh- tion 10 1M namt of our P<<'l'k I OUI Hultur.al idmlll), our pc.oplcwan· ~y mack W. d.'nunciauoo tn tM ckr tM I"R)I"a>~ and the strtttSoC!M t.:S ~-. tn IM u~' and tn IM CillO, dnnklng. ~n~ :and bring Otbers~tlw:~rcopmto>u• lhopcn.l1<ukd b) the "h•t< ~>··· stated tlw all or Amtnatt JI<X>Ct) gl\C' I» \ ator l"cnt) -one Guar.am-Kaiowa suppon m th" b) Kn.ltng lcucn to communnar> ha'c formed the assem- Jud&<' Pedro Rona an ~n Paok>. "h<> t> bly ulltd A~TI(.UASU todtSCUSS!Msc the Judge "ho "til dwdc, :and b) prolllcnu, rspccaally th3t ofland. \"nor pressunng tM Btalthan 1:0\'Cmtnent <•plains, •tf onet-ommunuy.saltead)• so that they don't vlol~tr our con•utu· lcjtlllilcd, the)' help the other who are tiona! nghts.lktwccn the 5of0ctober >till in lond conOicts.• Thts organiza· and last month they were 10 h~''c de· tlon will p~rtlclpnte later this month in marcatcd nlllndlnnlnnd5. but thiS hns fonnathm of a Statewide asscmbl)' to not happened. 11 f< "J)I'CSCIIl ~~~ lttdtl\CrtCtU peoples of $ M:uo {;t'O$SO do Sui. whh 1he hope that In aclclftlort to Marta Viwr Gtwrcml wtd the l.ttg« "xtlltlon will be able to more joao RapfNr, lrtfu"'t<tllon we~< flltl\'ldrcl l.ty cffcctlwly ptC>$Urc for land rtghts. the Nucleus for lndtg~niiUI RIKhl>. CIMI, and Ratnforot il<tacm Nclkclth Positive Signs In a l.lndm.Jrk clca>100, the Su· Y<lUr kilt" ore ntroncl) tlllf'<"· prcmc Federal Coun tn San P.tukl tc· UUil/<>riMGuJr<Utl·KilW..a PI<"'~ ccntl) dtsmlSO((( •local coun dCCISIOO »ntc JUdge Pcdr<> IWII<J o-klng that tn !J,oro>fthe ran.;htngcompan) S..ttin GUMaru 1.1r.d ,~g~u, ~ >f<IV'IcJ SIA to> rclo.:att tho: Guar.tna community of""'tcCcrros Add•tl0n31ly. the Conn Exmo. Sr DR PEDRO ROnA gramrd 1 pcuuon b)· the 1\ucleus £or TnbunaiRcp!NIFcdmlda l~ lndl#noi.IS lbghtJIO prolubltoncjudg<' Ru:> IJbcro Btadan>. n )(). Cmtm m \bto G,._, do <.ul from hearing 01009-000 ~ P.Nkl.'-1' ~~~a.-.1 co;&.>cJ tn,·t>h1ns, the Guar.tna.liin« C\'· &x: (5511) 35-'WQol or04'l0 Cl) one of htS <kcto;oonS 11;1-e fa,-ored ran.: hang mterc>tsand malted ma'ic· I'll= scnl CAlpc'\ ld tiOJU of thou..ind• of lnda:ltiS \'uoc Guaram "1,., nO«S 'It Sttms Exmo. 5r tlut tooc "'111 1\c, lk>pc for tM GU:II3ni OR .Jean \!.uros Ftrrdro tf "lub· ti cl«ted to tM prcsKimcy. J=l'edc.:alda I \'araoo\IJioQu;<.o tNt tMre '"II ~ JUstl« and rccognido Sui lk>n of lndliln LAnd> • Current opanio.., Ru:> Qu.lor.x ck julho. n 3~ poll' """' \\ orkcr)' candadat~ -:"9004-392 Campo> Grande, M'> luts IJ:Ila<>O •t.uta• dl S.h'a ";th a &=I <trong n.111oaul lc)(j 0\'Cr htS nearest ".., f1aull)· scntcn,cd Shonlythereaf· tcr, ltxal authonttcs allo"ed htm to flee the r~ TM Guarani ftm:cly rcstStcd :~>aon of thc!r land> unnl ~tng 0\"tt· "hclnwd 1n tM carl) pan of thJS cen- in,.,. =· "'"> � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Suicide Before Eviction Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marta Vitor Guarani Joao Ripper Nucleus for Indigenous Rights CIMI Rainforest Action Network Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Suicide Before Eviction Item Type Journal Article Author Marta Vitor Guarani Joao Ripper Nucleus for Indigenous Rights CIMI Rainforest Action Network Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 26-28 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous people of Mato Grosso do Sul face expulsion from their lands as ranchers supported by the government claim the land. Though the territories have been demarcated for the indigenous groups, they are still at risk of being taken away due to the complicated legal processes related to land rights. Many in the communities have resorted to killing themselves and more threaten to do so if orders for expulsion are carried out. Attachment Title abya yala p26-28.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Guarani Kaguateca Association for Displaced Indians Mass Suicide Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/ea9e065a0b7ca89f23439f6f9eb5e129.pdf 8ffb323a76c2cba8a02b495369e0350d PDF Text Text ENVIRONMENT & DEVELOPMENT Closing the Darien Gap? The Pan-American Highway's last Link by Alicia Korten (we do not want the Pan·Ameri Highway built through our homelands'. stntcs Lcopoldo llaporiso, chid of the 13,<100 Embcm·WounaanpeoplesofPanama's easternmost province, the Darien. I le states that th~ highways wit! CIIUW, ·m~•v• deforestation, immigrauon b)· outs•ders. an mcmJS<: In drug traffick· crs, v•olcnct and the loss of our cui· ture' In October of 1993. the Panam~· man and Colomb"m governments signed agreements to begin studies thnt they hope will lead tothe connectiOn of North nnd South America through the Darien Gap. If this I07 kilometer stretch Is butlt, the highway will run wtthout a break between Alaska and Atj;enurua's somhem tip. The O:mcn Gap is one ofthe world's mOSl b•oiQg~cally richndnfo~s and a cntical comdor between North and South American ecosystems for plant and wildlife. The area is home to roughly 40,000 mhabitants. includlnt: etm Alfcl<1 KorUro Is tiJC alSOCiaL< Jirwor of tho· Ct•tro for PIIP•Iar Ltgal ilssutanct's lndlg· rnou5 Program (CfAl.P) m Pa•ama. She,... ,;,; with the lnd~gll".<>US P~1t-i\mmcan lfoglotvay CclmniWWt! Vol. 8 No. I t 2 Rvc distinct Indigenous nations, Afri· c::.n-Amcricans, and m~tizo colonists. UNF.SCOdeclanid the Darien National 1'3rk, the largest in Ccntrnl America, a World Heritage Site an(llllos[ihere R¢· serve in 1981 and 1983 respective!)• beca1.1se of its cuhur:~l and biological di\WStty. The Colombian and Pnnamaman governments are explonng three dlf· fet't'nt routes..one along the P:loflc Co;1St, one along the Adnnuc Co..'\St, ~nd one through the isthmu~·s middle which would pass through the border community Palo de Lctms. The Palo de I euas ro1.1te is the shortest, least co$tly and most favored. All routes lY.lSS through Embera. Wounaan and Kuna temtortes. The Palo de l..etrns route cuts through the Indigenous communufes Pucuro. Paya. Cut>t. Aru~ and 01hers as well as through the Onnen National Park and the Knuos Pnrk m Colombia--both of whtch haw rcgulauons permitting the highway's consu·uction. Pressure to build the road comes primarily from South t\mericnn governments and industnes who want grtnter access to Nonh American m.•r· kets. Colombia. MeXICO and Venczt•ela are promotmg the highway'sconstruction most aggrcssh·cl)' due to a recent!)' signed f(ee u11dcagrccmcm. "The high· way ... will fncllhate trade of pem>leum, COltOn. cloth, iron, steel. and other goods between Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela.." statts juan Castancg~~. Colombia's Director of the MirusuyofForetgnAffitir'slatin Ameri· can~k Extending the Pnn-Amencan high· way is part of the Colombian govern· ments aggressive de,·elopment pack· age for the region. The Pacific Plan is a complementary mega-project aimed at opening the region to multiple fomlS or resource explottntion (seeAbya Yala. V. 7:3&4). The plan has gone through tnan)" t:eV\5\00.S StnCC US tmtoal draft in 1983. whtch ~tatcd that 'thise..xtensh·e region contains imme~ forest. fiSh· ing, ri•-er-and ~-b:tst:d mineral resources which the countr)' reqmres immediately.• The 1992 proposal how· ever, begins wn h discussion ofsustainable development and poverty allcvia· tion and then contmues with the prevl· ous goals of otl exploration, mining. largescale agriculture. commercial fiSh· mg and tourism. Together. these proJects thmuen 1he region wtth mas 29 �ENVIRON MENT & D EVELOPM ENT -- Sl\'e changc··changc whtch local pt0p1a frrl wtU dbpl.ltt thtar com· munmn and ck\btatc the ~'s C'ft\1ronmcnt lnc:h~tcnous pcol'lb far thc luglt- "~)' " ould cr.xlt the furcsu on whoch thr tr way of hfc dcPfnch by facthtaung the area's coloo mnllon and devclop· mcm In Oeccmlx:r of 199), over 500 delegates from dllfcrcnt Embcra· Wounaan contn>lmlllcs p.1sscd a rcsolunon Staling their 'rcjcCIIO Of the n PDn·American l lll(h" ~y·~construcllon th rough l ndt~:~rnou• tcrm orics I n P~n~na· because, ' the construct ton of the Pan-Arntne.on htgh"'11)' through our t~"'"'lldcauw ti'Kpaablrcbm- to our fornb. m crs. flor2 :and bmb upon,. hKh depend ou.r brotho-;, •nd 'l.>lcr- thc arumals and our n\-cr cuhu~ Thc "-OOncb ca~ b)· the ~em COfUIIUC1t<>n of the PanAnw-ncan htll)\w• > to suU fresh Thl$ C<'lblfll4t10n Cl~ the com·crston of our tcmu>ncs tnto tov.• p;t~tures and liulr by little the extinction of the b•oolv,·tl>ty of our lands.• Six indig••nou~ orwmiz,ulons in the Darien Gap hnV<' funned a co.1liuon calltd the lndt&cnous Pan-Amcncan • v.,,. = litgh,.ayCommt<•ICm(IPAHC)togam a \'OK'C tn upcommt ntj:Oilauons "We arc dcmandmg C>Ut kgal nghts tO C'On· ~uhanon rcg,mllnjlln)· plan,. the SO"" cm mcnt ha, for our anttstral bnds•, ~n Cl;&,mac C...rpoo. IPAHC. Coordan.uor Fund•"' for the 107lulomttcr hnk ntcr· 1$1\0l )-tt secu~ """~cr. thd Amcn(';ln ()e,ck,pmcnt Bank (108)"-111 1 P.mamo money to elaborate mmal 03n technical Sllldtc~ Mtd cm"romnentai imp.1Ct $tQtCntflll~ rhe 108 \\'111 also proV1de Colombtn S I.' mllhonto renoV the P3n-Amcnc.ut liighway seg3tc ment Medellin-1 urb<1, nn ~•stmgroad that requires lla\'ing to suppon intcrconttnentaltr.<ffll The Unned States J\O''Cmmem " ttl likely 1101 pro"de fundmg but m.ay ~uppon the pfOJCCI b) prO\t<hn& technical~. acconl"'' to Sl.&te !Xplnmtnt olrtcWs. lnd~ ptaple· uc d~ • n>· ou~ fundcrs from supponmg the protttt .,. 30 .. = Resolution of th• lndlg•noul Embers Wounaanand Kuna peoptu of Pan.ma at • Mtlonlll •ncounter to discuss exttntlon of th• PanAmericlm high..,.y on MJ!y 8. 1994. in tiHt community of Comun, eom.rc. Embeta-W-. AnN of C..maco. n1 t1uo1 8<Jono ji)""''S a... • .--1 "~an noc rm>a:n wl<ru \\. thcrd. .... raoh'( the"'"""""" • Fu>t R<)«t the Pr~" th:ot the P.llti%D3nl.ll\ .and Col.>rnbUn Go--.mmmt> ""' dlscu<SI~~&,.ithln tht Good :"'d;')tbor Co<nmissoon to Optn 1ht Dlr1<n (.tp b) bwlcltng 1h< f'm.Amrrl(,m li'Ch"'•l • S.Cond ll<nund tho '"'"'<d•~• U'JX1lSIOO of >tu.l~ hrtnll und.-n.~lu:n and tlul "tU be undfrL.Ikt"n h)• l~": Pan.un.mun .md Colomb1;1n j.tOV('mn\cnb, tu uprn the· 1),\ncn Cf.lp, whlc h tun,Ut\II('S C)u t T~tr1tonfs. • 1'hlrd· In thr (''"' tl"tt tilcy <'~lllhtuc to meet to dt>c:u•llhr Opt·nll\ji of the l),u1rn Gap. ""'demand the- JM<Iktp:nlc>n c>l hadtgcnous N>llons und.-r tqu>lconditi<lll',tO rl!'li!z< stud!<> and l'lro't~>rn.-nt PJ.ut-.. a S.diO!I.'lland lntcl1\.di(Jn.&l kwJ tlut rn.l) .•fleet our tcn'IIDtl, • Founh. I •pond ~llti) tht lndoncnou> Pm-Amcncm ti•J:h""> Corrunls$lon Io.ntn Gep),t., lndudttht lollov.tng a A mcmbermd.......,. Dl'theGtn<toiC"A!Wd>t.Sol tht Emhrr•·''"'"...., •nd Kuna b A rncmbu and o.\$btant uC l'ucum-1'••.. and the OnCC\Id. • Fthh. Dcm.1nd tho! the \! bltul n. .........., .~ ouch u the hlltr Amcnart Ot\clupuxmlbnk1108 tbt \\Crld IIW:Xld ethcD,IU>pmd a!l <miillorStla<holnd ~ tn rdloon IO tbt Opmin& ('( :b< J:>onm Wp and the poi\OC1patlon ol tbt lnd~nous s ......,.,n.n M.o"' •nd D<-"Ciopmrmll"rojtctstl= ..111:d!ra •l\lfltrrttones • S.X1h Rtqlldl th< 1n«m.ttl<>noll Communuy and 'i<alid.lnt)' Group; "' dtrt"""' tlut Fin.ut(ing J\g,·ndC' .uki 1h.: t\U\ilm.ll\tln :and Colomb1.m C'fO\·tmmtuh ~Lw te-al panklp.liiPII U1 tho lndlg>:IMOlS r<;,UIOI\S r~LnR pL\n, 1M th< rc~tWn Cactqut l<MI<k• V~ldc: Kuo.a Grn<r•l Cong""" Caciqut lcojloldu 1\'lpotu<> t m~ra-Wounaan ('o(lltrnl Congrt>& CaCl(Ju•• llrn)lnun C..lrct.:t Modus.>nd• G<:ntnll Congtt"!o Cactqut C•tlllft111 Ay•l.t Cacoqu< ol l'a)'a. For more inlmn•t ion <O<ILI<I a..tnm Cupi<•IPAIIC Co>onllNI«. HcrurHu.na<. ~ad,,..,. <ftmdon ~C"Mr<Ut:a ~Cmm>cl< \s:srftxil L<pll'opulu(O'AU') ''"""tado~c.-,_~ Elo-do hnam1.Tel:l50n 23~lSI h" U On MM29 or, .\hcu Konm. Aclrii<X 1PAHC/Ed lith 5L, .-\pi •), :-.;..,. \;,rir, 1\)' IO(l()llfcll f"" (212) 24l 1901 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Closing the Darien Gap? The Pan-American Highway's last Link Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alicia Korten Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Closing the Darien Gap? The Pan-American Highway's last Link Item Type Journal Article Author Alicia Korten Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 29-30 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer1994 Language English Abstract Note A proposed Pan-American Highway from Colombia to Panama would destroy important ecosystems and cut through lands of up to five indigenous communities as well as non-native communities. The Indigenous Pan-American Commission speaks up against the highway stating the irreparable impacts of other sections of the highway that have destroyed the livelihood of nearby indigenous groups. Attachment Title abya yala p29-30.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Darien Panama Embera-Wounaan Indigenous Pan-American Highway Commission Pan-American Highway https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/71eefac6d88b44413d2263ab4c3aa27e.pdf 4a2707a8da82d46e554f89e8326c73c7 PDF Text Text ENVIRONMENT & D EVELOPMENT Increased Oil Development Rejected in the Amazon Indigenous people throughout the Amazon ore increasingly discovering oil extraction to be om: of the greatest threats to their fond, health ond culture. In Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. central governments ore pushing increased oil ond gos development os o solution to their economic problems. Maxus oil company constructs now pipeline into the forests of the Ecuodori.an Oriente E.CUADOR: Indigenous Federations Take Strong Stand Against Seventh Round of Oil Leasing 0 or flooded forests and rainforest. That 53 me day. llcuadonan lndogenous peoples and euvoronmcmalists responded with a peaceful takeover of the ~1imstT)' of Energy and Mines. As a result. MiniSter Fmnc~o Acosta agreed to a me<ung with the Confederation of lndlgenou:. Nationalities of llcuador. CONAIE. opening the way n Janto 24, Ecuador's presi and vast ar~as nry dent fOm•~lly opened a new round of oil leases, which will open fh·e million ncrcsohhe rainforest (an grea the so of New jersey) to ze mtemnuonal oil comp.•mes. Included m tht lands affected are the territories ortheHuaoranl,Quiehu.1,Cofan.Shuar and Ashuar peoples, the planMd Sumaco and Galems National Parl<s. Voi. 8No. 1 & 2 for discussions on the fom1atlon of a commission to design and omplcmcm oil monitoring policoe$. In March. CONAIE and the Amazon regtonallndigcnous org.•ni;rnuon. CONFENAlE both Issued suongstatements no11f}ing the Ecuadorian government and tmnsn;uoonal ool compames that the Indigenous peoples in Ecuadorwould not allow the new round 31 �ENVIRONMENT & D EV ELOPMEN T "...the 150.000 Indigenous people who make up the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecua. dorian Amazon cannot guarantee...that oil exploration or exploitation projects in our territories will be able to proceed." of licensing to proceed. In an open letter to the Ecuadorian president, Edmundo Vargas President of CONFENAIE declared. ' The Ecuadorian government's lack of sensitivity round of licensing, "during which time the country can evaluate the environmental and social impacts of oil <levelopment. and Ecuador can implant policies for oil development which include defenseoftheenvironmem,respect for the ways of life of lndigenous peoples. and an integrated orientation of the countrywhichwillbenefitall Ecuador- the 150.000 Indigenous people who make up the Confederation of lndigenous Nation. lities of the Ecuadorian a Amazon cannot guarantee, neitherto the Ecuadorian State. nor to national or foreign investors paTiicipating in the Sev· emh Oil Licencing Round, thaLOil cxploration or exploitation projects in our territories will be able 10 proceed.~ regarding the position of the lndigncous peoples and evironmentalislS of the region; the lack of a serious natural resource managmem policy which addresses the present and future needs of ians." our country and particularly those of Vargas stated. "TheOirectiveCoun- lnformcuion Sll/1/)lied by CONAIE, the Indigenous nationalities of the re- cil of CONFENAIE, together with its CONFENAIE and the Rairiforcsr Action gion: the absence of adequate laws to member federations. has resolved that Networ·ll. • control national and foreign companies; the carrying out of economic projects within Indigenous territories b}' the government and privaLe comapanies without prior consultation; al1d the lack of indigenous participation in the decisons and benefits n April. Federal Judge Vincent L zation of Indigenous People of of these projects, clearly demonstrate Broderick ruled that iflndigenous Pastaza (OPIP) and support organithat the conditions and guarantees necpeople and others suing Texaco zations. the transnational oil comessary to extend the scope of petrofor irresponsibly discarding hazard- pany ARCOagreed to negotiate their leum activities in the Ecuadorian Amaous waste in the Ecuadoriann~in(orest plans foroilcxploration in the provice :zon do nol ex.ist. 11 CONAII; supported this position can prove that decisions regarding ofPastaza in Ecuador'sOrieme. OPIP COonjune9. Asecond adding. that they hold . 'the Ecuador- these operations were made at Texaco met,vithAR heaclquaners in New York, then it meeting should be occurring in Ecian St:He and pelroleum companies participating in the Seventh Oil Li- would be appropriate for the case to uador as this magazine goes to press. censing Round responsible for the prob- be heard by the US federal court in ARCO officially Slates that it bas not lems we have and for damages both to New York. The case was brought b)• yet made the decision to pursue exthose people who have lived in the Siona, Secoya. Cofan, and Quichua ploration in the Oriente's 'Block I0'. Amazon for thousands of years and to peoples and mestizo colonists who it has nevertheless, reached seven~! live in the zone affected by Texaco's preliminary agreements \vith OPIP. their environment.• operations. Indigenous groups point out that OPIP and ARCO agreed to establish Texaco's lawyers have asked the a techical commission which ,v;u the drilling areas up for relicensing are located in the headwaters of the Ama- judge to reconsider. If the case pro· include three represematives from ceedsin NewYorkcourt, it will set an ARCO and from Petroecuador and zonian river system on the Eastern slope of the Andes. Therefore an)•spills important precedent regardingrighlS six from Indigenous organizations of foreigners to bring US based multi- in the region. Thiscomol.iSsion ,v;u and toxic dumping--which have been nationals to trial within the US. ubiquitouscompanionsof previous oil CSiablish the guidelines for an Evaluactivities in Ecuador--could potemiltlly ation of Environmental Impact for Pastaza Organizations negoaffecttheentireAmazon region through the Exploratory Period, as well as its waterways. tiate with ARCO select which company will complete. !3oth organizations called for a fif. Under pressure from the Organi· the sllldy. teen )'tar moratorium for the seventh Case against Tex aco m ay be heard in New York Courts I 32 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ecuador: Indigenous Federations Take Strong Stand Against Seventh Round of Oil Leasing Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CONAIE CONFENAIE Rainforest Action Network SAIIC Board of Directors Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Ecuador: Indigenous Federations Take Strong Stand Against Seventh Round of Oil Leasing Item Type Journal Article Author CONAIE CONFENAIE Rainforest Action Network SAIIC Board of Directors Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 31-32 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note In the face of further threats of environmental destruction at the hands of oil companies, Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE) and Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon (CONFENIAE) occupied the ministry of Energy and Mines until Minister Francisco Acosta agreed to meet with them. The groups insisted that indigenous people be included in the decisions about what would be done with their lands taking into consideration indigenous needs as well as environmentalist concerns. Attachment Title abya yala p31-32.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Amazon CONAIE CONFENIAE Ecuador Oil Extraction https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/40e75df7c529cb8eac8b0d65e45be8e1.pdf 84c4e766edad785b7ea62872ad406df6 PDF Text Text EN VIRON M ENT & D EV ELOPM EN T "...the 150.000 Indigenous people who make up the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities ofthe Ecua. dorian Amazon cannot guarantee...that oil exploration or exploitation projects inour territories will be able to proceed." of licensing to proceed. In an open letter to the Ecuadorian president, Edmundo Vargas President of CONFENAIE declared. "The Ecuadorian government's lack of sensitivity regarding the position of the lndigneous peoples and eviromnemalists of the region: the lack of a serious natural resource managment policy which addresses the present and future needs of our country and particularly those of the Indigenous nationalities of the region; the absence of adequate laws to control national and foreign companies: the carrying out of economic projects within Indigenous territories b}' the government and private comapanics without prior consultation; and the lack of indigenous participation in the decisons and benefits of these projects, clearly demonstrate thattheconditionsand guarantees necessary to extend the scope of petro· leum activities in the Ecuadorian Ama- zon do not exisl." CONAIE supported this position adding. that the)• hold. ' the Ecuadorian State and petroleum companies participating in the Seventh Oil Licensing Round responsible for the problems we have and for damages both to those people who have lived in the Amazon for thousands of years and to their environment.• Indigenous groups point out that the d rilling areas up for relicensingare located in the headwaters of the Amazonian river system on the Eastern slope of the Andes. Therefore an)•Spills and toxic dumping--which have been ubiquitouscompanions of previous oil activities in Ecuador--could potentially affecttheentireAmazon region through its waterways. Both organizations called for a fif. teen )'ear moratorium for the seventh 32 round of licensing, 'during which time the country can evaluate the environmental and social impacts of oil developmem, and Ecuador can implant policies for oil development which include defenseoftheenvironmem, respect for the ways of life of Indigenous peoples. and an integrated orientation of the country which will benefit all Ecuadorians." Vargas stated, "The Directive Council of CONFENAIE, together with its member federations, has resolved that the 150,000 Indigenous people who make up the Confederation of lndigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon cannot guarantee, neitherto the Ecuadorian State. nor to national or foreign investors participating in the Scventh Oil Licencing Round, that oil exploration or exploitation projects in our territories will be able 10 proceed. ~ Information supplied by CONAl E, CONFENA/E and the Rainforest Action Netwotk" Case against Texaco m ay be heard in New York Courts n April. Federal j udge Vincent L zation of Indigenous People of Broderick ruled that if Indigenous Pastaza (OPIP) and support organipeople and others suing Texaco zations. the transnational oil comfor irresponsibly discarding hazard- pan)' ARCOagreed to negotiate their ous waste in the Ecuadorian rainforest plansforoilexploration in the provice can prove that decisions regarding ofPastaza in Ecuado~sOriente. OPIP these operations were made at Texaco met withARCOonjune9. A second headquarters in New York, then it meeting should be occurring in Ecwould be appropriate for the case to uador as this magazine goes to press. be heard by L US federal court in ARCO officially states that it has not he New York. The case was brought b)' yet made the decision to pursue exSiona, Secoya, Cofan, and Quichua ploration in the Oriente's 'Block I0'. peoples and mestizo colonists who it has nevertheless, reached several live in the zone affecLed by Texaco's preliminary agreements with OPIP. operations. OPIP and ARCO agreed to establish Texaco's lawyers have asked the a techical commission which will judge to reconsider. If the case pro- include three representatives from ceeds in New Y court . it will set an ARCO and from Petroecuador and ork important precedent regarding rights six from Indigenous organizations of foreigners to bring US based multi- in the region. This commission will nationals to trial within the US. establish the guidelines for an E' <aluation of Environmental Impact for Pastaza Organizations negothe Exploratory Period . as well as tiate with ARCO select which company will complete Under pressure from the Organi- the study. I Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Case against Texaco may be heard in New York Courts Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Case against Texaco may be heard in New York Courts Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 32 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note If indigenous peoples and others harmed by irresponsibly discarded hazardous waste from Texaco can prove the decisions regarding that discarding were made in their New York headquarters, the case will be heard by the US federal court in New York. The Organization of Indigenous People of Pastaza negotiates with ARCO over oil exploration plans. Attachment Title abya yala p32.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] ARCO Ecuador Organization of Indigenous People of Pastaza Texaco https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/3f6fb03e37847d5786cab7673f2c3f53.pdf 403f8276cfc1754cc9ca8bd68731997e PDF Text Text ENVIRONMENT PERU: Oil Development brings Death andDevastation to the Maranon & D EVELOPMENT "At this very moment the Rio M aranonand Rio N are totally apo covered with oil from shore to shore and in the next several days it will reach the Amazonas River.· Less thnnt.hree weeks after the pipe· causes of the spill.• AIDESEP also deline rupture, l'etropcru chief Miguel Celi nounced that the local and national press hod not covered th. sprll out of Rivera announel!d, at the newly opened e pressure from imercsts workmg to Pa)~Amazondrilltngsite,that.l'eru's secure foreign invcsunent crude producuon would be inci'C:ISed from 132,000 boncl.s/day to approxlGovernment Proposes Increases matdy300.000b.,rrelsldayoverthenext in Exploration and Extraction two }'CO~ as a result of increased foreign On 'M•1rch 30. as oil gu$hcd from investment. S\tch an increase would detre1>it pipes Into the Maml'lon, Peru- place Pel'\l's production on par with vian Presldcm Alberto Fujimorl was Ecuador (n former OPEC member), present mthc signing of n nal\lml gas which also produces close 10 300.000 cxplor:mon contractlxtween Petroperu barrels/day. ApproximatelrSO% of new :md ~L~ple <4s C<>rporatton of Peru a extraction IS pr<>poSed for the 1\nwon subsid1ary of the regJon. The already deteriorating 24 year Dallas b.'ISed Maple old Trans-Amazon pipeline would <:a IT)' Resources Corp<n':l· this additional burden as well. tion. This contract allows ford rUling to AIDESEP Begins M obilization evah.ratc the fellsibll· lf the government's oil development ity of gas explolla· program Is allowed to proceed, tion along the AIOESEP for~ massive destruction Aua)'lla m·er near of the envaronmem and lndtgcnous Ucayali In the etn· people of the Peruvian Am.uon. To tral forest reg1on. this point. the Peru,~an government The previous week, has refused to allow Indigenous orga· the J>cnl\1nn gov· nizationsn role in the decision-making emmcnt s•gned an process. AIOESEP is planning effqns agreement with to document the current situation and Royal Dutch Shell mobilize :m lnd1genous front in oppoforoUexplor:mon m sition to~,, drilling. Support tS desthe areas of perat~ly needed forthese.effons Thts Kashl)'ll.n. S.1n 'Mar· mobihz.ation holds hope that the In· communities! tin and Mlpaya. If dlgcnous people of Pem will be able to One week prior Spilled o il spreads quickly and discovencs i\Te avoid the environmental catastrophes tO the UPI article dovestates rivers and flooded rnacle, the company that have followed oil devclopmentln t\IDESEPstated .ln foresls in the Amezon a report sent to incould lond a 30 year countries S11ch as Ecuador. "!' tcm:rtional lndigenoll.5 and environ- lca5rng contract for exploitation in the mental organizations. •At this very regron In all, these new contmcts for~~C13f11«1: moment, the RiO MarMOn ~nd Rio could cover arens in the regtons of: ~!roD AmtOJldo CaslrD, Cot:mlmator, Napo are totally covered W>th oil from Purus, C.•masea.Aguaytiaand Pucallpa. AIDESEP. PrDgrama de l!mcrgcnclo shore tO shore and m the next several The Yme, Chip•bo. Conibo,Am~hunca. Ashtminha·Aldt:lq> • Ave. Son Eugmlo 981 days It will reach the ~mazonas Rlver•. Yannnahu~. Shar.mabua. Matsiguenga, URBSI'ACataluta.Ul VICtoria, Umo(l3) Peru They noted that eight pcqple had rued Cat:rcalbos, and Ashaninka peoples all /nfom•atfon supplr~d by AIDESEP mul as n result of the spill and that ' It is or Inhabit these: rcgr(>l\S, with n combined Edward /lummond, gradu111e student, th< utmost urgency to h'lwstigare the popul:otion of approximately 27.000. Unfvcrslty of TcxllS. April 14. Ul'l In lima, Peru reponed thdt the coumris trans-Amazon pipdinc had naptured two weeks tnrlicr. spilling crude from Occidental and Petroperu oil wells directly into the Marailon RIVer In the Peruvian Amazon. Petroperu technicians $Uiled that '10,000 barrels a day are spilhng becnusc: of the rupture and thntthc figure could Increase 10 30,000'. lndlgenouscommunltlesdepend on the Manflon and itS tributaries for rashing. drinking \YII(Cf. and t1'31'1Spor· l.lltlon. Mlqueas Mishnrl president or che Imercthmc Assoclm ion for the Developmen t or the Peruvian Amazon (AIDEPSEP} slllttd, "The government JSn't wor· ned about the effects or the spill on the lndinncommuniue.~.· and called upon President Fujimori to 'listen to us, to cake into acrountthat we exISt, to talk to the 0 11 Voi.8No.1 &2 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Peru: Oil Development brings Death and Devastation to the Marañon Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AIDESEP SAIIC Board of Directors Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Peru: Oil Development brings Death and Devastation to the Marañon Item Type Journal Article Author AIDESEP SAIIC Board of Directors Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 33 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note The trans-Amazon pipeline carrying Occidental and Petroperu crude oil burst spilling between 10,000 and 30,000 barrels of oil a day into the Marañon river, the main water source for many indigenous communities in the area. The Peruvian government has signed more natural gas explorations contracts for other areas in the Amazon. The Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Amazon (AIDEPSEP) raised concerns about the safety of such projects. Attachment Title abya yala p33.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Amazon Gas extraction Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Amazon Oil Spill Petroperu https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/db447d1fbb9497d1748523548194fb11.pdf d428b940ef90c1884d2e9f4b7b9798ce PDF Text Text H EALTH Report from The International Symposium on Public Policy and Traditional Health Systems Ottawa, Canada ndigenous people, doctoi'S, tracli tiona! and Western researchei'S from the divci'Se traditions ofAsia. Africa and the Americas met in Ottawa, Canada to discuss policy models and experiences, the revival of traditional knowledge and practice, biodivei'Sity and intellectual property rights. I The symposium, held on March 24 at the International Development and Research Center in Ottawa, Canada (IDRC) followed a series of related meetings such as the Pan-american Health Organization (PAHO) conferenceon ' Health and Indigenous People of the Americas' held with support from the IDRCin Winnipeg, Canada in April 1993. PAl-lO's Board of Oirectoi'S, made up of the Public 1-!ealth minislers from every lalin American counuy. adopted a significant resoltt· tion based on the recommendations of this conference. This resolution serves as an importanttool for indigenous people in each counuy when demanding the right to practice traditional medicine as well as official suppon for improved healthcare in our communities. The resolution approved on September 28. 1993 credined indigenous communities' as· Offerings being made to Pachamama (Mother Earth) in Jujuy, Argentina 34 pi rations for control over their institu· Lions and way of life, and their need to strengthen their own identity. It also recognized that indigenous communities have conlributed significantly to heahh & nu1ri1ion of society, and 1he maintenance of ethnic, cultural and biological diversity. The resolution also based itself in respect for the val· ues and social, cultural, religious, and spiritual prac1icesofindigenous people including those which are related to the maintenance and improvement of hcahh and the 1rcmmem of illnesses. PAHO urged member governments to PJ>ya Yala News �HEALT H promote lndtgcnous people's panici· pallon in all health pohcy affecting th~m; promote orprevention programs especially in regard t() the health of the indigenous people; assist in the evaluauon or the initJOtl\'t of the Health of the lnd1gcnous Peopleofthci\mericas; and to estabhsh an ex pen commission whtch would mclude Indigenous representatives and be charged with developing strategies and pn)jccts to improve Indigenous people's health care, Divergent perspectives on research policy Indigenous representatives and west em tesearchcrs ''olced very different perspcctl\·eson ~arch. Researchers from the Nauorul C.-mcer Institute m the Unued States described the 'Biodl\'ersuy l"ro)ect' in which the)• are ISOlating chemical compounds from medicinal plantS m the ~rch for a cure to cancer or AI OS . Their statement$ were mtic-ized by the indigenou~ representatives for not taking into uccoum the true Vlllue of traditional medicine which is based on an understanding thM a ctii'C is found in all aspect~ of the plant-not just in an isolated component Thts western model WllS also cmlcaud for us lack of spaitu.-'llhy. m the sense that a cure is not JUSI a b1ologtcalncuon but IS also a strrngthcnmg of the spirit, something which is nOt found 1n a chemical substance. lndagenoU5 people also voiced conVoi.8No. 1&2 cern over the exploitation of our medicinal plantS m order to serve the intuesu of dcvclopo!d coumries'and their pharmaceutical companies. This el< ploitation can I'C$\Jh in environmcn· tal dC\oastalion as well as destroy our communities' cultural and social st rueLure through the Introduction of a mercantile system. J\ c.1ll was made for <he development of teStnrch methodologies that arc ~) paniclpntOI)'. b) sensitive to the Indigenous cosmology and respectfuloflhclrtmditlonnl heahl1 S)'Stcms c) serve the needs of the local communities rather than foreign research Institutions or companies d) evaluate the CO$t efnclency of lf:lditional medtcinal systems based in social values and sptritualtradiuons not just on western values, and 0 to work within cth1cal bounds where research goals and uses are clearly stated. Official Health Policies In some t\s~nn countries such as Ch.ina and lndin, tmditlonnl medicinal practices have b<:cn preserved as a significant component of nntional health policy. Researchers expressed concern with respect tOthe mtegration of traditional and Western medicine, citing the ncgath·e imp.1c1 official regulations may have on tmditlonal pm~ticcs; as well as the possibtlity that the Westcm system could dommate the Other. The Cbmese and lndtan govemm<:ntS. for e.'<ample. removed cosmology and spirituality from trndltionl11 medtcmal practice. so as to regulate or u.se these practices at their convemence. Vanous ind1genous repn::sentau,•es expressed their preference for nn official posiuon of tolerance. which would allow continu;ulon of tmdnionol practices without direct governmental interference or rcgul11 Ions. There was a general consensus thnt social control over tmditionnlt>rnctlces arise in each community, as h has b<:en for thou· sands of years. Oesplte cuhuml dirferences. spirituality seemed to b<: the common 1hread uniting the majority of tmditlons. Spiritual, mecmal and phys1cnl \vell-b<:ing are integral componentS f~d together in traditional cunng practices. Traditional heahh S)'SltmS arc sctences in their own right and. tf they are to be understood, thiS basiC principle must be I'CSpo!ctCd. It isimpemtivethat indigenouscommunities and organizations continue to actively panic!pate In this process by analyzing and influencing the policies that arfcct all aspects of life In our communities . ..., n1is ar!lclt was based 011 rhe PAHO's 'Healrh of Indigenous PtopiN' and a rtport by jerry 8odtckcr. to whom we wi$h to txprtSS our gratfrutk. To rtctivc th( PAHO docum<nt • Hmlth of lndigtnOliS P<oples' H5SISJLOS-34. wnrc to: :S2S 2J Strw N. W.• Washington D.C. 20037, U.s.A. or the PAHO ojflc.c In )'OIIT CDllntl)•. 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Report from The International Symposium on Public Policy and Traditional Health Systems Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SAIIC Board of Directors Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jerry Bodecker Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Report from The International Symposium on Public Policy and Traditional Health Systems Item Type Journal Article Author SAIIC Board of Directors Contributor Jerry Bodecker Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 34-35 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous people, doctors, traditional and Western researchers came together in Ottawa, Canada to discuss policy and public health for indigenous communities. The symposium is one in a series of meetings including the Pan-American Health Organization. Views on research, health, and cures differed greatly between western researchers and indigenous representatives. Indigenous people rose concerns about lack of cultural sensitivity in health policy. Attachment Title abya yala p34-35.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Ottawa Canada PAHO Public Health western vs traditional medicine https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5f5525910f2eb385b13866e6e886a5cf.pdf 69a2eed7c6187abfbf60bb3c81e4427e PDF Text Text HUMAN RIGHTS Wave of Violence in Colombia takes Heavy Toll on Indian Leaders he Indigenous communities of Colombia have not escaped the alamling levels or violence registered in this country in the last few years. Man)' Indigenous communities have suffered the aftemlath of a lingering and irrelevant war between the army and guerrilla groups: 01hers. have been victims or the unrelenting struggle for land rights. The securit)' forces generally see Indigenous people as poten· tial guerrilla collaborator and have directed arbitral)' deten· ·s, tions. tortures. dis.."l.ppcar3ncesal'ld murders against them. In addition to preexisting ~~nd struggles. Indigenous efforts to exerclse rights under the new constitUlion, especially admin istnuion of government funds, have drawn violem opposillon from traditional power groups. This )'ear se''eral cases have been added to the already long list of crimes against the Indigenous population of Colombia. Assassination in Southern Colombia Amnesty International re· pons that, the body or well· known Indigenous leader Laureano lnampue was found in 1he San juan River on May 6. near his home in the G«achucallndigenous reserve in the department of Narino. According to wimc;sses. he was vio· lemly removed from his home b)' heavily armed men in military uniform. His captors claimed the)' were detaining him for interrogation by the local battalion's commander. Family members were unable to obtain any infonnation regarding his whereabouts from local amhorities. He was found dead a day later. h)ampue had been threatened previously because or his work to recover Indigenous lands. Senu Activists Killed in Land Struggle Three Senu Indigenous activists, Clemente Mendoza, Hernando Solano and Fernando Alvarez Conde. were mur· de red during the momhs of February and March in Northern Colornbia in the community of Ascrradero. Municipality of Purisima. Department of Cordoba. According to local reports. they were engaged in attempts 10 recover lands of the Gran Resguardo de San Andres de Sotavento through a land title given by the Spanish crown three cemuries ago. ''Tireless" Activist Killed in Tolima On May 15. ON!Cdenounced that Yesid Bocanegra Mnninez was shot to death by gunmen in the town of Colaima, department of Tolima. Omar Mendoza vice-president of Tolima's Indigenous council also received three gunshot wounds in the auack, and remains hospitalized. Bocanegra was described by ONIC as a ' tireless fighter for our cause•. Indigenous communities throughout the country are llO\ V on alen rearing thal a second major wave of violence will follow attempts by Indigenous communities to exercise their T 4 new constitmional rights. (See •Arter the Constitution" in this ONIC Leaders Assassinated for Demanding issue) ~ Compliance with the Constitution On March 26, four Senu Indigenous leaders were murdered on the outskirts of the municip:llity of San Andres de l>iformation supplied by National Indigenous Organization of Sotavento. The four were intercepted at 12 o'clock in the Colombia (ONIC). night, by unknown assailants while riding in a van belonging Please send letters urging the Colombian government 10 to the community. Theempt)' bumcd van was discovered with provide adequate protect,on to Indigenous leaders exer<:ismg bloodstains inside. The next day, the lifeless bodiesofl'orfirio Ayala Mendoza. Alternate Secretary of the ONIC, nominated the~r eonstltutionru rights, that these kiUings be immediately for 1993-1997 during last September's National Indigenous investigated and that those responsible be held accountable to: Congress: Hector Aquiles Malo, Chief of the Gran Resguardo $thor l'rtsident< Ctsm·Gaviria T> "Ujillo, Pl~sfdentc de Ia Republica. de San Andres de Sotavemo; Luis Arthur Lucas, Senu leader. Palaclo de Nari~o. Santaft <I<; Bogot<l, Colombia. and ex-General Secretary of the ON IC from 1968 to 1990; and Fax: 011 57 I 286 7-134/287 7939. Cesar Mendoza Cruz the vehicle's driver. Indian groups see these murders as manifestations of traditional power groups With copies 10: opposition to Indigenous communities' ane1npts to exercise Ambas<adorGabnd Silva, EmbassyofColombia,21181;;roy PI.l'.IV, ' new constitutional rights to manage t.. o:tx revenue and invest- \Vashingwn, DC. 20008. and: ONIC, M 32395. 8og()!d, Colombia. ment for their regions. 36 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wave of Violence in Colombia takes Heavy Toll on Indian Leaders Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SAIIC Board of Directors National Indigenous Organization of Colombia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Wave of Violence in Colombia takes Heavy Toll on Indian Leaders Item Type Journal Article Author SAIIC Board of Directors National Indigenous Organization of Colombia Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 36 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous leaders in Colombia have been under attack and subject to disappearances, torture, arbitrary detention, and even murder due to their struggle for rights granted to them in the Constitution. Attachment Title abya yala p36.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Colombia Indigenous assassination ONIC San Andres de Sotaveno Senu Tolima