13 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/03b31eb63ef9e1c8d4ab0d4f5f10a67f.pdf 41917f6f35fe99fc1a6fc8cac60bfd3c PDF Text Text P ERSPECTIVES ON BIODIVERSITY AND I NT.,_LL EC_,_UA L_,__,,O PE,R_,_' -- - - - - - - - - - - E, , o, T"'= P R , _, TY Biodiversity, Community Integrity and t he Second Colonialist Wave He whare maikhi tu ki roto ki te tuwatawata. he tou no te rengatira: he whare maihi tu ki te wa kie te paenga. he kai na te ahi. An ancestral house standing inside the community is the sign of chiefliness: one standing in the open is food for fire. - Maori Proverb by A T P roha e areake M ead M the Maori proverb above indi- tes. an ancestral house. or any pe<:t of heritage which restS within its home community. holds in itself and brings lO its people numa- AroJta Tt Pm·wkc Mead is a Maori aclivi.st and works wi1h Taonga Umittd in Ac>tcoara, Nt."W Zealand. 6 respect and sovereignty. If the house or any other aspect of heritage. either tangible or intangible, is taken away from its community and from its context, it becomes at risk of destruction. "food for the lire."' And its people are confined to • destiny of mourning for the loss of a beloved and irreplaceable pan of their heritage. For Indigenous communities. the underlying meaning in this pro\·erb is that the life force of that heritage still exists regardless of the physico! circum- stances around it An ancestral house will always be part or the heritage or ilS own tribal community even if it now fomlS pan of a national or imemational museum collection. #Jya Yala News �PERSPECTIVES ON BIODIVERSITY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY An Indigenous plant. its extracts and seeds. will always be part of the heritage or the community, who have imerncted with it for so many generations that the plant has become j>art of the language of that community, its significance reafGrmed daily in (waiata) songs. (whakatauki) proverbs and (whaikorero) traditional greetings. The Second Wave of Colonization The first wave of colonization consisted of the forced misappropriation of Indigenous lands and resources. most often through ,·iolence, resulting in mass alienation of Indigenous peoples from their homelands and heritage. The denigration of Indigenous vah,tes and practices was sanctioned by religious and social beliefs that tribal peoples (non-Christi:ms) were savages and barbarians, and 1heir cuhurnl traditions "'heathen'" and evil. Settlers claimed that theft of Indigenous lands served the .. public good'" and that new technology promised more effective land usc. improved farming methods. and new crops. Time proved, however. lhat new farming technology kept being impro\'ed until most farmers could no longer afford it. New methods also brought soil erosion. pesticide pollution. and the final insult. ha'"ing to buy seeds which were prc,riously 53.\'Cd ftom the harvest. Where Mother Earth used to be the equalizer for those who used her resources to feed, clothe. shelter and heal themseh'es and others, technology has turned her imo a factory. The second wa\'C of colonization sets its sights on mis.'1pptopriating what little remains after the first wave. the "'intctl'\gibles" of Indigenous cultuteslndigenous knowledge of the environment. pre"entative and curative healing practices. and panicularly traditional uses of Indigenous plants (medicines. dyes. complimentary crops to name but a fcw).\Vhere the first wave of colonization was made possible by nonnalizing the violence against Indigenous peoples Vol. 8 No.4 as in the service of "the public good," the second wave is accommodated and encouraged through national and intcrn:nional legal instruments which allow st~ucs and privme companies to exercise-through legal and financial nonns and standards~xternal private and exclusive ownership of 1he tangible and imangible heritage of Indigenous communities. liS not at all coincidental that the jus1ification of this misappropriation is the s..1.me: "It's for humanit)'. for the public good ." Before. it was land acqui· s1tion. Now. it is acquisition of knowledge and resources. No matter how one · looks at it, the result is the s..u ne: outsiders forcing the concepts of commodification of resources and acquiring ownership of the ancestors· gifts-lands, resources and knowledge. Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights Governments as well as private companies are now clamoring to copyright and patem Indigenous an forms. medicinal plants. languages and even genetic materials. Signatory states to the Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Conference on Environment & Developmem's Agenda 21 (1992) are now required to respect and take measures to protect the Intellectual Propcny Rights (IPR) of Indigenous peoples and local communities with respect to bio· logical diversity. Many States have inter· preted these international directives as justifying the redesign of their national IPR legislation to legalize State governance of community assets. but Indigenous peoples around the world view such measures as unnecessar)' intrusions into the integrity of their communities. h is neither logical nor practical that the best system for the protection of the cultural and intellectual property or Indigenous peoples resides with states or even with the international community. Protection can onty be designed and implemented by Indigenous commul1ities themselves in panncrship with individuals and organizations (local, national. regiomll and international) of their choosing on an informed consent basis. The body most c.•pable of respect· ing and enhancing the unique needs of an Indigenous community is one initiated. developed and staffed by the community itself. National and international instruments cannot possibly prepare communities for the challenges upon theit own stro.ctures of leadership and accountability. State instro.mcnts should focus on the activities and proccdtu·cs of companies, bm it is clear that many States would prefer to regulate the activities of communities. At a funda· mental level there is al.s o the problem of states. as well as the international comrnunity. assuming that they have a right to develop standards and legally binding instruments for assets which do not belong to them. New threats facing Indigenous Communities: A Case Study The attack on Indigenous communi~ tics is constant and significant. Indigenous communities cannot afford to ignore external pressure and simply to hope that ignoring the threats will in time make them go aw-a)~ A brief examination of the national activities and c.xpericnces of the Indigenous communities living in just 01'e UN member State-New Zealand-demonstrates the diversity of IPR issues facing Indigenous communities. The human genome contains the heritage not just of an individual but of that person's community. for many Indigenous peoples. the concept of "'ownership"' of a human gene e\'en by the individual is just not accepted. The ownership of a human gene by a company is therefore reprehensible. \ Vithin the Pacific. two attempts have already been made to patent Indigenous human genetic material (Solomon Islands and the Hagahai or Papua New Guinea). The Human Genome Diversity Project has targeted over 200 South PaciGc Indigenous communities for genetic 7 �PERSPECTIVES ON BIODIVERSITY AND INTELLECTU~~ P R O P E~ TY ------------A L....!'-!~::!:.! R~~ sampling. Maori arc one of the few not on che lise (See arcicle on HGD Projccc pg. 13, eds.). However. che a11cmpced recommendation to the New Zealand government by Maori-that New Zealand discuss with other Pacific nations the itnplications of the collection of human genetic materials in the Pacific-fell on deaf cars. Research within New Zealand on cancer. alcoholism and otitis media (gl\lc car) has been reponed to focus on Maori genetic predispositions lO such conditions. In the hands of health insurance companies. genetic screening on the basis of ethnicity involves fundamental human rights issues which have yet to be c., plored. Copyright of Indigenous Languages In November 1994. che Oxford University Press attempted to secure an cxcl\lsivc copyright or che \Vi/limns Maori Umguagc Dicrionary. First pub· lished in l$44. the dictiOI''I:U)' remains the most authorilative dictionary of the Maori language. ll has been reprinted twelve times (seven editions) by the New Zealand Go'"ernmcnt Print Office, an agency established to promote the recording and publishing of New Ze3land hiscory for the benefit of all New Ze~landers. Many of che first Maori language and ~...laori history publications were financed and p11blished by a state- owned Printing Office on the underscanding that such publications were "held in trust~ as vital components of the national herilage. Prh'3tization of state agencies, including the Print Office. has opened 11p Maori publicatior\S to copyright by the privace sector. There are currently no mechanisms by which Maori can regain ownership. We will have to fight for each publication individually. Traditional Uses of Indigenous Flora and Fauna Several New Zealand companies 8 have developed successful cosmetic products using tradicional knowledge of nora and fa\llla. A ncdging phannaccucical induscry is also being developed. but at this point the cos1nctic propcnics of native plants are the primary ulrget of commercial exploitation. ln some cases the traditional knowledge comes from Indigenous informants. in other cases through research in historical records kept by early senlers-includingchosc of Capcain james Cook himself-which provide detailed and illustrated accounts of the properties and uses of native plants. The Body Shop recently negotiated with a small tribal company their extraction process for the oil of the native Manulla plant. Manuka is a native plant common to most of the North Island and of significance 10 many different tribes. such that songs, proverbs, weavings and other art fonns record the plant's special relationship to each tribe. Thus. from a tribal point of view. it is diffic\llt to accepc the validity of any IPR agreement bet ween two companies involving what most Maori would consider "common propcny."' Exploitation itself is easier to understand than the attempt to patent the process. or tO seck plant variety rights on the Manuk..1. Already. plant variety rights have been granted to national and international companies for thincen plants by the New Zealand government. In response, the Maori have filed a Treaty of \.Yaitangi Tribunal Claim against the go'"erntnent . seeking confirmation that all native plams are the heritage of Maori tribes in the first place. and that any decisions relating to the conmlercialization of native plants must by made by Maori tribes themselves. This historical case is due for consideration in mid-1995. Capacity Building: More Questions Than Answers The righcco intellectual property. as a western legal invention. was never designed co cope with the myriad ·properties"" now being thrust upon it. Indigenous knowledge and Indigenous resources simply do not fit into che IPR regime. Protection of heritage must be addressed through alternative mechanisms. but it must be a mechanism robust enough to apply to the diverse range of activities now thremening the heritage and livelihoods of Indigenous communities. Indigenous communities need to son out amongst themselves-without the interference of non·members-the tribal. sub-tribal and ramily "ownership.. of knowledge. \ \That is common property? Who has the right to give consent? Elders or youth? Tribal political structures or new additional specialiSt tribal organizations? \Vhat structures will they put in place? Should regional and national scruccures also be established? By whom? Indigenous communities should also make greater use of the infonnation highwa)' and strengthen national, regional and international networks in order to exchange information. offer advice and experience. and keep informed of the growing swell of che second wave of colonization - misappropriation of Indigenous knowledge and biodiversity. The most appropriate and resultsoriented contribution that states and the imernational community could offer is to provide additional financing for com· munity capacity-building. and to focus regulatory attention on external compa· nics. agencies, and individuals. As the Maori proverb scates. the heritage of Indigenous communities rests with those communities. If any aspect of this heritage is removed, it becomes food for the fire. Similarity. the proverb reminds us that che incegrity of a commul'lity requires us to hold firm and protect the treasures of the ancestors. If pans of our heritage have been lost. it is our responsibility to get them back. no matter how long il takes. Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Biodiversity, Community Integrity and the Second Colonialist Wave Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aroha Te Pareake Mead Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Biodiversity, Community Integrity and the Second Colonialist Wave Item Type Journal Article Author Aroha Te Pareake Mead Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 6-8 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter ISSN 1071-3182 Date 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indian communities are now faced with the task of defending their cultural and intellectual property rights in the areas of agriculture, language, genetics, etc. Attachment Title Biodiversity_community_integrity.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Colonialism Copyright Intellectual Property Rights https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/4dafef3c92154e5ba63d4f2f2a2eadba.pdf 418e4d5c073d7973b621a25e85827286 PDF Text Text Dan Bomberry, who was Cayuga Indian, became a national leader among American Indian activists seeking economic and political soveriegnty and founded the country's first entirely Indianoperated foundation. He died of cancer on Friday, August 16, in San Francisco at the age of 40. The Tribal Soveriegnty Program, now called the Seventh Generation Fund, is named after the Iroquois principle by which all decisions must be made on behalf of the seventh generation of unborn to insure that the future is not irreparably harmed by present action. The Seventh Generation Fund is unique among foundations for concentrating on several critical areas: preservation of Indian ownership of land and resources; development of indigenous economic self-sufficiency projects which are free of the corporate world; programs to revitalize traditional forms of Indian governments; and support of native women's organizations and the strengthening of Indian families, Much emphasis in the Seventh Generation Fund is also to traditional Indian spiritual activities which are seen as of the fabric of traditional Indian economic and life. also founded a national newspaper, Native edited by Victoria Bomberry, which articulates the need for models of economic and the maintenance of Indian land Dan was also a national leader of to struggles of faced with government or corporate of the world, in Guatemala and Nicaragua, Dan a rare gift of warmth and vision for the future for Indian people and all communities. And he was a supporter and friend of SAIIC. We will miss him. --5. Lobo SAIIC welcomes our newest member, Rayen Cayuqueo Lowry, born August 17, and congratulates her parents, Peggy and Nilo. Vol. 2, no, l, Fall, 1985. Published quarterly, ®SAIIC Page 15 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Birth of Rayen Cayuqueo Lowry Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1985 Language A language of the resource Zotero Title Birth of Rayen Cayuqueo Lowry Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (15).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 1 Volume 2 Abstract Note SAIIC welcomes its newest member. Pages 15 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Language English Cayuga Indian Dan Bomberry Seventh Generation Fund https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/aa274ff7cdad98b70852dd4a3858fbae.pdf 1fb6b0d3989425f1d6a5377bc4b5cea4 PDF Text Text tinues. fhe landholders continue exploiting, the Pizarros continue murdering, and 451 years later, the Indian holocast in the plaza of Cajamarca repeats itself and the killing of Alao Huallpa continues." @ A letter from a community: "Here, everything has become difficult. Everything is changing with violence an everyday event. But we have to keep living, victims of the violence, living with fear or without it, we have to keep working." @ From La Estrella de Arica newspaper, October 3, 1984: Last week forty Indians were killed from the Pirus and Panos tribes of the Amazon region near Yarinacocha. This is the most recent in a series of attacks by loggers who come into the area, set up camps and dedicate themselves to hunting Indians. The Indians are defending their limited sources of subsistence. The loggers not only invade their land and cut their trees, but also exterminate animals that are traditionally hunted; and they try to remove the Indians from their land. This critical situation is compounded by petroleum drilling in the area by the Shell corporation of the United States. ® Two reports give further information. Just released, Abdicating Democratic Authority. Oct., 1984. 161 pages. Write Americas Watch, 712 G Street, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20003. $8. Peru: Torture and Extrajudicial Executions: Fall 1983. 49 pages. Amnesty International USA, 304 West 58th Street, New York, New York 10019. $3. BOLIVIA In this country, where over BO% of the population is Indian, there has been no positive government response to various Indian requests. What is worse, there is the constant threat of a facist coup that would initiate another blood bath. One of the Indian leaders at the conference said, "Until the Indian majority takes power and forms a government that represents the people, there can be no justice Kollasuya 11 (Bolivia). BRAZIL A Tupai, people year after the assassination of one of the main Indian leaders of Brazil, by a group of large land owners who had confiscated Indian land, the continue in the midst of struggle. Three representatives from Brazil Vol. 1, no. 2. Fall, 1984. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 2 (Fall 1984) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1984 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Bolivia Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (6).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Issue 2 Volume 1 Pages 6 Abstract Note "until the Indian majority takes power and forms a government that represents the people, there can be no justice in Kollasuya, Bolivia." Bolivia Kollasuya https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/49086343553aa55809c20abb1f4e5562.pdf d90bf4949bc2568826552618900fb463 PDF Text Text SAIIC: What are the current issues that your community faces? NILDA: Now the people from the city of Cuzco want to construct an airport in the valley where Chincheros is located. The business people of Cuzco want the airport constructed without giving any importance to the people of Chincheros. Our town and lands will be destroyed. But now more and more, we Indians are becoming organized, so we can fight and resist these things such as the airport. Before, the Indian people were like a kind of slave or employee who was worth nothing, who shouldn't ask questions or give opinions to those who were the bosses. But now this kind of organization has changed. SAIIC: What has made this change? NILDA: The young people are learning more year after year. SAIIC: Perhaps there will be a better future? NILDA: Yes, but who knows? Now with the economic situation, we don't really know what is going to happen. The devaluation is too much; it is incredibly exaggerated. In 1981 the sol exchange rate was 450 per dollar. Now it is 10,000 per dollar. It is an extremely grave problem. Every child who is born in Peru has debts from the time he or she is born. From the time he or she is in the womb, they have debts that can never be repaid by the time they die, no matter how hard they work. We have to work each day to repay these debts. It is an impossible situation. SAIIC: Do you have a message for Indian people in the United States? NILDA: Yes. It is a pleasure to give a warm greeting from a Peruvian Indian from the Cuzco area, from a very small community where there are many weavers and where we work growing corn and potatoes. ***URGENT BULLETIN*** The missionary Irma Cleusa, coordinator of the Regional Indigenous Council of Puru in northern Brazil, was found assassinated May 3. Indian leaders have accused local landowners of her death. BOLIVIA From Boletin Chitakolla (subscription $10; send a bank order to Sr. Eduardo Genaro Conde Quispe, Casilla 20214, Correa Central, La Paz, Bolivia): "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 10 �called during the coming year. In Bolivia, with six million inhabitants, it is calculated that there are almost 3 million voters. Of these over one million are unable to vote due to the absence of polling places and voter registration in rural districts, which means that over one million Indians will not be able to vote. In spite of many problems, Indian political action takes many forms. There are currently 11 registered Indian political parties: MRTK: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari PI: Partido Indio MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 1) MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 2) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 1) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 2) FIAT: Frente Indio Amautico de Tawantinsuyu FINA: Frente Indio Nacional MRTK-LN: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari de Liberacion Nacional MRRK: Movimiento Revolucionario Restaurador del Kollasuyu." MOVIMIENTOS INDIOS Y ELECCIONES NACIONALES Also from Boletin Chitakolla: "It has been more than two hundred years since the wars of Indian liberation led by Tupak Amaru and Tupak Katari. A war of liberation ends when the cause of justice triumphs, or when the enemy totally destroys the people. "Consequently, it is clear that the Indian war of liberation continues. Obviously we no longer live in the 1800's. There now exist new conditions at the national and international level. The forms of domination have changed, but the essence is the same: in this country there does not exist a truly free nation that is independent, proud of its past, and with political sovereignty. Tupak Katari wisely saw into the future when, before he was executed, he announced the triumph of the Indian cause: "Me alone you will kill, but tomorrow I will return, and I will be millions. 11 CHILE The Huilliches (peoples of the south) live in the provinces of Osorno and the island of Chiloe in southern Chile. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the subsequent formation of the Chilean state, this area was called Butahuillimapu, the big land to the south. For centuries, the Huilliches were subject to the Spanish crown, and Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 1 '! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Bolivia Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (10-11).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 10-11 Abstract Note "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be called during the coming year. Bolivia Elections H. Siles Suazo https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/369d2453de1e813c0fcc99a8b86bd68b.pdf 8b468604d09d39d4401d9172cfdc8d2a PDF Text Text DA U G H TE R S OF ABYA YA L A Bolivia, a mining country, hosting Women and Mining Conference in 2000 In January 1997, women from all over the world involved in mining met in Baguio City, Philippines for the First International Women and Mining Conference. Women, particularly Indigenous women, have long been uniquely affected by and involved in the mining that goes on in their countries. With the expan~on of large scale mining and its inevitable dependence on the global market, women have been faced with changes to the organization of their societies, their economic systems, their interpersonal relationships, their natural environments as well as the health of themselves and their children. Despite their hardships and sacrifices, Indigenous women have often been invisible in the mining world. In many countries local women's groups and community organizations formed to confront the reality of the effects of mining on their cultures and the environment and to come up with ways to reverse the negative effect that mining had on their lives at the individual. familial and community level. These organizations began to see more and more the need to interact with other like-minded organizations at a regional and international level. The NGO, Minewatch (England) was instrumental in forming an international network of women mine workers to coordinate with one another and share information. Minewatch, together with the Women Workers Program, organized and hosted the First International Women and Mining Conference in the Philippines, the first of its kind. Representing their organizations, unions and Indigenous communities, women from Latin America, Africa, Asia, the Pacific and North America shared their experiences of multinational mining and discussed ways to resist its threats to their lives and communities. The delegates developed strategies for collaborating and supporting each other. Respondin9 to the urgency of their needs, the delegates decided to organize reg<onal events after the Conference and to strengthen their existing networks. Plans are now under way for the Second International Women and Mining Conference to be hosted by CEPROMIN (Centro de Promocion Minera) in Bolivia in 2000. The organization hopes to bring 50 delegates representing all of the continents. The objectives of the Second International Conference are: to discover the shared and the particular situation and specific problems of the women in mining zones around the world, to facilitate the exchange of ipformation concerning the impact of rl)inlng:'and. to denounce Human rights-violations, both territorial and culture. <IS well as the ecological disasters and health ramifications of mining activities. Other goals are to utilize the shared creativity of all those present to come Opwith tactics to improve the conditions of life in mining z'ones, and to establish links between organizations and bet)'lleen the countries to work on common issues and 10 negotiate before the pertinent organizations at the governmental and international levels. The themes of the Second International Conference On Women and Mining will be those issues of central concern to the women and their organizations. T~ese concern~relate to the changes at the global level in regard to mining exploitation,...the infor111al and invisible work of women mineworkers (related to the global tendency to informalize and undeNalue the c0ntributions of women's work, following the model of domestic labor), the conditions of life, health and education, a'nd the effeczts of the expan~on of mining into new areas and its real impact on the ecosystem and lhe culture). Bolivie, the si e of the upcoming conference, is a country with a long history of mining. Its inhabitants have seen first ~a~d lhe ext(aordioa<y impact of mining on the politics, environment and socio-economic dynamic of this country. The organizations <n Bolivia have fought for decades for their survival, their rights and their dignity despite the massacres and militarization of their communities. CEPROMIN has extensive documentation of the severe health effects of mining on Indigenous women in Bolivia.Native women miners suffer respitory illnesses, skin diseases. muscular afflictions and die young from the compounded polluting effects of life in the mines. lnfomtalion from CEPROMIN, Mujeres y Minerla Hacia la Segunda CotiferenGia lnttrnacional For more information: CEPROMIN (ttl) 00591-2 35 94 02 (/ax) 00591-2 37 39 83 (e-mail) cepromin@caoba.tnttlnttbo GOntaCf Vol. 11 No. 1 23 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia, a mining country, hosting Women and Mining conference in 2000 Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia, a mining country, hosting Women and Mining conference in 2000 Item Type Journal Article Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 23 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1998 Language English Abstract Note Women from all over the world participated in the First International Women and Mining Conference, bringing their struggles and hardships forward in an area where they are largely invisible and underrepresented. Attachment Title Bolivia_A_Mining_Country_hosting_Women_and_Mining_Confrence_in 2000.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia mining Women https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/9a572e68c45cd459857a74385b0a9d3a.pdf 28f12129ac218ede374f2cfc02170735 PDF Text Text BOLIVIA Indian organizations in South America mourn the death of Zenobia Ayala, who was a During his 43 years Zenobia was founding member and active participant in MITKA-1. involved in the Bolivian Indian movement, both as a strategist and an activist. An editorial in the CISA newsletter comments, "We will have your example to continue the struggle for the rights of our people." COLOMBIA In the Cauca region of Colombia there is an ongoing struggle over land between indigenous communities and those who use the land for growing sugar cane. Clashes between indigenous communities, hacendados and government forces have resulted in many deaths. In a recent letter to President Betancur of Colombia, Trino Morales, president of ONIC (Drganizacion Nacional de Indigenas de Colombia, Apartado Aereo 32395, Bogota, Colombia), stated: "Today we wish t~ live in reace, not at war. We are tired of this state of seige and for that reason urge you as president to respect our culture, our officials, our autonomy and to assure us of the maintenance of our indigenous lands." NICARAGUA The peace talks between the Nicaraguan government and the Miskito Indian organization MISURASATA have been postponed. They will be held in Bogota, Colombia, on February 22. Luis Carrion, Vice-minister of the Interior, will be representing the government of Nicaragua, and Brooklin Rivera will be representing MISURASATA. These talks are facilitated by the governments of France, Sweden, Colombia, and by organizations such as the World Council of Indigenous Cultural Survival. Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Mexico, Peoples and and Page 8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 3 (Winter 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia, Colombia, and Nicaragua Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Bolivia, Colombia, and Nicaragua Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 3 (8).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note Indian organizations in South America mourn the death of Zenobia Ayala, who was a founding member and active participant in MITKA-1. Issue 3 Language English Pages 8 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Bolivia Colombia Nicaragua https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/85f6d07b73145deb448c13f656e47bf9 b29bd1e698305cdeb3099ea7355b8605 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (23).pdf PDF Text Text - - - - - - 1 HIJAS DE B Y A YA l A i En enero de 1997 se realizó la Primera Conferencia Internacional Sobre Mujeres y la Minería en la ciudad de Baguio, Filipinas. Las mujeres Indígenas han sido afectadas considerablemente por la minería en sus países respectivos y al mismo tiempo han estado bastante involucradas en varias actividades mineras. Con la expansión de las actividades de grandes empresas mineras y su inevitable dependencia del mercado mundial, mujeres mineras enfrentan cambios en sus organizaciones sociales y económicos, en la forma de relacionarse con la humanidad, el medio ambiente y también en su salud y la de sus niños. A pesar de las dificultades y los sacrificios de estas mujeres, las mujeres Indígenas frecuentamente pasan desapercibidas en el mundo minero. En muchos países, organizaciones locales de mujeres y grupos comunitarios se han formado para enfrentar las realidades de la vida minera y comprender sus efectos culturales, sociales y ambientales. También tratan de desarrollar propuestas y acciones para contrarrestar los efectos negativos de las actividades mineras en su entorno natural y en su vida individual, familiar y colectiva. Esas organizaciones presentaron más y más la necesidad de un enlace y de una coordinación regional e internacional. Por este motivo, "Minewatch," una ONG con sede en Inglaterra, que funciona como una red internacional de información y coordinación de organizaciones que trabajan en el tema minero, asumió la tarea de impulsar también una red de mujeres en este sector. Minewatch y el Programa de Mujeres Trabajadoras organizaron la Primera Conferencia Internacional de Mujeres y la Minería en Filipinas. Delegadas de organizaciones locales, sindicatos y comunidades Indígenas de Africa, Asia, América del Sur, Centroamérica, América del Norte y el Pacífico discutían la necesidad de resistir las amenazas a sus familias y a sus comunidades. Las delegadas compartieron sus inquietudes y desafíos en sus experiencias con la minería y elaboraron estrategias de cooperación y solidaridad internacional. Para dar respuesta a la necesidad de profundizar los contactos, decidieron organizar eventos regionales, dando seguimiento a .la conferencia y fortaleciendo la cooperación y coordinación regionales. Ya están planeando la Segunda Conferencia, por CEPROMIN (Centro de Promoción Minera), con sede en Bolivia para el año 2000. Para esta conferencia se busca la participación de 50 delegadas de los continentes. Algunos objetivos de esta conferencia son: conocer la situación y los problemas específicos individuales y comunes de las mujeras en zonas mineras en los diferentes países; facilitar el intercambio de información sobre los afectos de la minería; y denunciar las violaciones de derechos humanos, territoriales y culturales, así como los desastres ecológicos y las ramificaciones patológicas de las actividades mineras. Otras metas incluyen la utilización de la creatividad compartida de todos los presentes, a fin de identificar tácticas para el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida en las zonas mineras, y establecer vínculos entre organizaciones y entre países para el trabajo sobre plataformas comunes y la negociación ante organizaciones pertinentes, al nivel gubernamental e internacional. Los temas de la conferencia serán asuntos importantes que conciernen a las mujeres y a sus organizaciones. Estos temas tocarán tos cambios a nivel global en las formas de explotación minera; el trabajo informal e invisible de las mujeres en las minas (vinculado a tendencias globales de informalizar el trabajo de mujeres, siguiendo el modelo del trabajo doméstico); las malas condiciones de vida, salud y educación en las comunidades mineras; y los efectos ecológicos y culturales de la expansión de la minería. Bolivia, sede de la conferencia, es un país con una larga tradición minera. Sus habitantes han visto el impacto extraordinario de la minería en la historia, en la política, en el medio ambiente y en la dinámica socio-económica de su país. Organizaciones en Bolivia han luchado en muchas ocasiones por su sobrevivencia, sus derechos y su dignidad, a pesar de los atropellos, masacres y la militarización de sus comunidades. CEPROMIN, por ejemplo, ha documentado los efectos horribles en la salud de las mujeres trabajadoras Indígenas en Bolivia. Ellas sufren enfermedades de la piel, de los pulmones y de los músculos. Muchas se mueren bastante jovenes por la contaminación de las minas. Información de CEPROMIN, Mujeres y Minería Hacía la Segunda Conferencia Internacional. Para mas información contactar a CEPROMIN (te!) 00591-2 35 94 02 (jax) 00591-2 37 39 83 (e-mail) cepromín@caoba.entelnet.bo Vol. 11 No. 1 23 j � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, No. 1 (1998) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia, pais Minero, Sede de la Conferencia Internacional de Mujeres Mineras del ano 2000 Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1998 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Bolivia, pais Minero, Sede de la Conferencia Internacional de Mujeres Mineras del ano 2000 Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 11, no. 1 (23).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 1 Language Spanish Publication Title Noticias de Abya Yala Volume 11 Abstract Note Bolivia will host the Women and Mining Conference, an international meeting that seeks to address the negative effects of mining on communities, in 2000. Pages 23 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7e1d94263a0b0baea10da54e02c40209.pdf 6f9c3f68a48be084568445cd81f447e3 PDF Text Text BOLIVIA Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation IntheruralconununltyofSanAndres de Machaca, ln the Ingavt Province of the Department of La Paz. traditional forms of SOCial and politiCal organiZation have prevalled over the nation-state proposals to assimilate Indigenous cultures. FollOWing the reconunendatlonsofthe October 1992 National Congress of the Confederation of Campeslno Unions of Bollvta, csurcs. areglonalcongressgatheredonAprU 10-11. 1993,ln the proVince ofingavt. Four hundred and fifty Indigenous campes!no delegates, angry at established political parties of the left and the rlght who had manipulated their leaders In the past centwy. unanlmouslyvoted to dissolve theformercampes!no union and replace It with a Federation of Ayllus and Indigenous Nations. GtMro Oliver continued SAIJC: Would you like to add anything to thls InterView? GO: lwouldllketolet people know that thls kind of direct lntervtew with a true representative of an Indigenous community allows others to learn about what 1s really happening In thoseconununltles. 'n"avellngln Europe. we have found that Invited political representatives are often people diSengaged from the Indigenous Peoples. Many no longer live nor know what 1s happening In the communities themselves. Vol 7 Hum 1 & 2 Paulino Guarachi. executive secretary of the CSUTCB. and Florenclo Mendoza of theTupaqKatariFederatlon attended the congress but only as guests.Thelndfgenous The province oflngavi is rei!ISfoting its 1ndigenous campes!nos of San autlwritit s Andres de Machaca discussed how traditional Aransaya and Ur!nsaya sections of the conununlty have relnStltutedaconununalreglmewheremallku and momata'qua. the Indigenous authorities. follow the ancient dictates of thelr ancestors. Political power has also been restored to the elders of the conununlty. The native authorities believe that the Anuqara. UWlk'u. and sallka, corrupt local politicians of the past. had betrayed the community by selllng the political positions of the traditional authorities to national political parties. 'The result was the transformation of thelndlgenousconununlty!ntoanurbandomlnatedappendlxofthe nation-state. which has only sporadiCally answered the needs of the community Itself." Conununity representatives at the congress agreed to end all alllll.ation with political parties, speak and Write AymaraSpanlsh and respect cultural traditions. Source: Aqul La Paz, Bo!Cvta 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 25 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Aymaras of San Andrés de Machaca in Bolivia, frustrated with politcal parties' manipulation of their leaders, dissolved the campesino union and replaced it with a traditonal Ayllu Federation. Attachment Title Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Ayllu Federation Bolivia https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/c88ac723a2d39cf3f5fc56478ad26a28.pdf 20524393ce119ad990fe6c37d3566997 PDF Text Text BOLIVIA Curacas and Jilakatas Recover their Authority 'Wonum from differenl regions will be mee1ing and working together to solve ow common problems" Indigenous Women Organizing National Encounter For more informa· lion pleose contact: Coordinodora de Mujeres lndigenas de Bolivia Ca sillo 23 15 La Pa z, Bolivia Tel: (592)(2) 36 99 63 Fax: (592)(2) 39 13 65 26 The First National Encounter oOndlgenous women of Bolivia w1ll be held from June21-23. 19931nthehiStorlcaiTiwanalru. ThiS encounter IS the culmination of two years ofgrass roots community organlzlng by Bolivian women. The encounter IS being organlzed by the Coordinating Commtsslon of lndlgenous Women of Bolivia whiCh IS made up of the following organl7.atlons: Centro de Dtscusl6n Ideol6gica de Ia Mujer Aymara (COlMA), Organl7-aci6n de Mujeres Aymaras del KoUasuyu (OMAKl. Coordlnadora de Mujeres Jndigenas del Benl (CMIB). Federacl6n Nactonal Campeslna Bartollna Stsa (FNMCBS).MujeresPastorasdelaAsoclacl6n de Crtadores de Camellda and Asoclacl6n Nactonal de Mujeres Radlallstas (ANRCINB). The Coordlnaung CommiSSion of Jndlgenous women ofBollv!a IS a member of the CoordlnaungCommtsslonofWomenofSouth and Meso America and of CONIC. More than 600 delegates are expected to partlclpate. Two representaUves from SAIIC w1ll be attending the encounter as observers. 'The strength ofthts encounter IS that women from different regions w1ll be meeung and working together to solve our common problems." sa!dAllcla Canavlrt(Aymara).President of the Coordlnaung Commission of lndlgenous Women of Bolivia. Financial support IS needed. On December 7. 1992. the first AssemblyoOndlgenousAuthorltlesoftheSouthern Altiplano was held to define the function of Indlgenous communal authorities. ThiS assembly, organb:ed by the ReglonaiFederatlonofSouthernAltlplanoFarmers (FRUTCAS). took place In Tomave. In the Potosi region of Bolivia. The attendees emphasl?.ed the necessity for Curacas (prtmary traditional leaders) and Jllakatas (those In secondary positions) to regain the authority they had years ago. "With the traditional leaders In place we did not have as many problems. But since the government Imposed political authorities (Corregidores) and agents In charge of the Cantons. problems multiplied. resulung In confllctamongbrothers.·theattendeesstated. The regional delegates noted that tradltlonaUytheindlgenousauthorltleshadmalntalned a harmonious relationship between nature and the local populations. They concerned themselves with such tssues as assurIng that evexyone within their jurtsdlction maintain orderly and dlgn.Ul.ed life. However, In recent times the role of these leaders has been reduced to organlzlng community festivals and carnivals. The local attendees explained that traditional authorities dlstlngu!Shed themselves In their own communities by their attire. CuracasandJilakataswore a poncho, a Uuch'u (hat) and a ceremonlal cane. These leaders were the only ones who could dress In thiS manner, thuscommandlngrespect. Source: Aqu~ Bo!Ma Dec. 18, 1992 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Curacas and Jilakatas Recover their Authority Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: Curacas and Jilakatas Recover their Authority Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 26 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous leaders assemble to try to restore the power of Indigenous authorities. Attachment Title Curacas and Jilakatas Recover their Authority.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia Curacas FRUTCAS Jilakatas https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/48b6338bec63918a35258a977a4f26e1 8c245477b723175149c0220674991db1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (24-25).pdf PDF Text Text __ E_D_I O _______ M_B_I_E N_T E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 1 1: ! as es CULO SE PUBLICÓ ORIGINALMENTE EN ALIADAS," VOL 35, 12 FEBRERO 1gg8. n un intento por defender su sobre- vivencia, las comunidades Indígenas del territorio Indígena y reserva bios- férica Pilón Lajas, en el norteño departamento del Beni, se han unido contra una de las empresas madereras más grandes de la zona. Chimanes, Mosetenes y Tacanas se han unido con el .1 gobierno municipal de Rurrenabaque y Veterinarios Sin Fronteras (VSF)-organización no gubernamental francesa que supervisa la administración de Pilón Lajas -para expulsar a la empresa maderera boliviana Berna. --- 24 ----·--·---·--- ---------- - - - - - Noticias de Abya Yala �M "Demandamos que las autoridades 40 años, pero deben cumplir con regulaexpulsen a las empresas madereras del ciones sobre manejo sostenible del territorio, y que bosque. nunca más regre"El ÉXITO O sen," dijo Bernán Asimismo, la norma otorga a los Soto, secretario de pueblos indígenas el derecho exclusivo FRACASO DE lA Cultura de San Luis de usar sus recursos del bosque como ZONA PilÓN Chico. Pero Berna tierras comunales en territorio reservado tiene una concesión para grupos étnicos. Las áreas protegidas otorgada por el go- suman algo más de 9.5 millones de ESTABlECIDA bierno del expresi- hectareas, los territorios indígenas repredente Gonzalo sentan más de un millón y las conceCOMO Sánchez de Lozada siones forestales abarcan más de 21 miRIO INDÍGENA Y (1993-1997), por lo llones (NA, jul. 18, 1996). que la batalla está RESERVA muy lejos de termi"Las empresas BIOSFÉRICA nar. El contracto no ·madereras y los expira hasta el año taladores EN 1991inde2001. pendientes cortan DEPENDE DE SI los árboles sobre SE CONTROLA "El éxito o fracaso de los que tenemos Pilón títulos de prola zona O NO A lA Lajas-establecida priedad, sin dar INDUSTRIA como territorio indí- nada a cambio a gena y reserva bios- las comunidades," MADERERA." férica en 1991- manifestó Soto. depende si se con- Robinson y los trola o no a la industria maderera," digo grupos Indígenas Daniel. Robinson, coordinador nacional de Pilón Lajas han de VSF Las reservas forestales bolivianas creado un preceestán consideradas entre las más ricas del dente de resistenmundo, con más de 2,500 especies de cia. En 1996, VSF árboles. entabló un juicio contra las madeLa coalición contra Berna dice que reras Bella Vista y esta empresa, junto con hordas de ta- El Pino por trabajar sin contratos. Por ladores independientes, están defo- primera vez en Bolivia, se suspendieron restando permanentamente las supuestas las actividades de las empresas. Una teráreas protegidas. "Están talando varias cera compañía, Selva Negra, abandonó el especies de madera, principalmente área voluntariamente. caoba, y vendiendolas a precios elevados," dijo Soto. El represenBerna es ahora la empresa más grande que opera en Pilón Lajas tante mosetene Macario Canare "POR CADA aseguró además que "Por cada y va a ser difícil de desalojada. tronco de caoba que ellos Robinson dice que los abogados TRONCO extraen, se afecta a otros 70 de VSF acaban de concluir "una árboles." extensa investigación sobre los CAOBA QUE documentos legales de Berna, y La actividad maderera tamtienen evidencias de que las EllOS bién está amenazando la caza prácticas de tala de la empresa tradicional de la que dependen no cumplen con la ley forestal." las comunidades Indígenas. Por ejemplo, Berna debería AFECTA A "Los taladores cazan animales haber introducido el programa para alimentarse, y el sonido de de reforestación, detallado en OTROS sus máquinas espanta a otros," su contrato original, y sus dijo Canare. empleados continúan cazando a ÁRBOLES." pesar de que está prohibido. La ley forestal boliviana, aprobada en 1996, permite otorgar con"Es la esperanza de todos que Berna cesiones forestales al sector privado por esté expulsado, pero Berna tiene mucho Vol. 11 No. 1 E D 1 o MBIENTE poder aquí," explicó Robinson. La industria maderera es parte importante de la economía local, y mucha gente quiere que se quede. Rurrenabaque, localidad a fronteriza a orillas del río Beni, obtiene sus ingresos de la extracción de caoba de Pilón Lajas. La mayoría de las viviendas están construídas de caoba de segunda clase y es un secreto a voces que el aserradero local corta madera talada ilegalmente. A pesar de sus defectos, la nueva ley forestal ha empezado a controlar el flujo de madera fuera del área. Al controlar la tala con inventarios forestales y planes de extracción, la zona podría desarrollar un futuro más sostenible. "La gente se ha dado cuenta de que limitando su producción todavia pueden ganar buen dinero. Como el volumen [de madera extraída] ha caído en Rurrenabaque, el precio se ha duplicado," afirmó Robinson. Pero estos pequeños avances se ven amenazados por la tala a gran escala, no sostenible, como las operaciones de Berna en Pilón Lajas. "Si [Bernal] no es expulsado de esta zonia, peideremos todos," dijo Robinson. "Empresas independientes van a decir, 'Si no van a expulsar las empresas grandes, entonces, ¿por qúe debemos salir nosotros?"' Pero a pesar de los obstáculos, la gente de las comunidades Indígenas de Pilón Lajas está decidida a defender la reserva. "Es nuestro derecho el proteger nuestro territorio," dice Canare. "Si la tala no se detiene, perderemos el futuro por el que estamos luchando."~ 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, No. 1 (1998) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Defendiendo el Bosque Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1998 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Bolivia: Defendiendo el Bosque Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 11, no. 1 (24-25).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 1 Language Spanish Publication Title Noticias de Abya Yala Volume 11 Author Jaime Grant Abstract Note Indigenous communities, non-governmental agencies, and native leaders unite to confront the Bolivian logging company Berna. Pages 24-25 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/9c8416177c42ecf3b6a580dc4df4ef6b.pdf 50e6c6b19268e3440a7687c260163b0a PDF Text Text BOLIVIA Indians Seek representation • Peasant 1n Confederation Interview with Genaro Oliver, CSUTCB The follow ing is an tlltervtew with Cena:ro Oliver. an active member qf the Con· federaJ:(l)n of CompesiJlo UniOns of Bolivia (CSUTCB). We spok e w ith him t1l Genoa. Italy tJt August 1992. at the Soconas/lnoomlndlos meeting ofEuropean organiZaltons tJt solldar· ily wllh the Indian NatiOns of the Amerk:an ConttJtenL We offer Mr. Oliver's perspective as a new current wlthtll the CSUTCB. His matll tenant Is that the Campestllo Con federatiOn must consider the reality qfe thniC identity. SAIIC: Who do you represent Genaro Ollver? "The name 'Confederation of·Campesino Unions' shows the lack of genuine representation of the Indigenous peo ple of Bolivia" 24 Genaro Ollver: I am a member of the Confederation of Campes!no UnJons of Bo· Uvta (CSlJI'CB). The CSlJI'CB IS organ.lzlng the First Meeting of Natlonalltles In October 1992. This First Meeting seeks to bring together aU I.n dlgenous Peoples of Bo!Ma. and Us main objectiveIs to regain the participation of the lndJgenous Peoples that have not been taken Into account by the Campeslno Confed· eratlon. Thename"ConfederatlonofCampeslno Untons · s hows the lack of genuine representation ofthe lndJgenous people of Bo!Ma. The name Indicates that the organ.tzatlon represents "untons·. and unions were tmported from Europe. The term "campeslno" (peas· ant) Is antmposed nameasweU.In the "lndJgenous Peoples Meeting" we would Uke to reestabUsh our ancient ways of organiZing ourselves. SAIIC: What Is the Labor Confederation of Bollv!a's (COB) position? GO: The COB Is rethlnk!ng some Is· sues. IftheCampeslno Confederation tries to reestabUsh contactwtth Its lndJgenousbase. theCOBwlllalsohavetoaddressthetssueof representation. At the moment It only represents waged workers but not lndJgenous Peoples. SAIIC: Do you belleve that out of the meeting a larger entity wlll artse. maybe an entity that wlll be larger than the cu rrent COB or even the CSlJI'CB? GO: This Is what we are thinking. The lndJgenous people are a majortty. There aremoreofusthantherearewagedworkers. and waged workers are not the only people to be represented. We think there wlll be Interesting discussions wtth other workers' organ.tzatlons. SAIIC: What Is your oplnton about women's participation In the lndJgenous Peoples' Meeting? GO: This Is a topic that wlll have to be discussed by women. There Is a large women 's organJ? .atlon which Is a part of the Campeslno Confederation. But as Is the casewtth Indigenous people. the Campes!no Confederatlondoesnot adequatelydealwtth the problems ofwomen . Their partiCipation as women and as Indian women In thelndJgenous Peoples' Meeting wlll be extremely tmportant. Abya Yala News �BOLIVIA Aymaras Replace Peasant Union with Traditional Ayllu Federation IntheruralconununltyofSanAndres de Machaca, ln the Ingavt Province of the Department of La Paz. traditional forms of SOCial and politiCal organiZation have prevalled over the nation-state proposals to assimilate Indigenous cultures. FollOWing the reconunendatlonsofthe October 1992 National Congress of the Confederation of Campeslno Unions of Bollvta, csurcs. areglonalcongressgatheredonAprU 10-11. 1993,ln the proVince ofingavt. Four hundred and fifty Indigenous campes!no delegates, angry at established political parties of the left and the rlght who had manipulated their leaders In the past centwy. unanlmouslyvoted to dissolve theformercampes!no union and replace It with a Federation of Ayllus and Indigenous Nations. GtMro Oliver continued SAIJC: Would you like to add anything to thls InterView? GO: lwouldllketolet people know that thls kind of direct lntervtew with a true representative of an Indigenous community allows others to learn about what 1s really happening In thoseconununltles. 'n"avellngln Europe. we have found that Invited political representatives are often people diSengaged from the Indigenous Peoples. Many no longer live nor know what 1s happening In the communities themselves. Vol 7 Hum 1 & 2 Paulino Guarachi. executive secretary of the CSUTCB. and Florenclo Mendoza of theTupaqKatariFederatlon attended the congress but only as guests.Thelndfgenous The province oflngavi is rei!ISfoting its 1ndigenous campes!nos of San autlwritit s Andres de Machaca discussed how traditional Aransaya and Ur!nsaya sections of the conununlty have relnStltutedaconununalreglmewheremallku and momata'qua. the Indigenous authorities. follow the ancient dictates of thelr ancestors. Political power has also been restored to the elders of the conununlty. The native authorities believe that the Anuqara. UWlk'u. and sallka, corrupt local politicians of the past. had betrayed the community by selllng the political positions of the traditional authorities to national political parties. 'The result was the transformation of thelndlgenousconununlty!ntoanurbandomlnatedappendlxofthe nation-state. which has only sporadiCally answered the needs of the community Itself." Conununity representatives at the congress agreed to end all alllll.ation with political parties, speak and Write AymaraSpanlsh and respect cultural traditions. Source: Aqul La Paz, Bo!Cvta 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Indians Seek representation in Peasant Confederation: Interview with Genaro Oliver, CSUTCB Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: Indians Seek representation in Peasant Confederation: Interview with Genaro Oliver, CSUTCB Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 24-25 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note SAIIC interviews Genaro Oliver, member of the Confederation of Campesino Unions of Bolivia (CSUTCB). Genaro Oliver believes the organization must consider the reality of ethnic identity. Attachment Title Indians Seek Representation in Peasant Confederation.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia CSUTCB Oliver Genaro saiic https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/da01a85f671d9229834010ee1703bdff.pdf cecc27b6750119523278d6f49aa323cf PDF Text Text ENV I RONMEN .:._ _ __ T • • ous people r forest ng local communities, ps and non-governmental off against a major I n a bid to prote<t their livchhoods. the Indigenous communities of the PilOn Lajas lndigenotl.S Territory and Biosphere Reserve in Bolivia's northern Bcni department have united against one of the areaS biggest logging companies. The Chimane. Mosttcne and Tacana peoples have joined forces with the Rurrenabaque municipal gov· cmmem and Veterinarians \Vithout Borders (VSF), a French NGO which oversees administration of Pi16n lajas. to ban the Berna logging compa1\y from the reserve. 24 A'<Yta Yala News �ENVIRONMENT ..\Ve want the :tuthoritie-s to throw out 1hc logging companies. so 1hey leave 1he lCrrilOl')' for good : said Bern~n SolO. "THE SUCCESS cuhure secretary or OR FAILURE OF San luis Chico. Berna, however, has THE PILON a legal concession issued by former LA)AS AREA, Presidcm Gonzalo DESIGNATED AS SAnchez de Loz..'lda AN INDIGENOUS (1993·1997). and TERRITORY AND ahhougluhc compa· ny has not resumed BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN 1991, DEPENDS ON WHETHER OR NOT THE LOGGING INDUSTRY IS CONTROllED" logging in the area, 1he baule is far from over. Berna$ logging contract does not expire umil 2011. "The success or fail· ure of 1he Pil6n L'ljas area, designated as an Indigenous territory and biosphere rescnre in 1991. derxmds on whether or not the logging indusuy is controlled," s..<tid Daniel Robinson, national coordinator of VSF. Bolivia$ forest reserves are considered among the worldS richest, \\i lh more 1han 2.500 species of 1rees. The coalition against Berna s.c1.y that the company, along with hoards o£ inde· pendem loggers. is steadily deforesting 1hc supposedly pro1ec1ed area. ' They are tearing out various timber SJ>Ccics. 1nain· ly mahogan)', and selling them for excellent prices; Soto said. In addition , ~vlosetene representative Macario Canare said. "For every mahogany trunk they take om , they cut down 70 more trees geuing to it." logging also 1hrea1ens Ira· ditional hunting grounds on which Indigenous communi· ties depend for their livelihood. '"The loggers hunt animals in 1he jungle for food. and 1he sound of their machines scares many more away... Canare said. lov.red. The law givts Indigenous people the exdusive right to tase foreSt resources on commur~al land in territory reserved for Indigenous groups. Protected art.as indude more than 9.5 million hectares, while Indigenous areas amount to about 1 million hectarts. In comrasl. more than 21 million hectares have been granted il'l foresiTy concessions (NA jul)' 18. 1996). ''The lumber companies and indepen· dent loggers are taking away tree-s that we have title to. withOUl giving anything i11 return to the communities ... Soto said. Robinson and the Indigenous peo· pies of Pil6n L'ljas argue that local communities should a1 leas1 gel a pcrcemage of loggers' pror.lS. The Indigenous communities have created a prece· dem of resistance and some head· way has been made in defending Pil6n lajas. In 1996. VSF sued 1he !lelia Visla and El Pino logging companies for working without comracts, and they were forced to suspend operations, the first time such action had ever been 1akcn. A 1hird company. Selva Negra, lef1 the area volumaril)~ Bema. the largest comp..1ny remaining in Pil6n L1jas, is proving hard 10 dislodge. Robinson said VSF "FOR EVERY lawyers have "extensive evi· dence lha1 lhe cornpanys log· MAHOGANY ging prncticcs do not comply TRUNK THEY wilh 1he foremy law." For example, Bema has not begun TAKE OUT, THEY 1he reforeSialion program CUT DOWN 70 de1ailed in ilS original con1rac1. and its employees continue to MORE TREES hum for food, ahhough Imming is prohibited. many people want Bema to stay. Rumnabaquc, a frontier settlement on the Scni River. thrives on lite exlt'ac· lion of mahogany from Pil6n L'ljas. Mos1 or the town is built from second·rnte mahog...tny. and it is an open secret that 1he local s.'wmill culS illegally harveSled wood into commercial planks. Despite its shortcomings, the new forestry law has staned to control the flow of wood fron't the area. By allowing people to make a living from logging. but regulating the indus· try through forest inventories and extrnction plans. the area could have a S\.lStainable more future. ..People have realized that by limit· ing their output they can s1ill make good mone>~ Since the vol· umc has dropped in R\lrrenabaque, the price of lumber has almoSl doubled: Robinson said. But these small advances are threatened by large·scale. unsus· tainablc operations like llemas in Pil6n Lajas. "If l&rnal isn't thrown out, then the whole lhing will fall 1hrongh. lndeJ>endcm loggers will 'If 1hcy'rc not going to make the big guys leave the protected areas, then why should we lleavel?" Robinson said. '"'Y· Despite the obstacles, the Indigenous communities in Pil6n l.aja arc detem'tined to protect the restrve. ..ItS our right to protect our territory," C.'\nare &'tid. "lf we can't control il, and if this logging doesn't stop. we lose the fumre we are fighting for." ~ GETTING TO Bolivia's forts~ry law, passed w is everyoneS fervent hope it in 1996. allows 1he governIT." ment to lease forests to private that Berna will be thrown out, companies in 40·year conces· but tht)' are very powerful sions. providing regulations governing here,- Robinson said. The logging indussustainable forest management are fol· try is imponant to the local economy, and Vol. 11 No.1 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia: Indigenous People Fight for Forest, An alliance among local communities, Indigenous groups and non-governmental organizations faces off against a major logging company. Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grant Jaime Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia: Indigenous People Fight for Forest, An alliance among local communities, Indigenous groups and non-governmental organizations faces off against a major logging company. Item Type Journal Article Author Jaime Grant Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 24-25 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1998 Language English Abstract Note The Indigenous communities of the Pilon Lajas Indigenous Territory and Biosphere Reserve have challenged a large logging company, asking for their overthrow. They claim that logging causes negative environmental, health, ad social effects. Attachment Title Bolivia_Indigenous_People_fight_for_forest.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Beni Bolivia Logging Pilon Lajas Indigenous Territory and Biosphere Reserve