1 12 29 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/6d3c7630bed18282b936fc34aacabeda ba40e946d1a24b79beea376034eabe86 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (18-22).pdf PDF Text Text the end of June, 1990. The conquest of the Amazon today is very clear. This land is under assault in order to exploit its mineral resources, its reserves of valuable timber and its great hydro-electric potential. The Indigenous people of the Amazon are confronting this conquest, and this is 1989. The Yanomami, the most numerous of the Indigenous people of the Amazon rainforest, are facing the loss of their lands and are being killed because they are viewed as a barrier to the exploitation of natural resources in Brazil. Thus October 12, 1992 presents a great opportunity not to celebrate, nor to cry about our bad luck, but rather to reflect upon 500 years of the European invasion and to formulate alternatives for a better life, in harmony with Nature and with human dignity. Our peoples are developing forms of political, religious, cultural and economic interchange and interrelationship - a continental cultural identity; a civilization. Nevertheless, with the European invasion and subsequent process of colonization, we became isolated and out of communication, breaking a form of development we had attained. So, it is necessary to re-establish these lines of communication, to present an indigenous voice, not only against the celebration of the "SOOth Anniversary," but to face up to the innumerable common problems that we have and work for a worthy future for our people. Therefore, we invite all Indigenous peoples of our continent to reflect upon the real meaning of the "conquest" and to participate in the First Continental Meeting of Indigenous Peoples- 500 Years of Resistance" to be held at For further information about the conference, you can contact SAIIC or write to: CONAIE Los Granados 2553 Batan Quito, Ecuador A Historical Look at Native Resistance in South America The following is excerpted from a position paper written by CONAIE for their National Program: "On October 12, 1492 a group of adventurers backed by the Kings of Castille and Aragon, and lead by Christopher Columbus, landed on our continent. Their arrival inaugurated the so-called 'discoveries' of territories in America. As is well-known, the Spanish conquest originated out of an extremely high demand for precious metals. This demand was �generated by a crisis among feudal European regimes, particularly in Spain. The 'conquistadors' income generating plan was also fomented by a singular understanding and manner of practicing the Catholic faith. With respect to this perception of Catholicism, in 1606, Simon de Villalobos, a colonial authority, asserted, 'when we kill or wound, we must be careful to do so in defense of the faith of our father, Jesus Christ. In his name and defense we can win the heavens, employing_the spear and the knife.' oppression. The official religion served the function of appeasing the 'conquistadors' consciences while becoming a tool for controlling the indigenous people. This was the case, despite the fact that only 45 years after the 'discovery' of America, the Catholic Church recognized indigenous people as human beings. The true role of the Church during this period, however, was questioned by Bartolome de las Casas, precursor of the Church committed to the fate of the poor ... These events have been interpreted in In effect, the various manners. To extraction and apthe hispanicists and propriation of gold eurocentricists, Octoand other riches by ber 12, 1492 signified the 'conquistadors' the 'discovery' of the was marked by 'new continent' and violence and based the possibility of on exploiting the bringing the light of civilization and the labor of the indigenous population. AdCatholic religion to ditionally, various the dark, 'barbaric,' forms of political 'primitive/ and domination and 'pagan' societies. cultural oppression This point of view were used towards dominated Spanish "Now, we feel that this is the moment to define these ends. In the and Portuguese joint strategies and activities to counteract the final analysis, the thought during the official campaign of the SOOth Anniversary." 'conquest' process sixteenth century. constituted a transSlight modification to formation, readaptation, and in some cases, a this line of thinking occurred during the first break in the traditional lifestyles of our half of the seventeenth century, a period peoples. However, the principal characteristics dominated by the Dutch, and has been susof this process was the death of a huge portion tained to this day by the Anglo Saxon English, of the indigenous population. and later the North Americans, during the first decades of the twentieth century ... The use of such violence was not an isolated event. To the contrary, violence The Indo-american people expressed constituted one of the more visible aspects of many forms of resistance to colonial dominathe process of political domination and cultural tion. All focused on the same objective how- �ever; the end of colonial rule. In this manner, the numerous peoples existing in the Americas at the time of its conquest were able to strengthen their commitment to unity while confronting the foreign 'conquistadors.' Within this ethnic and hierarchical order, the African peoples brought to the Americas during the slave trade, as well as certain sectors of the white/mestizo society, were included in the system of exploitation installed by the agrarian, neo-colonial regime. The fact that they are also victims of an exploitative system prompted many to join in the diverse forms of resistance initiated by the indigenous peoples. This understanding of the need for unity has brought about permanent conspiracies and uprisings against the colonial regimes, constituting the most definitive expression of the relative autonomy of the indigenous world with respect to colonial society. The indirect This resistance assumed new form and control exercised by .----:::-:::-=-::--::---...,~---::-~""0:""~::-:-:=:-::;, content as the nation the crown over states went about deindigenous societies fining themselves in permitted, to a the politicat admincertain extent, the istrative, and judicial preservation of the spheres, along with indigenous world. establishing iron-dad Our historical consystems of tribute sciousness, linguistic and imposing and territorial idensubmission to the tity, as well as certain eclessiastical strucaspects of the traditure. Given the tional productive situation, uprisings process, rituals and focused on changing religion, are among the harsh forms of the areas remaining intact. exploitation on a local basis, while contributing to a strengthening of an autonomous spirit From this point of view, the overthrow among our peoples. of the Spanish colonial regime can be primarily attributed to the anti-colonial uprisings of the On the other hand, the efforts to indigenous peoples. These uprisings began establish an official, dominant culture on the towards the end of the seventeenth century, part of the Creole elites were thwarted by the taking hold in the most important productive, continual renewal of, and adherence to our administrative and commercial centers of the historical consciousness, and the living eleSpanish Empire. Thus, the Creoles' efforts toments of our cultural identity. For this reason, wards independence constituted little more resistance was also focused on continual apprethan the epilogue in a process stemming from ciation of our peoples and their cultures over the anti-colonial mentality of the indigenous the threats of the modernization of our tradipeople ... tional agrarian society. ~ l\ �During this process, the struggle for land became one of the most important issues in our understanding of identity and autonomy. The land holds a fundamental place in our daily life, in our sacred vision of the world and the heavens. Thus, the peoples who have inherited the traditions of the high, agrarian, Indoamerican civilizations of North, Central and South America, along with the various people with whom they coexist, and who coexist with them, are comitted to protecting and glorifying our long trajectory of resistance to regimes characterized by economic exploitation and political domination ... l \\ Due to the fact that Ecuadorian, and Latin American society in general, have promoted modernization and development processes, their colonial heritage has not been overcome. Indians, Blacks and Mestizos are still subjected to exploitation and oppression. Economic and social differences, as well as racial discrimination, continue to be the norm in some countries. In many cases these practices have reached ethnocidal and genocidal proportions. The concept of 'Indian,' originating during colonial times, characterizes the Indian as different and inferior to the white European. This concept has endured to date. The indigenist practices advocate for the 'redemption of the Indian' via his integration into the national society. This policy has failed to solve the fundamental problems confronting our peoples. Despite certain predictions to the effect that industrial society would necessarily lead to the extinction of the Indians, the indigenous peoples have risen again. We have become stronger in our struggle to recover what is legitimately ours and formulate an alternative political project aimed at building a new society. In this manner, indigenous nationalities have comprised the most important nucleus of the future society, as well as of a Plurinational State. The political proposal for a Plurinational State does not seek to build 'separate states' as insinuated by some sectors of society in the hopes of engendering fear within the population. To the contrary, the idea is to reflect the reality of the country in terms of cultural and national diversity, recognizing these differences and establishing social, political and economic equality ... From this perspective, we have moved forward in our organizational and political activities to such an extent that at present we �are one of the most representative organized social forces. Along these lines, we have not only had a bearing on the restructuring of the national scene, but have also infuenced the formulation of political parties' programs, and national governments. On the other hand, efforts by indigenous peoples, along with the political projections of their organizations, have been fundamental factors in defining the diverse historical and cultural identities of the peoples comprising American society. Along the same lines, the establishment of a Plurinational State presupposes the recovery of our true historic and cultural roots, and of our identities as peoples with a history and a future. 1992 marks 500 years of the Spanish invasion. On this occasion, the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAlE), representating the indigenous peoples, exercises its right to reflect and protest the official celebrations of national governments. We call on the various social sectors of our country to unite in one front and generate a mass movement in Ecuador and throughout the continent. The basic objective of this mobilization is to recover the dignity of our peoples and reject all forms of submission, colonial practices and neo-colonialism. The actions we have planned are part of a broad opposition movement, reaching both continental and international proportions. This movement was created in response to the 500 years since the 'discovery' of America celebrations, or so-called 'Meeting of Two Worlds.' This is the context from which CONAlE has organized a program of activities for the next four years." Letter of Solidarity from Nicaraguan Indian Leaders about the So-called "Discovery of America" The following is a letter SAIIC received from Kisan Par laPaz insummer, 1990. "Dear Compafieros and Compafieras, We want to express our solidarity with all Amerindian Peoples. This is a very special occassion to raise our Peoples' consciousness � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Historical Look at Native Resistance in South America (500 Years of Indian Resistance) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title A Historical Look at Native Resistance in South America (500 Years of Indian Resistance) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (18-22).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 18-22 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/3ab59df59d76a45a3e9e86f0fc072b0d 6510ccb6a9a5c2edc7cb1d8293ea20f0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (39).pdf PDF Text Text ABOUT SAIIC's goals are to promote peace and social justice for Indian People: 1) by providing information to the general public in the U.S., and to human rights and solidarity organizations regarding the struggles for survival and self-determination of Indian peoples of South and Meso America; 2) by facilitating exchange and promoting direct communication and understanding between Indian people. SAIIC's projects and programs include: 1) publication of the Newsletter (now available in Spanish and English) and other special publications; 2) Indian visitors program; 3) human rights advocacy; 4) radio program; 5) Amazonian Indian support project; 6) 500 Years campaign; 7) public presentations, 8) Central American Indian support project. SAIIC welcomes all contributions! The SAIIC radio program "South and The newsletter, Radio program, and other Meso American Indian Update" is aired the projects are financed by donations from our third Friday of each month at 8:00pm on supporters. Your generosity is appreciated. All KPFA-FM, 94.1 in Northern California. donations are tax deductible to the extent Do have time or skms you allowed by law. To receive the SAIIC newsletter for one would like year (we try hard to make it a quarterly publication), please send a donation of US $10 for addresses in the United States, Mexico, or Canada or US $12 for addresses elsewhere. contribute to SAIIC? We are always looking for volunteers willing to assist with newsletter and radio show producticm, office work, fundralsing, artwork, and with our visitors program. AMAZONIA RESOURCE AND ACTION GUIDE SAIIC has co-authored a special publication designed to give added force to grassroots groups in the Amazon fighting in defense of the rainforest and basic human rights for the Indigenous people there. The Resource Guide, published in conjunction with the Rainforest Action Network, Amazonia Film Project, and International Rivers Network includes information about grassroots organizing, issues confronting the people of the forest, a directory of hundreds of support groups worldwide, and lists of important books and films on the Amazon. The Guide will be available in early March. Write to SAIIC for information on how to obtain a copy. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Coordination: Nilo Cayuqueo Editing, design, layout: Peter G. Veilleux SAIIC extends thanks to the following people for their generous support for this newsletter: Vanguard Foundation, Peace Development Fund, Onaway Trust, AFSC, Church of Christ for the Homeland Ministries, Methodist Church- Latin American Division, David Balsam, Kay Cole, Elizabeth Draper, Helen Gildred, and Maya Miller. SAIIC Members are: Nilo Cayuqueo, Xihuanel Huerta, Gina Pacaldo, Carlos Maibeth, Wara Alderete, Isidro Gali, Daniel Hernandez, Guillermo Padilla, Glenn Switkes, Lucilene Whitesell, Monti Aguirre, Peter Veilleux, Maria Souza, Ellen Speicer, Nickie Irvine, Rodrigo Betancur, James Muneta, Julio Leon, Alfredo Saynes. Special thanks to the following people who have been a great help with this newsletter: Tim Allen, Ian McWilliam, Francine Pereny, Steve Sasoyev, Simon Kenrick, Rolando Ramirez, Judy Wells, David Laue!, Wes Huss, Karen Crump Angela Gennino and Lynnda Gray. I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource About SAIIC, Amazonia Resource and Action Guide, and Acknowledgements Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title About SAIIC, Amazonia Resource and Action Guide, and Acknowledgements 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (39).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 39 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/03f89e631862c0abb99062c871aafe46 0cec33170c5e4dab0e18d0c9b417c7d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (2-3).pdf PDF Text Text Amazon Indian Delegation Forges New U.S. Alliances Representatives of Native organizations of the Amazon basin have told environmentalists and funders of development projects that they insist upon playing a greater role in shaping policies for the future of the Amazon. In a series of historic meetings in Washington D.C. and San Franciscio in October, delegates of the Coordinating Body for the Indigenous Peoples' Organizations of the Amazon Basin (COICA), which is made up of indigen0'1S organizations of five Amazon nations, ~d a new agenda for "a permanent 2 dialogue" with these groups without intermediaries. Evaristo Nugkuag (Aguaruna, Peru), President of COICA told environmentalists from 18 major conservatim, organizations in Washington, "The Amazon thal is burning right now is our life ... the time has come for the indigenous peoples of the .M.mazon - the people who have always lived there ... to defend our lives." A principal concern of the Indian delegation was that environmentalists "have left us, the Indigenous peoples, out of your vision of the Amazonian biosphere." As a result, they say, environmental groups have promoted as alternatives to the destruction of Amazonia, programs such as debt-for-nature �I I i "there can be no development projects in indigenous areas without the informed consent of the Indigenous Peoples affected," and were promised regular meetings with field representatives of the international agencies. swaps and the creation of national parks, which have been used by the governments of the Amazon countries to undermine Native land claims. The COICA delegation which, besides Nugkuag consisted of Luis Angel Chaurra (Chami, Colombia), Wilfrido Aragon (Quichua, Ecuador), and Santos Adan Atsua (Aguaruna, Peru) urged environmentalists to develop a closer working relationship with indigenous organizations, and proposed "debt for indigenous stewardship" swaps as a means of returning areas of the Amazonian rainforest to the care and control of Native people. They invited the environmentalists to continue their discussion of common goals at a meeting to be convened by COICA in Iquitos, Peru in May, 1990. The COICA delegation also met with officials of the World Bank, the Interamerican Development Bank, and USAID, three development banks responsible for funding projects which have had a serious impact on indigenous communities. They told the funders COICA told the banks "We have used and cared for the resources [of the Amazon] with a great deal of respect, because it is our home, and because we know that our survival and that of our future generations depends on it. Our accumulated knowledge about the ecology of our home, our models for living with the peculiarities of the Amazon biosphere, our reverence and respect for the tropical forest and its other inhabitants, both plant and animal, are the keys to guaranteeing the future of the Amazon Basin, not only for our peoples, but also for all of humanity." COICA, which was formed in response to an attempt by the governments of the Amazon Basin to control policies affecting indigenous peoples through the Amazon Cooperation Treaty, includes the participation of AIDESEP (Peru), CIDOB (Bolivia), CONFENIAE (Ecuador), ONIC (Colombia), and UNI (Brazil). COICA can be contacted by mail, telephone or Fax: COICA Jiron Almagro 614 Lima 11, Peru Telephone: 631983 Fax:51-14-423572 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazon Indian Delegation Forges New U.S. Alliances (Amazon) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Amazon Indian Delegation Forges New U.S. Alliances (Amazon) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (2-3).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 2 & 3 Abstract Note Representatives of Native groups in the Amazon basin insisted on having a bigger role in policy making in their area. They forged an alliance with the United States and set a new agenda for a permanent dialogue without intermediaries. https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/203030ec0283070cec7d52934f49801c 5e4f5b3690b4ddd358b37defa54b2f84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (40).pdf PDF Text Text l0lw6 V:> 'Aala:>JJag OS'Sl xog ·o·d :>nvs SAIIC CAN BE REACHED ev: Telex #154205417 (attn: SAIIC) Fax# (415) 834-4264 Electronic mail: via Peacenet (cdp: SAIIC) Telephone: (415) 834-4263 Luis Macas, a Quichua Indian from Sarayacu, Loza Province in the Highlands of Ecuador will be participating in the SAIIC Visitors Program in January and February. Luis Macas is the Vice President of CONAIE and one of the coordinators of the "500 Years of Indian Resistance" conference being held in Ecuador at the end of June, 1990. He will be in North America from January 28th to February 20th on a fundraising and speaking tour. I£ you are interested in supporting the conference or organizing an event in your area, please contact SAilC. Photo: Nilo Cayuqueo and Luis Macas at planning Conference in Ecuador � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Back Cover Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Back Cover 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (40).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 40 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/8c046faedb349eea74429f15a7c081bc 561053cec568c754968a79d891dc20c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (11).pdf PDF Text Text Hopi Leader, Tomas Banyacya with Ailton Krenak on his visit to deliver petitions calling for a special session of the UN to debate ways to halt rainforest destruction. Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award In September, Ailton Krenak, National Coordinator of Brazil's Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI), came to Washington, DC to accept the Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award of the Institute for Policy Studies on behalf of UNI. Later, Krenak joined other Third World activists in New York to deliver petitions totalling three million signatures to the United Nations, in calling for an emergency special session of the General Assembly to debate ways to halt the destruction of the rainforest and to discuss means of sustainable use Va5, Nos2&3 under the guidance of forest peoples. Krenak said, "All that has been done in the name of development has been disastrous to the majority of the people- economically, socially, and spiritually. It is necessary to question this logic, mainly as it threatens parts of our planet that are irreplaceable, such as the Amazon forest ... For us Indian people, being included in this process is like allowing a needle and tube to suck our blood as the wealth of our land is ripped off... We have to fight with courage, a strong spirit, and not let it swallow us." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award (Brazil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award (Brazil) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (11).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 11 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Abstract Note Over three million people signed a petition calling for an emergency meeting of the United Nations to debate ways to halt the destruction of the rainforests. Ailton Krenak of the UNI accepted the Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights award. Ailton Krenak Fall 1989 Human Rights Human Rights award UNI Union of Indigenous Nations Winter 1990 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/bd531cd0dfcf9a0b0632d927d1159cae 96af0d14d09f963d05c8d0a7eb0c0e7c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (16-18).pdf PDF Text Text Call to Action on the First Continental Meeting of Indigenous Peoples This is an invitation to all Indian people throughout the Americas, to take part in the First Continental Meeting of Indigenous Peoples on the "500 Years of Indian Resistance" commemorations in 1992. The meeting will take place in Quito, Ecuador at the end of June, 1990. The meeting is being organized by the Confederation of Indian Nations of Ecuador (CONAIE). The decision to hold this meeting was based on various discussions between Indian organizations throughout the I �continent which culminated with a preparatory meeting held last April in Quito between CONAIE, the National Organization of Indian People of Colombia CONIC), SAIIC, and other national and international support organizations. The broad objectives of the conference are: 1) to promote unity and active participation of Indigenous peoples and organizations in the 500 Years Campaign and to coordinate counter-commemorations; 2) to promote a broad, unified front of participation by other sectors of society, including those groups committed to human rights, justice, equality, and protection of the natural world, on a national and international level; 3) to re-establish inter-cultural relations between Indigenous peoples of the Americas. The first three days of the five-day Quito conference will be meetings between Indian peoples. Non-Indian people are invited to participate as observers for this period. The fourth day will be an open meeting with all the non-Indian organizations to discuss alliances and strategies, and on the fifth day there will be a press conference, a visit to local Indian communities, and in the late afternoon, a cultural exchange with Indian music. Following is a statement which was drawn up at the preparatory meeting in Quito, April 9th, 1989: A Call to Indigenous People: There is an urgent need to organize an indigenous response to the celebration of the so-called "Discovery of America," now officially called by some governments "the Encounter of Two Worlds." Spain, the Vatican, the United States and European and Latin American governments are preparing many pompous events to celebrate the "Conquest of America." From our Indigenous perspective, there was no "encounter." The contact between the Europeans and Indians did not permit equal conditions and opportunities. On the contrary, it was an armed invasion motivated by the quest for resources and by the crisis of feudal European regimes. The most evident consequences of these violent acts were genocide, the rape of our women, torture, political/ ideological and cultural submission and death through diseases brought to the continent. Our land and our resources were plundered. Military and religious power were the instruments of domination in the conquest. The conquest and the mentality of "Manifest Destiny" still prevails in modern society, in the operation of the oligarchy, in the abuses of the military, in the plundering of natural resources by multinational and national companies. These activities affect a large portion of our society, and in particular Indigenous people. We are still witnessing colonial aggression. �the end of June, 1990. The conquest of the Amazon today is very clear. This land is under assault in order to exploit its mineral resources, its reserves of valuable timber and its great hydro-electric potential. The Indigenous people of the Amazon are confronting this conquest, and this is 1989. The Yanomami, the most numerous of the Indigenous people of the Amazon rainforest, are facing the loss of their lands and are being killed because they are viewed as a barrier to the exploitation of natural resources in Brazil. Thus October 12, 1992 presents a great opportunity not to celebrate, nor to cry about our bad luck, but rather to reflect upon 500 years of the European invasion and to formulate alternatives for a better life, in harmony with Nature and with human dignity. Our peoples are developing forms of political, religious, cultural and economic interchange and interrelationship - a continental cultural identity; a civilization. Nevertheless, with the European invasion and subsequent process of colonization, we became isolated and out of communication, breaking a form of development we had attained. So, it is necessary to re-establish these lines of communication, to present an indigenous voice, not only against the celebration of the "SOOth Anniversary," but to face up to the innumerable common problems that we have and work for a worthy future for our people. Therefore, we invite all Indigenous peoples of our continent to reflect upon the real meaning of the "conquest" and to participate in the First Continental Meeting of Indigenous Peoples- 500 Years of Resistance" to be held at For further information about the conference, you can contact SAIIC or write to: CONAIE Los Granados 2553 Batan Quito, Ecuador A Historical Look at Native Resistance in South America The following is excerpted from a position paper written by CONAIE for their National Program: "On October 12, 1492 a group of adventurers backed by the Kings of Castille and Aragon, and lead by Christopher Columbus, landed on our continent. Their arrival inaugurated the so-called 'discoveries' of territories in America. As is well-known, the Spanish conquest originated out of an extremely high demand for precious metals. This demand was � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Call to Action on the First Continental Meeting of Indigenous Peoples (500 Years of Indian Resistance) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Call to Action on the First Continental Meeting of Indigenous Peoples (500 Years of Indian Resistance) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (16-18).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 16-18 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/a02a5bf3fd1619a5f31ec64d38011993 42d49507a864b074c255091bd957260d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (25).pdf PDF Text Text MESO AMERICA Caribbean Organization of Indigenous Peoples Publishes their First Newsletter The SAIIC Board of Directors wishes to extend congratulations to COIP- the Caribbean Organization of Indigenous Peoples, on the publication of their first newsletter- "IndigiNotes." Under the coordination of Joseph Palacio, "Indigi-Notes" was published last June. fot;ter extensive exchanges among themselves and other Indigenous peoples and to 5) correct inequalities traditionally meted against them and other deprived minorities. Their numerous achivements so far include initiating ongoing contacts with the Working Group of Indigenous Peoples of the United Nations and the World Council of Indigenous Peoples. They had their First Regional Conference in Belize this past November 13th to 20th where they deliberated on fundamental issues related to COIP's own nature, its' interrelationship with other organizations of Indigenous peoples, and its own direction in the 1990s. COIP has been carrying on a very strong dialogue with the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College in Canada. The strength of COIP arises from the fact that it was formed by people who were not representing their national governments, rather they are leaders of their own people and are intimately involved with the conditions of Indigenous peoples in their home countries. Caribbean Indigenous Revival Toward Greater Recognition and Development COIP is an umbrella organization of grassroots national associations representing Indigenous peoples in four English-speaking countries of the Caribbean- Dominica (Carib), St. Vincent (Carib), Guyana (Arawak, Warrou, Carib, Wai Wai Wapishana), and Belize (Maya Mopan, Maya Kekchi, Garifuna). COIP was founded at a conference of Indigenous peoples held in St. Vincent in August, 1987. Its aims are to 1) promote the retrieval of Indigenous culture, 2) advocate basic human and civil rights, 3) reinforce a positive self image, 4) We, at SAIIC wish COIP the very best in being a voice for All our English-speaking Relations in the Caribbean. COIP can be contacted through: Dr. Joseph 0. Palacio Coordinator, COIP POBox229 Belize City Belize, Central America Fax:Oll-78453 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Caribbean Organization of Indigenous Peoples Publishes their First Newsletter (Mesoamerica) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Caribbean Organization of Indigenous Peoples Publishes their First Newsletter (Mesoamerica) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (25).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 25 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/a601e82604f9379f338b3dcee43a9363 1800e44758987bfae9dfacc896e822f2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (1).pdf PDF Text Text I I Mailing Address: P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA Office: 523 E. 14th St., Oakland, CA (415) 834-4263 Vol. 5, Nos. 2 & 3 Fall, 1989 & Winter, 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cover Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Cover 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (1).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 1 Abstract Note Cover alliances Fall 1989 Forging Alliances Winter 1990 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/d68765a05a3fe5f233e9b83a8b1530e9 334386908f607032d492d98458616052 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (15).pdf PDF Text Text strategic cooperation between the narcotics dealers and the military, along with the tremendous volume of money the former have invested in the country, demonstrates the fact that the drug lords acted with total impunity regarding their violent criminal activities. As a result of their exoneration from justice, the narco-network was allowed to grow to such an extent that they began to dispute with the government power structures. This conflict led to a series of attacks on Colombia's ruling class, including the assasination in last September of the leading presidential candidate, L.C. Galan. It was shortly after this murder that the government detained 10,000 people and "discovered" the whereabouts of the drug king-pins, and within a week had confiscated hundreds of planes, cars, weapons, properties and millions in cash. The already turbulent social climate of Colombia has been compounded since by the extraordinary wave of violence of the narco-traffickers retaliation. The latest issues of the Colombian Indian newspapers, "Unidad Indigena" and "Alvaro Ulcue" report that the killing of Indian leaders and organizers continues uninterrupted. In fact, every issue of these periodicals in the last 15 years has reported the killings of Indian activists. Even so, their cry for life, land, autonomy and respect for their cultures continues to grow strong. CRIC Headquarters Bombed The Headquarters of the Indian Regional Council of Cauca (CRIC) where the CRIC Newspaper is published, was bombed in September. Although there were 30 Indian people sleeping in the building at the time, nobody was hurt. After the attack, the Indian people in the building were detained, questioned, and put through a rigorous identification process. Then the police proceeded to raid the office, supposedly searching for clues about the bombing. Following the incident, the governor of the state of Cauca appeared and expressed solidarity with CRIC. He also promised restitution for the damages. A few days later, however, when CRIC organizers went to his office to request a permit to hold a demonstration in protest of the attack, they were denied the permit and the offer of economic aid was withdrawn. The attack and the ensuing debacle with the governor is in keeping with what Indian people in Colombia call, "a tradition of political violence and economic, social, and cultural oppression, generated by the dominant class in Colombia against the poorest sector of society." Indian Leaders Murdered SAIIC expresses condolences to the families of two female Indian leaders, Maria Juana Camayo, City Council member of the town of Totaro, and Berta Cecilia de Jesus, member of the Executive Committee of the Peasant Federation of Cauca. They were both murdered and evidence leaves no doubt that they were executed by narco-paramilitary death squads. As usual in these types of crimes, the bombing and the deaths, no suspects were detained and no in-depth investigations were conducted. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CRIC Headquarters Bombed (Colombia) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title CRIC Headquarters Bombed (Colombia) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (15).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 15 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/a8425bc2cbae899d76c215985e8339f6 d1911ed7a32dd1ebed9c3bc1d37e656b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (4-6).pdf PDF Text Text companies. Approximately 3,000,000 more hectares are in the exploratory phases. Ecuadorian Government Grants New Concessions to Oil Companies The government of President Rodrigo Borjas will grant new concessions to oil companies operating in the Ecuadorian rainforest as well as on the coast. Oil development in Ecuador is controlled and monitored by the Ecuadorean State Petroleum Corporation (CEPE). Approximately 630,000 hectares of fragile rainforest and coastal regions are being exploited by oil A new round of concessions is expected before 1990 in the next international bid. The New Oriente Concessions will total more than 2,500,000 hectares and include lands in Huaorani Indian territories, as well as lands in Yasuni National Park. Conoco, a U.S. based company, and one of about 20 international petroleum corporations currently operating in Ecuador, is planning to build a 175 kilometer road which will serve to build and maintain an oil pipeline. This project has met with serious opposition nationally from Indian organizations (particularly CONFENIAE), and criticized by many �international environmental groups. (see SAIIC newsletter, Fait 1989). The Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund, based in San Francisco, California, has been circulating a 39 page report about oil road construction through Ecuador's YasuniNational Park. The report received particular attention at the UN Session for the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities last August in Geneva, Switzerland. The report states that "the already severe reduction in the Huaorani population because of similar activities in the past is well documented and is notice of the threat of genocide of the Huaorani people if the road and other encroachments occur ... Both Ecuador and Conoco, as joint organizers of the oil exploration in Huaorani territory, could be liable for genocide." (pp.1718) CORDAVI, a human rights legal defense group in Ecuador, has presented a similar case against the construction of the road, alleging that the "Ecuadorean government violated the constitution by allowing the construction of the road and the exploitation of resources within a protected area." Last May, representatives of the Ecuadorean government, CEPE, and the Ecuadorean Institute of Agrarian Reform (IERAC) and representatives of CONFENIAE and the National Organization of Indian People in Ecuador (CONAIE) signed an agreement at Sarayacu, an Indian community in the rainforest. The legal authorities committed to legalizing Huaorani Indian territories as protected areas, as well as other Indian territories, under the coordination of CONFENIAE. They also agreed to stop the colonization of Indian territories in the rainforest and on the coast, and to require the withdrawal of the Sumner Institute of Linguistics from Indian territories. As of today, the government has not complied with any of the agreements. CONFENIAE reports that "the situation in the Ecuadorian rainforest today is extremely alarming. Of the approximately eleven million hectares of rainforest, 35% is under private occupation by plantations, cattle ranches, and other forms of agroindustry. Only 15% has been declared national parklands. Overall, 80% of the region is held by private companies which have been known to destroy the forest under the system of' conces- �sions.' For that reason, we, the Indian people are standing up to defend our territory and to preserve the ecosystem of the Amazon ... " Oil Companies Destroy Quichua Sacred Site SAIIC coordinator, Nilo Cayuqueo together with international lawyer, Karen Parker of the Sierra Club Legal Defense Club visited Ecuador from July 7th to the 21st to meet with representatives of CONFENIAE (the Confederation of Indian Nationalities of Ecuador). The purpose of the visit was to discuss possible international legal actions to take against the Ecuadorean Government and the international oil companies, primarily a division of the U.S. company- Conoco, operating in the Ecuadorian rainforest. The following interview took place in Block 10 of the Sarayacu River where the U.S. oil company Arco, and the French exploration company CGG, are operating in the Ecuadorian Amazon. "My name is Juan Sanchez Pena. I am over 50 years old and I have lived in this community of Sarayacu [which means River of Corn in Quichua] all my life. My parents and my grandparents and all my ancestors were from here also. We, the Quichua people from the Amazon region of what is now called Ecuador, were living here peacefully. We have had enough food - yuca, corn, different types of potatoes and fruit. Here, in the Amazon, we have many rivers and are able to fish. Every family has a canoe to travel on the rivers, to fish and to visit friends, and to go to ceremonies and fiestas. When a young couple or anyone needs a new canoe, we hold a 'minga' [communal work party] to construct it. When we need meat, we go hunting. We, the men, do that and the women wait for us and when we return, we have ceremonies and a big party. We used to have a lot of animals to eat here, but now the situation is different and sadly, it's getting worse all the time. A long time ago (around 1943-45), people came with heavy machinery. They came and without telling us anything, they started to make big explosions. We did not know what was going on! Later, we found out that they were exploring for petroleum. About one or two years later, other people came to cut the trees in � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ecuadorian Government Grants New Concessions to Oil Companies (Ecuador) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Ecuadorian Government Grants New Concessions to Oil Companies (Ecuador) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (4-6).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Pages 4-6 Abstract Note The Ecuadorian government granted new oil concessions to companies operating in the Ecuadorian rainforest. A new round of concessions was expected to start before 1990. Conoco Ecuador Ecuadorian government Fall 1989 oil concessions Oil Extraction winter 1990. https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7d9c6e7aa53b768e5c2df971652c1543 334386908f607032d492d98458616052 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (15).pdf PDF Text Text strategic cooperation between the narcotics dealers and the military, along with the tremendous volume of money the former have invested in the country, demonstrates the fact that the drug lords acted with total impunity regarding their violent criminal activities. As a result of their exoneration from justice, the narco-network was allowed to grow to such an extent that they began to dispute with the government power structures. This conflict led to a series of attacks on Colombia's ruling class, including the assasination in last September of the leading presidential candidate, L.C. Galan. It was shortly after this murder that the government detained 10,000 people and "discovered" the whereabouts of the drug king-pins, and within a week had confiscated hundreds of planes, cars, weapons, properties and millions in cash. The already turbulent social climate of Colombia has been compounded since by the extraordinary wave of violence of the narco-traffickers retaliation. The latest issues of the Colombian Indian newspapers, "Unidad Indigena" and "Alvaro Ulcue" report that the killing of Indian leaders and organizers continues uninterrupted. In fact, every issue of these periodicals in the last 15 years has reported the killings of Indian activists. Even so, their cry for life, land, autonomy and respect for their cultures continues to grow strong. CRIC Headquarters Bombed The Headquarters of the Indian Regional Council of Cauca (CRIC) where the CRIC Newspaper is published, was bombed in September. Although there were 30 Indian people sleeping in the building at the time, nobody was hurt. After the attack, the Indian people in the building were detained, questioned, and put through a rigorous identification process. Then the police proceeded to raid the office, supposedly searching for clues about the bombing. Following the incident, the governor of the state of Cauca appeared and expressed solidarity with CRIC. He also promised restitution for the damages. A few days later, however, when CRIC organizers went to his office to request a permit to hold a demonstration in protest of the attack, they were denied the permit and the offer of economic aid was withdrawn. The attack and the ensuing debacle with the governor is in keeping with what Indian people in Colombia call, "a tradition of political violence and economic, social, and cultural oppression, generated by the dominant class in Colombia against the poorest sector of society." Indian Leaders Murdered SAIIC expresses condolences to the families of two female Indian leaders, Maria Juana Camayo, City Council member of the town of Totaro, and Berta Cecilia de Jesus, member of the Executive Committee of the Peasant Federation of Cauca. They were both murdered and evidence leaves no doubt that they were executed by narco-paramilitary death squads. As usual in these types of crimes, the bombing and the deaths, no suspects were detained and no in-depth investigations were conducted. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indian Leaders Murdered (Colombia) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Indian Leaders Murdered (Colombia) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (15).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 15 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/24d9c30e7139a7accce0bd964601c244 b253864e416d7cbef77d9bf237d3c424 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (12-13).pdf PDF Text Text backed Pinochet forces overthrew the government of Salvador Allende in September, 1973. The PTI presented their candidates for offices in all eight regions of Chile where the majority of people are Indigenous. The following is an excerpt from a letter SAIIC received from Cornelio Chipana Hererra. Indian People of Chile form their own Political Party The PTI- Practicing Unity in Diversity In the beginning of 1989, an organizational meeting with representatives from 28 Indian organizations across Chile was held. Aymara, Atacamena, Mapuche and Rapanui Indians were present. They decided to form their own political party, the Party of the Earth and Identity (PTI). The goals of the PTI are to achieve 1) representation as ethnic peoples in the Parliament, 2) constitutional recognition as peoples, 3) the official recognition of their languages, 4) bilingual and intercultural education, 5) the effective protection of their lands, waters and natural resources, and 6) the respect for and self-development of Indigenous peoples. The PTI defends the right of Indigenous communities to maintain their social, economic, and cultural organizations and their ancestral way of occupying the Earth. Elections were held in Chile on December 17, 1989, the first elections held since the US- '12 "We write to invoke the defense and dignity of the people. We are a people beaten down since the Spanish conquest when we were evicted from our best lands and a different system was imposed on us ... we were enslaved as laborers for the mines. We remained enslaved for 150 years. Since the War of the Pacific in 1879, we have been subjected to a process of Chileanization. This further undermined the basis of our society and translates today to underdevelopment or extreme poverty for our majority, our own self-hatred identity, the loss of our cultural models, and what is even more serious, the desire to integrate ourselves into the national majority. "We are rejected and discriminated against, leaving us suspended in a void as nonpersons; we are neither one, nor the other, because we have been denied the knowledge of our own history. In the last 15 years of authoritarian government, we have lived under the militarization of our zones; laws have been mandated whereby the government denies our legal existence, the free market is robbing us of our llamas and alpacas. Schools are being shut down in the rural zones because of the massive migration to the cities. The most serious and pressing problem is the usurpation of our water by the mining companies in our communities. If the phenomenon continues, our lands and communities will probably be abandoned. �"Our party [the PTI] is built around the ideals of harmonic development between humans, nature and technology, and most importantly we aim to put an end to the great injustices that the minorities in Chile have had to endure. Like our ancestors, we are especially ecology-minded. We interpret this to mean that we are dedicated to social equality, social order and respect for nature. We propose a unity in the diversity of the environment in the frame of an eco-justice. We believe we are part of the universal cosmos and therefore share all the joys and sorrows of our brothers and sisters of the Earth. We are all children of Pachamama (Aymara for Mother Earth). The Declaration of Principles explains that the historic commitment of the PTI is 'with the human-Earthcosmos relationship, which has always been the inspiration and the sustainment of the indigenous cosmovision." tions from the Mapuches - Huilliches and Kawaskagar in the South, the Aymara in the North, to the Rapa Nui from Easter Island, compiled an 18 page proposal to all political parties running in the elections. Some of the outstanding points of the proposal are: • "The Chilean Constitution must be changed so that the existence of Indigenous people is formally recognized and that Chile is a Plurinational country ... • The state must take immediate action to return land which was stolen from the Indian people by non-Indian people ... • The state should implement bilingual and bicultural education, with respect for the Indian cosmovision ... " Some of the more specific demands are as follows: " "The new government should give back to the Aymara people, the water rights in their territory. These rights have been revoked With a fond embrace and a warm greeting from our long suffering people, Cornelio Chipana Hererra Photo of A ymara Indian preparing llama for shearing by Wayne Bernhardson. National Secretary of the PTI Aymara del Norte, Chile ~ w People Indigenous Demand to be Heard by All Political Parties in Etections The "Technical Commission of Indigenous People," representing several Indian organiza- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indian People of Chile Form Their Own Political Party: The PTI - Practicing Unity in Diversity (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Indian People of Chile Form Their Own Political Party: The PTI - Practicing Unity in Diversity (Chile) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (12-13).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 12 & 13 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Abstract Note The Party of Earth and Identity was formed by several Indian nations in the beginning of 1989. Atacamena Aymara Fall 1989 Mapuche Party of the Earth and Identity Rapanui Winter 1990