1 12 20 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/9057ae59143b6d50871701019eeb5827.pdf 6e6a2c8a1a11e26b50cc452abd5c2b37 PDF Text Text SAIIC hosts "The South American Indian Update" the first Friday of each month at 8:00P.M. on KPFA (FM94.1) in northern California. The program includes interviews with South American Indians regarding current issues, an update of recent events in South America from an Indian perspective, and traditional and modern South American Indian music. Listen in. If you are beyond our range, you can order a cassette of the latest program from SAIIC by sending $8.00 to: American Friends Service Committee/ SAIIC, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707. INTERVIEW WITH NILDA CALLANAUPA, QUECHUA FROM PERU SAIIC was fortunate to be visited by Nilda Callanaupa, who was in the United States to participate in the Handweavers Conference held in San Jose. Nilda is a weaver from the community of Chincheros, about a day's walk from the city of Cuzco, Peru. SAIIC: Do the people in your community use what is woven there? NILDA: Yes, especially the mantas. The women use them all the time. Women use them daily. One wraps the baby; one is to keep you warm from the cold mountain air; and one is for Agnes Tso, Navajo weaver and teacher carrying the baby or other things on your back. So women use three mantas every day. And each at Hintil Kuu Co, the American Indian woman weaves her clothing. pre-school in Oakland, with Nilda Callanaupa (right). Photo: S. Lobo SAIIC: Can you tell us about your family? NILDA: My father was a peon on a hacienda. He had a small piece of land, but he had to work for a hacienda to be allowed to work his land. When Velasco became president in 1968, he reduced the size of some of the haciendas, and my father was fortunate to be freed of this system. He tells many things He suffered terribly because of the hacienda owners. For about life on the haciendas. example, my father had to work from six in the morning until six in the evening, and it was two hours to walk from home to where he worked, all of it up a steep hill. At night he returned home exhausted; he slept a few hours and had to return to work. And the best sheep and cattle went to the hacienda owner. He could just say, "This one and this one is for me." The situation was incredible under the hacienda system. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 9 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "The South American Indian Update" Radio Show Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title "The South American Indian Update" Radio Show Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (9).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 9 Abstract Note SAIIC hosts "The South American Indian Update" the first Friday of each month at 8:00P.M. on KPFA (FM94.1) in northern California. NILDA CALLANAUPA Peru Radio Program https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/49086343553aa55809c20abb1f4e5562.pdf d90bf4949bc2568826552618900fb463 PDF Text Text SAIIC: What are the current issues that your community faces? NILDA: Now the people from the city of Cuzco want to construct an airport in the valley where Chincheros is located. The business people of Cuzco want the airport constructed without giving any importance to the people of Chincheros. Our town and lands will be destroyed. But now more and more, we Indians are becoming organized, so we can fight and resist these things such as the airport. Before, the Indian people were like a kind of slave or employee who was worth nothing, who shouldn't ask questions or give opinions to those who were the bosses. But now this kind of organization has changed. SAIIC: What has made this change? NILDA: The young people are learning more year after year. SAIIC: Perhaps there will be a better future? NILDA: Yes, but who knows? Now with the economic situation, we don't really know what is going to happen. The devaluation is too much; it is incredibly exaggerated. In 1981 the sol exchange rate was 450 per dollar. Now it is 10,000 per dollar. It is an extremely grave problem. Every child who is born in Peru has debts from the time he or she is born. From the time he or she is in the womb, they have debts that can never be repaid by the time they die, no matter how hard they work. We have to work each day to repay these debts. It is an impossible situation. SAIIC: Do you have a message for Indian people in the United States? NILDA: Yes. It is a pleasure to give a warm greeting from a Peruvian Indian from the Cuzco area, from a very small community where there are many weavers and where we work growing corn and potatoes. ***URGENT BULLETIN*** The missionary Irma Cleusa, coordinator of the Regional Indigenous Council of Puru in northern Brazil, was found assassinated May 3. Indian leaders have accused local landowners of her death. BOLIVIA From Boletin Chitakolla (subscription $10; send a bank order to Sr. Eduardo Genaro Conde Quispe, Casilla 20214, Correa Central, La Paz, Bolivia): "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 10 �called during the coming year. In Bolivia, with six million inhabitants, it is calculated that there are almost 3 million voters. Of these over one million are unable to vote due to the absence of polling places and voter registration in rural districts, which means that over one million Indians will not be able to vote. In spite of many problems, Indian political action takes many forms. There are currently 11 registered Indian political parties: MRTK: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari PI: Partido Indio MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 1) MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 2) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 1) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 2) FIAT: Frente Indio Amautico de Tawantinsuyu FINA: Frente Indio Nacional MRTK-LN: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari de Liberacion Nacional MRRK: Movimiento Revolucionario Restaurador del Kollasuyu." MOVIMIENTOS INDIOS Y ELECCIONES NACIONALES Also from Boletin Chitakolla: "It has been more than two hundred years since the wars of Indian liberation led by Tupak Amaru and Tupak Katari. A war of liberation ends when the cause of justice triumphs, or when the enemy totally destroys the people. "Consequently, it is clear that the Indian war of liberation continues. Obviously we no longer live in the 1800's. There now exist new conditions at the national and international level. The forms of domination have changed, but the essence is the same: in this country there does not exist a truly free nation that is independent, proud of its past, and with political sovereignty. Tupak Katari wisely saw into the future when, before he was executed, he announced the triumph of the Indian cause: "Me alone you will kill, but tomorrow I will return, and I will be millions. 11 CHILE The Huilliches (peoples of the south) live in the provinces of Osorno and the island of Chiloe in southern Chile. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the subsequent formation of the Chilean state, this area was called Butahuillimapu, the big land to the south. For centuries, the Huilliches were subject to the Spanish crown, and Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 1 '! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Bolivia Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (10-11).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 10-11 Abstract Note "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be called during the coming year. Bolivia Elections H. Siles Suazo https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/8d346a3a023d79f893766bf2068987d3.pdf 8dc329f2debef1ff3272370610061e07 PDF Text Text ------------------- struggle has always been the domain of land. Land for us is Mother Earth, she which gives us life, the base of our existence, the base of our economy, and no people, no country, can continue to live without land. That is why we fight, for our land." The Jornada sabre Oescriminacion will be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 1922. It is sponsored by the Secretaria de Lucha Contra el Racismo of the World Council of Churches. For more information contact Yvone Quiroga, Cotagaita 1887, Ramos Mejia 1704, Buenos Aires, Argentina. With the recent transition to civilian government after twentyone years of military rule in Brazil, there has been hope in Indian communities that administrators sympathetic to Indian concerns would be appointed to FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs. However, according to the latest issue of Poratim (subscription $15; send a bank order to CIMI/PORATIM, Edificio Venancio III, Sala 310, Caixa Postal 11-1159, CEP 70084, Brasilia, OF, Brasil), it now appears that an accountant who rose through the FUNAI bureaucracy during military rule will occupy the top position in the agency for the immediate future. Poratim suggests this reflects both the priorities of FUNAI, 75% of whose budget is consumed by the salaries of the agency's employees, as well as the slow pace of change that can be expected from the new government. Another important issue on the horizon in Brazil is the apportionment of seats in the assembly which is to be elected next year to write a new constitution. Indian groups say they should be able to select Indian representatives to the assembly independently of the national political parties. They intend to promote the concept of Brazil as a Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 15 �multiethnic federation where Indian nations can remain largely autonomous from other constituents. Poratim also reports that 14 Indian groups have occupied a site in the state of Mato Grosso to block construction of a hydroelectric dam which will destroy a sacred waterfall of the Kayabi people. Work on the project began in 1983 with the construction of a road to the remote area on the Peixe River and barracks for some 3,000 workers who will build the dam. In 1984 preparation work was halted by lack of funds, and in March, 1985, Indians occupied the site in anticipation of renewed funding. They have expelled the caretaker left by the construction company, barricaded the road to the site, and burned one of the barracks. A commission has been established by the federal government to consider the Indians' demands, which include a permanent halt to construction of the dam, repeal of the law authorizing construction, and addition of the area around the waterfall to the officially-recognized domain of the Kayabi people. The Kayabi and neighboring Apiaka people have resisted encroachment by non-Indians at least since the arrival of rubber prospectors in the early twentieth century. About half the Kayabi were relocated to the large Xingu reserve in the mid-1960s. Representatives of the relocated group joined in the occupation of the construction site and expressed their desire to return to their traditional home. The dam will generate electricity for three small non-Indian settlements. Indians have suggested that a larger waterfall downriver from the Kayabi falls on a farm belonging to the governor of Mato Grosso would be a more appropriate site for the dam. The Jornal Indigena (Rua Caiubi, 126; Perdizes 05010; Sao Paulo, S.P., Brasil), which is published by the Union of Indigenous Nations (Uniao das Nacoes Indigenas), also reports extensively on Indian groups in Brazil. The editors are Ailton Grenak and Alvaro Tukano. DAYS TO REMEMBER May~ 1809 The pro-English governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay established the Triple Alliance and declared war on Paraguay to destroy the newly-formed Paraguayan state that was headed by Francisco Solano Lopez. Lopez had declared Paraguay a country that would stand independent in the face of external powers such as England and France. The armies of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay invaded Paraguay, defeated the Paraguayan army, killed Solano Lopez, and took a large portion of Paraguayan territory. In this tragic war hundreds of Mapuche Indians who were recruits in the Argentina army and many Paraguayan, Brazilian, and Uraguayan Indians died. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Brazil Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (15-16).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note Radio program. "There has been hope in Indian communities that administrators sympathetic to Indian concerns would be appointed to FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs." Pages 15-16 Brazil Edificio Venancio III Poratim Radio Program https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7a1b87a344b30bfe466b139ed7808f93.pdf 32ec2ee4e236d892db856a6a81541a02 PDF Text Text called during the coming year. In Bolivia, with six million inhabitants, it is calculated that there are almost 3 million voters. Of these over one million are unable to vote due to the absence of polling places and voter registration in rural districts, which means that over one million Indians will not be able to vote. In spite of many problems, Indian political action takes many forms. There are currently 11 registered Indian political parties: MRTK: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari PI: Partido Indio MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 1) MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 2) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 1) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 2) FIAT: Frente Indio Amautico de Tawantinsuyu FINA: Frente Indio Nacional MRTK-LN: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari de Liberacion Nacional MRRK: Movimiento Revolucionario Restaurador del Kollasuyu." MOVIMIENTOS INDIOS Y ELECCIONES NACIONALES Also from Boletin Chitakolla: "It has been more than two hundred years since the wars of Indian liberation led by Tupak Amaru and Tupak Katari. A war of liberation ends when the cause of justice triumphs, or when the enemy totally destroys the people. "Consequently, it is clear that the Indian war of liberation continues. Obviously we no longer live in the 1800's. There now exist new conditions at the national and international level. The forms of domination have changed, but the essence is the same: in this country there does not exist a truly free nation that is independent, proud of its past, and with political sovereignty. Tupak Katari wisely saw into the future when, before he was executed, he announced the triumph of the Indian cause: "Me alone you will kill, but tomorrow I will return, and I will be millions. 11 CHILE The Huilliches (peoples of the south) live in the provinces of Osorno and the island of Chiloe in southern Chile. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the subsequent formation of the Chilean state, this area was called Butahuillimapu, the big land to the south. For centuries, the Huilliches were subject to the Spanish crown, and Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 1 '! �latsr tc the Chilean state. Last March, the Chief Council of Butahuillimapu met in San Juan de la Costa to discuss the current situation and take action regarding human rights. The outcome of this meeting was a statement condemning the eviction of many Huilliche families from the lands on which they had always lived. As they do not have legal titles to these lands, the military government sells them to large landowners or transnational corporations after evicting the Indian people living there. The Chief Council blames the government for these violations, demands an immediate end to the evictions, demands the recognition of Indian land, and demands the recognition and respect of the Chief Council, the traditional authority. March 28 the Second National Assembly of the Mapuche Cultural Centers was held in Temuco. Representatives from the regions of Cautin, Malleco, Valdivia, Bio-Bio, Arauco, A new board of directors was elected. Some of Concepcion, and Santiago participated. the principal members are: President: Pedro Nancupil; Vice-president: Juan Lincopi; Secretary: Floriano Quinihual. One of the forms of repression used by the military government of General Pinochet in Chile is that of placing leaders of opposing organizations in internal exile in faraway or desert areas for long periods of time. Last March, two Mapuche leaders, Rosamel Millaman and Jose Santos Millao, were placed in internal exile in northern Chile for a period of 90 days. Please send Once again, the Mapuche and Huilliche peale need your solidarity. letters expressing your concern over the continuous violations of Human Rights and the Ancestral Rights of Mapuche and Huilliche people to: Sr. Coronel Miguel Espinosa G. Intendente de la IX Region Temuco, Chile Sr. Ministro del Interior Ricardo Garcia Rodriquez Edificio Diego Portales Santiago, Chile ***URGENT BULLETIN*** SAIIC has just received word that Mapuche leader Rosamel Millamanco Trecananco was detained by government authorities May 28 in the community of Panquipilli. He is being held incommunicado. Please direct letters or telegrams to the Minister of the Interior expressing concern for his welfare and calling for his immediate release. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 12 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chile and the detainment of Rosamel Millamanco Trecananco Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Chile and the detainment of Rosamel Millamanco Trecananco Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (11-12).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note "It has been more than two hundred years since the wars of Indian liberation led by Tupak Amaru and Tupak Katari. A war of liberation ends when the cause of justice triumphs, or when the enemy totally destroys the people. Pages 11-12 Chile Huilliches island of Chiloe Osorno https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7b15d113c66e07a14957884a5e3145c4.pdf 237d7c278add9e2fb517f4a9fdf559af PDF Text Text multiethnic federation where Indian nations can remain largely autonomous from other constituents. Poratim also reports that 14 Indian groups have occupied a site in the state of Mato Grosso to block construction of a hydroelectric dam which will destroy a sacred waterfall of the Kayabi people. Work on the project began in 1983 with the construction of a road to the remote area on the Peixe River and barracks for some 3,000 workers who will build the dam. In 1984 preparation work was halted by lack of funds, and in March, 1985, Indians occupied the site in anticipation of renewed funding. They have expelled the caretaker left by the construction company, barricaded the road to the site, and burned one of the barracks. A commission has been established by the federal government to consider the Indians' demands, which include a permanent halt to construction of the dam, repeal of the law authorizing construction, and addition of the area around the waterfall to the officially-recognized domain of the Kayabi people. The Kayabi and neighboring Apiaka people have resisted encroachment by non-Indians at least since the arrival of rubber prospectors in the early twentieth century. About half the Kayabi were relocated to the large Xingu reserve in the mid-1960s. Representatives of the relocated group joined in the occupation of the construction site and expressed their desire to return to their traditional home. The dam will generate electricity for three small non-Indian settlements. Indians have suggested that a larger waterfall downriver from the Kayabi falls on a farm belonging to the governor of Mato Grosso would be a more appropriate site for the dam. The Jornal Indigena (Rua Caiubi, 126; Perdizes 05010; Sao Paulo, S.P., Brasil), which is published by the Union of Indigenous Nations (Uniao das Nacoes Indigenas), also reports extensively on Indian groups in Brazil. The editors are Ailton Grenak and Alvaro Tukano. DAYS TO REMEMBER May~ 1809 The pro-English governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay established the Triple Alliance and declared war on Paraguay to destroy the newly-formed Paraguayan state that was headed by Francisco Solano Lopez. Lopez had declared Paraguay a country that would stand independent in the face of external powers such as England and France. The armies of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay invaded Paraguay, defeated the Paraguayan army, killed Solano Lopez, and took a large portion of Paraguayan territory. In this tragic war hundreds of Mapuche Indians who were recruits in the Argentina army and many Paraguayan, Brazilian, and Uraguayan Indians died. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 16 �.:!l.z. 1808 King Joao VI of Portugal declared a war of extermination against the Botocudo Indians of Minas Gerais and Goias which resulted in widespread massacres. Hostilities did not officially end until a century later with the establishment of the government's "Service for the Protection of Indians" in 1911. ~ ~ ~ 1781 This is the date of the execution of Tupac Amaru, who led the Quechua-speaking Indians of southern Peru in revolt against Spanish colonialists. In the main plaza in Cuzco, Tupac Amaru's tongue was cut out and his body was pulled apart by horses tied to his arms and legs. His family witnessed his execution and was then brutally murdered in the same fashion. Their heads where posted along the main roads to the city as a warning to other Indians. ~ ~ 1980 The Guatemalan army massacred more than one hundred Kekchi Indians including five children in the town of Panzos, Alta Verapaz. More than 1,000 Indians marched on Ponzos to obtain information from the Mayor on three missing Indian leaders as well as their land titles that had been promised by the government. When they arrived at the town square, they were met by 150 soldiers who local landowners had sent to Panzos from the military base at Zacapa. The troops fired on the crowd, killing more than 100, wounding 600, and sending others into the surrounding mountains. On May 22 a group of over 30 people working on indigenous concerns using film, video, and still photography met in Berkeley to discuss the prospects of sharing resources and information. Nilo Cayuqueo of SAIIC spoke, stressing the need for indigenous people and others to find means to work together on concerns that effect all humanity. Alvaro Vasquez of the Asemblea del Pueblo Zapoteco in Mexico described the video work he and others in his community are carrying out. He urged all those working with indigenous people to thoroughly examine their motives and methods to assure both that people with a shared vision, regardless of race, work together and that the results of this work represent a positive effort for the goals of indigenous people. If you wish to obtain more information regarding the Zapotec video work, or if you wish to lend much-needed support, Alvaro may be reached at Apdo. Postal 1137, C.P. 68 ODD, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. The next meeting of the group will be on June 19. For information about the time and place, contact Leanna Wolfe (415) 8413563. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Days to Remember Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Days to Remember Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (16-17).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note The pro-English governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay established the Triple Alliance and declared war on Paraguay to destroy the newly-formed Paraguayan state. Pages 16-17 Francisco Solano Lopez Paraguay Triple Alliance https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/579acb42bfa6ad95db0bb915b0c47ed2.pdf 28d496dc174d7b41cea9e51e72a8de26 PDF Text Text SAIIC: What are the current issues that your community faces? NILDA: Now the people from the city of Cuzco want to construct an airport in the valley where Chincheros is located. The business people of Cuzco want the airport constructed without giving any importance to the people of Chincheros. Our town and lands will be destroyed. But now more and more, we Indians are becoming organized, so we can fight and resist these things such as the airport. Before, the Indian people were like a kind of slave or employee who was worth nothing, who shouldn't ask questions or give opinions to those who were the bosses. But now this kind of organization has changed. SAIIC: What has made this change? NILDA: The young people are learning more year after year. SAIIC: Perhaps there will be a better future? NILDA: Yes, but who knows? Now with the economic situation, we don't really know what is going to happen. The devaluation is too much; it is incredibly exaggerated. In 1981 the sol exchange rate was 450 per dollar. Now it is 10,000 per dollar. It is an extremely grave problem. Every child who is born in Peru has debts from the time he or she is born. From the time he or she is in the womb, they have debts that can never be repaid by the time they die, no matter how hard they work. We have to work each day to repay these debts. It is an impossible situation. SAIIC: Do you have a message for Indian people in the United States? NILDA: Yes. It is a pleasure to give a warm greeting from a Peruvian Indian from the Cuzco area, from a very small community where there are many weavers and where we work growing corn and potatoes. ***URGENT BULLETIN*** The missionary Irma Cleusa, coordinator of the Regional Indigenous Council of Puru in northern Brazil, was found assassinated May 3. Indian leaders have accused local landowners of her death. BOLIVIA From Boletin Chitakolla (subscription $10; send a bank order to Sr. Eduardo Genaro Conde Quispe, Casilla 20214, Correa Central, La Paz, Bolivia): "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 10 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Death of Irma Cleusa Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Death of Irma Cleusa Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (10).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note Missionary Irma Cleusa, coordinator of the Regional Indigenous Council of Peru in northern Brazil, was found assassinated. Pages 10 Cuzco Death Irma Cleusa https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/4d11890cfc3fd139358df916933a5117.pdf 71dbc3e62180fe05079c850bf6983279 PDF Text Text ---------, Sweden and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples, that have been stimulating the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua and the Organization MISURASATA. We wish to extend special recognition to the Government of Colombia that hosted the two first meetings of this process." Mexico D.F., April 22, 1985 For the Government of Nicaragua, Comandante Luis Carrion. For MISURASATA, Brooklyn Rivera. *Preliminary reports on the May negotiations in Colombia indicate difficulties between the principal negotiators. SAIIC expresses the hope that the talks produce positive results soon~ EL SALVADOR The National Association of Indigenous Salvadorans (Asociacion Nacional Indigena Salvadorena, or ANIS) is conducting a campaign to force a trial of government military forces who killed 74 members of an Indian farming cooperative called Las Hojas. According to an article in the New York Times on February 25, 1985, leaders of the community say the attack resulted from a dispute between the village and "two large neighboring landowners who wanted access to the Indians' lands." The landowners enlisted the aid of local military forces by claiming that the villagers were supporters of the leftist guerrillas who operate in other parts of El Salvador. About 200 soldiers entered Las Hojas early on February 23, 1983, and dragged away Indians singled-out by hooded informants who villagers claim work on the neighboring estates. The bodies of those abducted were later found scattered in the surrounding countryside, most with their arms and legs tied together and bullet wounds in their heads. Although the identities of the army officers who commanded the attack are known, they have not been disciplined by the army or indicted by civilian courts. A lawyer for ANIS is quoted as saying that judges are afraid to pursue the case. "If they touch the army they will be threatened or killed." ANIS leaders have met with two presidents of El Salvador, the chief of staff of the army, the attorney general, and the United States ambassador in an effort to bring the killers to trial. Both the United States embassy and the Salvadoran government's official Human Rights Commission have conducted investiVol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC.@ 1985. Page 4 �gations which support ANIS's allegations. Although much of the population of El Salvador is descended from the people who lived in the area before the arrival of the Spanish in the 1500s, membership in ANIS totals only about 8,000 people. Indian traditions have diminished widely since 1932, when the military crushed a popular uprising in the western part of El Salvador by massacring some 30,000 people. Indian communities were primary targets of the assault, and many Indians subsequently abandoned traditional customs in an effort to avoid further repression. UPDATE ON GUATEMALAN REFUGEES IN MEXICO The Mexican government has announced its intentions to relocate over 30,000 Guatemalan refugees (those still living in recognized settlements in Chiapas) to the state of Campeche and Quintana Roo on the Yucatan peninsula by the end of July. In fact, forcible relocation has already begun. On May 12, 1985, the Mexican army moved into the camp of Media Luna and rounded up and evacuated over 200 people. They were taken to Quintana Roo with none of the usual rest stops en route. The refugees have consistently opposed relocation. Moving from Chiapas would mean abandoning the community and resources which have been painstakingly built over the past 4 years. Moving away from the border is a ·........· i threat to their culture ( and identification as Guatemalans and as Mayan indigenous people. The move symbolizes a permanent integration into Mexican society and giving up all hope of returning to Guatemala. For more information please contact the Guatemala Relief Project, P.O. Box 7197, Oakland, CA 94601, (415) 2615648. ·~- Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource El Salvador Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title El Slavador Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (4-5).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 4-5 Abstract Note The National Association of Indigenous Salvadorans is conducting a campaign to force a trail of government military forces who killed 74 members of Los Hojas. El Salvador The National Association of Indigenous Salvadorans https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7c19ea45ed4a79e749483c93b5cd438e.pdf fbedea414d1845b92054da53190c9c41 PDF Text Text .:!l.z. 1808 King Joao VI of Portugal declared a war of extermination against the Botocudo Indians of Minas Gerais and Goias which resulted in widespread massacres. Hostilities did not officially end until a century later with the establishment of the government's "Service for the Protection of Indians" in 1911. ~ ~ ~ 1781 This is the date of the execution of Tupac Amaru, who led the Quechua-speaking Indians of southern Peru in revolt against Spanish colonialists. In the main plaza in Cuzco, Tupac Amaru's tongue was cut out and his body was pulled apart by horses tied to his arms and legs. His family witnessed his execution and was then brutally murdered in the same fashion. Their heads where posted along the main roads to the city as a warning to other Indians. ~ ~ 1980 The Guatemalan army massacred more than one hundred Kekchi Indians including five children in the town of Panzos, Alta Verapaz. More than 1,000 Indians marched on Ponzos to obtain information from the Mayor on three missing Indian leaders as well as their land titles that had been promised by the government. When they arrived at the town square, they were met by 150 soldiers who local landowners had sent to Panzos from the military base at Zacapa. The troops fired on the crowd, killing more than 100, wounding 600, and sending others into the surrounding mountains. On May 22 a group of over 30 people working on indigenous concerns using film, video, and still photography met in Berkeley to discuss the prospects of sharing resources and information. Nilo Cayuqueo of SAIIC spoke, stressing the need for indigenous people and others to find means to work together on concerns that effect all humanity. Alvaro Vasquez of the Asemblea del Pueblo Zapoteco in Mexico described the video work he and others in his community are carrying out. He urged all those working with indigenous people to thoroughly examine their motives and methods to assure both that people with a shared vision, regardless of race, work together and that the results of this work represent a positive effort for the goals of indigenous people. If you wish to obtain more information regarding the Zapotec video work, or if you wish to lend much-needed support, Alvaro may be reached at Apdo. Postal 1137, C.P. 68 ODD, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. The next meeting of the group will be on June 19. For information about the time and place, contact Leanna Wolfe (415) 8413563. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Film, Video, and Still Photography i Expressing Indigenous Concerns Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Film, Video, and Still Photography i Expressing Indigenous Concerns Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (17).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 17 Abstract Note A group of over 30 people working on indigenous concerns using film, video, and still photography met in Berkeley to discuss the prospects of sharing resources and information. Film Nilo Cayuqueo Photographs Video https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/fd24a155b7e27bcbd5a22410e8e0ad7f.pdf 92686e223543f69db8610765d6df12cc PDF Text Text gations which support ANIS's allegations. Although much of the population of El Salvador is descended from the people who lived in the area before the arrival of the Spanish in the 1500s, membership in ANIS totals only about 8,000 people. Indian traditions have diminished widely since 1932, when the military crushed a popular uprising in the western part of El Salvador by massacring some 30,000 people. Indian communities were primary targets of the assault, and many Indians subsequently abandoned traditional customs in an effort to avoid further repression. UPDATE ON GUATEMALAN REFUGEES IN MEXICO The Mexican government has announced its intentions to relocate over 30,000 Guatemalan refugees (those still living in recognized settlements in Chiapas) to the state of Campeche and Quintana Roo on the Yucatan peninsula by the end of July. In fact, forcible relocation has already begun. On May 12, 1985, the Mexican army moved into the camp of Media Luna and rounded up and evacuated over 200 people. They were taken to Quintana Roo with none of the usual rest stops en route. The refugees have consistently opposed relocation. Moving from Chiapas would mean abandoning the community and resources which have been painstakingly built over the past 4 years. Moving away from the border is a ·........· i threat to their culture ( and identification as Guatemalans and as Mayan indigenous people. The move symbolizes a permanent integration into Mexican society and giving up all hope of returning to Guatemala. For more information please contact the Guatemala Relief Project, P.O. Box 7197, Oakland, CA 94601, (415) 2615648. ·~- Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guatemalan Refugees in Mexico Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Guatemalan Refugees in Mexico Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (5).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note The Mexican government has announced its intentions to relocate over 30,000 Guatemalan refugees (those still living in recognized settlements in Chiapas) to the state of Campeche and Quintana Roo on the Yucatan peninsula by the end of July. Pages 5 Guatemala Mexico Refugees https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/28c24aa303a3a578ab6c6e61253e4fef.pdf 66107ccad54d6d1f5eedb7bf52f97456 PDF Text Text IMPERIALISM AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE In 1966 the United States sent a special military force to Bolivia that included North American Indians. This secret mission used North American Indians to spy and infiltrate because they look similar to the Bolivian Indians. This special military force was instructed to hunt down Che Guervara and execute him. As a result, Che Guevara and many others were killed. Many Indian brothers from the United States are now being used in military activity in Central America. Furthermore, the Civilian Military Assistance (CMA), a private U.S. group, is organizing a team of American Indian Vietnam veterans to train some anti-Sandinista Miskitu Indians in Honduras. They will teach these Miskitu Indians demolition and weapons training techniques to fight the Sandinistas. Indian people who participated in these military actions often speak of their experiences in Bolivia and Central America and knowledge of their participation is widely known in the Indian Community. This type of military tactic is nothing new for American Indians. Historically, the indigenous people of the American continent have suffered genacide from the invading colonists. In many cases the colonists were successful in annihilating tribes because they utilized Indian guides and scouts supplied the conquerors with vital information The more information the conquerors obtained, the easier it was to obliterate these indigenous people. Per~ haps without such vital information and assistance from ~ Indian spies and scouts, the colonists may have never conquered many tribes. The exact reasons why these "sell-out" Indians or traitors assisted the conquerors is not known. Perhaps their behavior resulted from the confusion that the imperialists intentionally created to fragment the tribes and conquer them. Or these "sell-out" Indians may have been seeking revenge by utilizing the colonial forces as a weapon against their enemies. Or perhaps they desired a reward that would improve their personal livelihood. Today in the U.S., numerous Indians are recruited or voluntarily join the military. Many of these individuals end up in the combat portion of the U.S. military. These Indian youth are prospective candidates for the Central Intelligence Agency and other secret mercenary forces that specialize in killing people. For whatever reason, they enlist in the military, they are in general unemployed, young, and seeking opportunities to better themselves economically. Sadly, this is the situation of contemporary Indians and has made many indigenous Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 6 �people refer to the U.S. people (including Indians) as imperialists who come to their countries to kill and terrorize. We cannot deny this unfortunate title describing the U.S. relationship with other countries. However, many of us do not agree with the u.s. policies in Latin America and other regions. Indians in the United States have always been the victims of imperialism, and also suffer the contemporary threat of being divided and conquered. The F.B.I. and other espionage groups that have undermined the indigenous people continue to be a threat to Indians in the United States. If indigenous people are to maintain their tribal cohesiveness, traditional homelands, culture, and other essential values, it is a must to create solidarity with other indigenous people. We must counsel and educate youth about how indigenous people are manipulated by the military to obliterate other indigenous people. Hopefully, through a better understanding and awareness, such oppression and bloodshed will be eliminated. History has revealed to us how indigenous people were obliterated and quickly assimilated into the mainstream culture by the use of Indian scouts and spies. If this "sellout" behavior does not cease, we will loose everything we have, from the lands we occupy to the culture, and lives of many people. --James Muneta PERU Peruvian Indians are in the midst of a major crisis that is reason for renewed solidarity with their struggle against ethnocidal forces. As a nation, Peru is suffering under extreme inflation, and the effects of devaluation that the government has imposed in an attempt to pay off an international debt of over $13 billion. Indian people who represent more than half the population, and who most often suffer from poverty are are hardest hit by this extreme economic situation. The International Monetary Fund representing the interests of industrialized European and North American nations, and multinational interests, began making high interest loans to Peru in 1976. These loans are often intended for "development" projects, which often mean roads cutting through indigenous homelands and sacred areas for government and private industry access to timber, minerals, and petroleum. Another face of development has been the government policy of encouraging Quechuaspeaking Indians from Andean mountain villages, whose land has been taken from them, to settle in colonies in the jungle to the east of the Andes. Government officials in Lima do not respect the fact that these jungle areas are the territories of sixty different Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Imperialism and Indigenous People Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Imperialism and Indigenous People Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (6-7).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note In 1966 the United States sent a special military force to Bolivia that included North American Indians. Pages 6-7 Che Guervara Imperialism Indigenous Peoples https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/f33dcaf6bac1c80afa60f726b1693119.pdf afa74783cc590bebdc18ab7788a9dd7f PDF Text Text SAIIC hosts "The South American Indian Update" the first Friday of each month at 8:00P.M. on KPFA (FM94.1) in northern California. The program includes interviews with South American Indians regarding current issues, an update of recent events in South America from an Indian perspective, and traditional and modern South American Indian music. Listen in. If you are beyond our range, you can order a cassette of the latest program from SAIIC by sending $8.00 to: American Friends Service Committee/ SAIIC, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707. INTERVIEW WITH NILDA CALLANAUPA, QUECHUA FROM PERU SAIIC was fortunate to be visited by Nilda Callanaupa, who was in the United States to participate in the Handweavers Conference held in San Jose. Nilda is a weaver from the community of Chincheros, about a day's walk from the city of Cuzco, Peru. SAIIC: Do the people in your community use what is woven there? NILDA: Yes, especially the mantas. The women use them all the time. Women use them daily. One wraps the baby; one is to keep you warm from the cold mountain air; and one is for Agnes Tso, Navajo weaver and teacher carrying the baby or other things on your back. So women use three mantas every day. And each at Hintil Kuu Co, the American Indian woman weaves her clothing. pre-school in Oakland, with Nilda Callanaupa (right). Photo: S. Lobo SAIIC: Can you tell us about your family? NILDA: My father was a peon on a hacienda. He had a small piece of land, but he had to work for a hacienda to be allowed to work his land. When Velasco became president in 1968, he reduced the size of some of the haciendas, and my father was fortunate to be freed of this system. He tells many things He suffered terribly because of the hacienda owners. For about life on the haciendas. example, my father had to work from six in the morning until six in the evening, and it was two hours to walk from home to where he worked, all of it up a steep hill. At night he returned home exhausted; he slept a few hours and had to return to work. And the best sheep and cattle went to the hacienda owner. He could just say, "This one and this one is for me." The situation was incredible under the hacienda system. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 9 �SAIIC: What are the current issues that your community faces? NILDA: Now the people from the city of Cuzco want to construct an airport in the valley where Chincheros is located. The business people of Cuzco want the airport constructed without giving any importance to the people of Chincheros. Our town and lands will be destroyed. But now more and more, we Indians are becoming organized, so we can fight and resist these things such as the airport. Before, the Indian people were like a kind of slave or employee who was worth nothing, who shouldn't ask questions or give opinions to those who were the bosses. But now this kind of organization has changed. SAIIC: What has made this change? NILDA: The young people are learning more year after year. SAIIC: Perhaps there will be a better future? NILDA: Yes, but who knows? Now with the economic situation, we don't really know what is going to happen. The devaluation is too much; it is incredibly exaggerated. In 1981 the sol exchange rate was 450 per dollar. Now it is 10,000 per dollar. It is an extremely grave problem. Every child who is born in Peru has debts from the time he or she is born. From the time he or she is in the womb, they have debts that can never be repaid by the time they die, no matter how hard they work. We have to work each day to repay these debts. It is an impossible situation. SAIIC: Do you have a message for Indian people in the United States? NILDA: Yes. It is a pleasure to give a warm greeting from a Peruvian Indian from the Cuzco area, from a very small community where there are many weavers and where we work growing corn and potatoes. ***URGENT BULLETIN*** The missionary Irma Cleusa, coordinator of the Regional Indigenous Council of Puru in northern Brazil, was found assassinated May 3. Indian leaders have accused local landowners of her death. BOLIVIA From Boletin Chitakolla (subscription $10; send a bank order to Sr. Eduardo Genaro Conde Quispe, Casilla 20214, Correa Central, La Paz, Bolivia): "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 10 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Nilda Callanaupa, Quechua from Peru Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Interview with Nilda Callanaupa, Quechua from Peru Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (9-10).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 9-10 Abstract Note Nilda Callanaupa radio interview with SAIIC on her involvement in her community as a weaver and her everyday life as a Peruvian. Interview NILDA CALLANAUPA SAIIC radio program https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/f89edd240245dde692317ccadc6e7c1c.pdf 8ef6123b2d435fe149b361898b799e08 PDF Text Text NICARAGUA Representatives of the Nicaraguan government and of the Miskitu MISURASATA organization met again on April 20-22 in Mexico in order to find a peaceful solution to the conflict that has existed between them since 1979. SAIIC supports these peace talks, whose purposes are to avoid more suffering for the Miskitus, Sumos, and Ramas people of the Atlantic Coast, and to succeed in involving the Indian population in the revolutionary process while assuring their autonomy. SAIIC is hopeful that an agreement will be reached soon, keeping in mind the continuous intent of the Reagan administration to intervene in Central America and to destroy the Nicaraguan Revolution. The following statement was sent to SAIIC by the World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP, 555 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5): "The MISURASATA delegation was headed by Brooklyn Rivera and included Ronas Dolores, Delano Martinez Zamora, Samuel Mercado, Julian Holmes and Armstrong Wiggins. The delegation of the Government of Nicaragua was headed by Comandante Luis Carrion Cruz, Vice Minister of the Interior; Comandante Guillermo Omar Cabezas Lacayo; Comandante Guillermo Humberto Campbell; Dr. Mirna Cunningham; Dr. Augusto Zamora and Orlando Gonzales Ubilla. Observer-Guarantors were the World Council of Indigenous Peoples headed by the President, Mr. Clem Chartier and Vice-Presidents Donald Rojas Maroto and Hayden Burgess; Asuncion Ontiveros (CISA); Alejandro Swaby (CORPI); Louis Bruyere, North American Regional Council and Rodrigo Contreras from the Secretariat of WCIP. Also, Government Observer-Guarantors included representatives of Mexico, Colombia, Canada, Sweden and Holland. 11 In addition to the Observor-Guarantors, were indigenous leaders from the Six Nations Confederacy [Iroquois]; Confederation of Indian Nations from the Amazonas in Ecuador; Inter Ethnic Development Association of the Amazonas in Peru; the National Indian Youth Council from Alburquerque, New Mexico and the National Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Colombia (ONIC). Also present at the meeting was the president of the Moravian Church, Rev. Andy Shogreen." The following is an unofficial translation of a communique issued by both parties .. to the negotiations. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 2 �"The delegations of the Republic of Nicaragua and MISURASATA organization that have met in Mexico City April 20-21-22 of this year, giving continuity to the negotiation process initiated in Bogota last year, communicate to the people of Nicaragua, and to the international community, the following: "A) During the course of the conversations, maintained in an atmosphere of mutual respect, we have achieved concrete advances to the mutual understanding in the exploration of measures to promote peace and the well being of the people of the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua. "B) The Government delegation and MISURASATA, as they have not arrived at definite agreements regarding the fundamental issues to a just solution to the present conflict and as a consequence, pacification in the region has not been achieved between the Government Armed Forces and the MISURASATA Forces. They will continue discussing in future rounds such issues (land, autonomy, natural resources, total cease fire in the region, etc.) "C) Both delegations demonstrating good faith and good will to progress concretely in these negotiations, have established the following agreements: 11 1) To bring immediate relief to the present situation to the Indigenous Communities of the Atlantic Coast, and to create a more favorable climate to the continuation of the negotiations, the Government of Nicaragua and MISURASATA, establish: "a) The Government of Nicaragua will facilitate the reestablishment of medical and food supplies through its own institutions, as well as assistance to the communities by humanitarian institutions in coordination with the Government of Nicaragua. Also, we will facilitate the reestablishment of subsistance activities, (fishing, hunting, agriculture and trading) of the indigenous and creole communities affected by the present conflict in the region. MISURASATA will orient its bases to support and observe the realization of this agreement. "b) The Government and MISURASATA agree to avoid offensive actions between the Government Armed Forces and MISURASATA Forces, in this way to support the implementation of the commitment of the content in section a. "2) The Government of Nicaragua will extend immediately the Amnesty Decree of December 1st, 1983, to include all Miskitu, Sumo, Rama and Creole that are still in jails due to their participation or connection with MISURASATA or MISURA. This will take effect within seven (7) days after signing this document. "D) The next round of discussions will take place in the City of Bogota, May 2526, 1985. * "E) Both delegations express their gratitude for the hospitality and the facilities given by the Government of Mexico to the realization of the meeting. "As well, both delegations express their gratitude for the presence of the Ambassadors and Representatives of the Governments of Canada, Colombia, France, Netherlands, Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 19B5. Page 3 �---------, Sweden and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples, that have been stimulating the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Nicaragua and the Organization MISURASATA. We wish to extend special recognition to the Government of Colombia that hosted the two first meetings of this process." Mexico D.F., April 22, 1985 For the Government of Nicaragua, Comandante Luis Carrion. For MISURASATA, Brooklyn Rivera. *Preliminary reports on the May negotiations in Colombia indicate difficulties between the principal negotiators. SAIIC expresses the hope that the talks produce positive results soon~ EL SALVADOR The National Association of Indigenous Salvadorans (Asociacion Nacional Indigena Salvadorena, or ANIS) is conducting a campaign to force a trial of government military forces who killed 74 members of an Indian farming cooperative called Las Hojas. According to an article in the New York Times on February 25, 1985, leaders of the community say the attack resulted from a dispute between the village and "two large neighboring landowners who wanted access to the Indians' lands." The landowners enlisted the aid of local military forces by claiming that the villagers were supporters of the leftist guerrillas who operate in other parts of El Salvador. About 200 soldiers entered Las Hojas early on February 23, 1983, and dragged away Indians singled-out by hooded informants who villagers claim work on the neighboring estates. The bodies of those abducted were later found scattered in the surrounding countryside, most with their arms and legs tied together and bullet wounds in their heads. Although the identities of the army officers who commanded the attack are known, they have not been disciplined by the army or indicted by civilian courts. A lawyer for ANIS is quoted as saying that judges are afraid to pursue the case. "If they touch the army they will be threatened or killed." ANIS leaders have met with two presidents of El Salvador, the chief of staff of the army, the attorney general, and the United States ambassador in an effort to bring the killers to trial. Both the United States embassy and the Salvadoran government's official Human Rights Commission have conducted investiVol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC.@ 1985. Page 4 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nicaragua Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Nicaragua Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (2-4).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 2-4 Abstract Note Representatives of the Nicaraguan government and of the Miskitu Misurasata organization met to find peaceful resolutions to the conflict between them. Miskitu MISURASATA Nicaragua