15 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/6c82a6599144b23f27e2375627daab93 4c8311ec575cca9e068a1eb69d1a8a58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 9 No. 1 & 2 (4).pdf PDF Text Text BREVES Brasii:Tasa de suicidios entre los Guaraní= Kaiowa la más alta en diez años l número anual de suicidios entre los Guaraní-Kaiowa en el estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, ha subido a 38, con el último de una niña de 9 años en septiembre. Según la FUNAI (Fundación Nacional para los Indígenas), una entidad estatal indigenista, la tasa de este año sobrepasa la de los 10 años anteriores, y sobrepasa los 34 casos registrados en 1990. Este hecho ha causado preocupación en algunos sectores de la sociedad brasileña, pero hasta ahora poco se ha hecho para remediar la situación. La alta tasa de suicidios entre los Guaraní-Kaiowa fue el tema principal de una asamblea en mayo de 1995, auspiciado por la Organización Aty Guassu en el mismo estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Reunió a shamanes, y dirigentes indígenas de 22 comunidades. En ese tiempo el número de suicidios alcanzaba ya los 22. Según la World Health Organization (Organización de Salud Mundial), la tasa de suicidios es demasiado alta, y ha registrado 161 suicidios desde 1985 hasta el mes de mayo de este año. La FUNAI registró 185 suicidios en los últimos 10 años, con el40% cometido por adolescentes menores de 16 años. En la reunión Araldo Veron, quien sobrevivió un intento de suicidio, habló de extrema pobreza, la pérdida gradual de prácticas religiosas autóctonas, y la falta de un territorio adecuado para dar razón de esta muy triste situación. Los pueblos de Domados, con 8,900 personas empacadas en 3,530 hectáreas, y Caarapor, con población de 2,346, han sido los más afectados. E Información del CIMI (Consejo Indigenista Misionero). Brazil Perú: La OXY invade territorio candoshi a invadido las tierdel pueblo candoshi en el noreste La Oxy L rascorporación petrolera Occidental haeldel25Perú. junio, a perforó su primer pozo de exploración de pesar del rechazo a la explotación petrolera por parte de los candoshi, los dueños tradicionales y legales de las tierras y los más afectados por las actividades petrolíferas. Los candoshi son aproximadamente 2,000 y viven en los valles de los ríos Morona y Tigre. Tienen título sobre solo una parte de los 10,360 Km2 de su territorio tradicional. La Oxy realizó investigaciones sísmicas al final de 1993 para determinar la viabilidad del "bloque 4," una concesión siete veces el tamaño de la ciudad de Los Angeles, EE.UU. (890,000 he.), y que contiene más de 40 lagos, incluido el Lago Rimachi, el más grande de la Amazonía peruana. Una cantidad importante del bloque 4 queda en territorio candoshi, y las comunidades candoshi y la administración de la Oxy acordaron implementar medidas apropiadas para 4 minimizar el impacto sobre la población. Ahora, los líderes candoshi dicen que la OXY, como otras petroleras en la Amazonia, no cumplió con sus acuerdos. En agosto de 1994, la OXY comunicó a los candoshi que volvería a explorar en su territorio. Las comunidades se organizaron en seguida y rechazaron de forma unánime el retorno de OXY a la región, haciendo referencia a la fragilidad de la ecología de la región, y la dependencia que las comunidades tienen de los ríos que inevitablemente serían contaminados con hidrocarburos y otros químicos tóxicos. La organización representativa de los candoshi ha denunciado los planes de la compañía como una violación de la Convención de la Comisión Internacional del Trabajo sobre Pueblos Indígenas en Países Independientes, de la cual Perú es firmante. La convención especifica que los estados nacionales deben consultar a los pueblos indígenas "antes de emprender o permitir cualquier programa de exploración o explotación de recursos provenientes de sus tierras." El gobierno peruano nunca le consultó al pueblo candoshi antes de otorgar la concesión del bloque 4. Juan Chavez Muñoz-presidente de la AIDESEP (Asociación Interétnica para el Desarrollo de la Selva Peruana)-advierte que " ya han concedido territorios indígenas a las compañías petroleras en la selva peruana. No podemos permitir que las voces indígenas estén calladas otra vez acerca de este asunto." Información de: Rainforest Action Networh. Argentina: Sin resultados protesta de los Kollas nos 500 indígenas kolla de la provinca norteña de Salta, Argentina, se instalaron en la Plaza de Mayo de Buenos Aires el pasado mes de septiembre y demandaron al gobierno que dé seguimiento al compromiso de otorgarles derechos territoriales. La ley 24242, emitida en 1993 para restaurar los derechos históricos de los pueblos indígenas, debería garantizar el otorgamiento del título. Una protesta de los Kolla el año pasado resultó en una promesa por parte del Estado de solucionar el problema antes del fin de 1995. Sin embargo, hasta ahora nada se ha hecho, y el límite para el cumplimiento de trámite era del6 de octubre de este año, fecha después de la cual se anula la expropriación. El 20 de agosto, el Ministro del Interior Carlos Corach se comprometió a interceder en el Ministerio de Economía para que provean los fondos necesarios para el proceso. El problema ahora es que el presupuesto no incluye una cantidad adecuada para la aplicación de esta ley, lo que indica que el gobierno nunca tuvo la intención de aplicarla. Los territorios implicados fueron vendidos por el Banco Estatal de Hipotecas a la refinería de azucar San Martín y a U Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 9, No. 1&2 (Noviembre 1995) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brasil: Tasa de suicidios entre los Guarani-Kaiowa la mas alta en diez anos Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November, 1995 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Brasil: Tasa de suicidios entre los Guarani-Kaiowa la mas alta en diez anos Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Volume 9 No. 1 & 2 (4).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 1 and 2 Language Spanish Publication Title Noticias de Abya Yala Volume 9 Abstract Note Suicide rates among the Guarani-Kaiowa in Brazil has risen. Pages 4 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/409b1aec1e4591c7a8c0675b389153af.pdf 319ff4b4737aba47ea245615296dac47 PDF Text Text tinues. fhe landholders continue exploiting, the Pizarros continue murdering, and 451 years later, the Indian holocast in the plaza of Cajamarca repeats itself and the killing of Alao Huallpa continues." @ A letter from a community: "Here, everything has become difficult. Everything is changing with violence an everyday event. But we have to keep living, victims of the violence, living with fear or without it, we have to keep working." @ From La Estrella de Arica newspaper, October 3, 1984: Last week forty Indians were killed from the Pirus and Panos tribes of the Amazon region near Yarinacocha. This is the most recent in a series of attacks by loggers who come into the area, set up camps and dedicate themselves to hunting Indians. The Indians are defending their limited sources of subsistence. The loggers not only invade their land and cut their trees, but also exterminate animals that are traditionally hunted; and they try to remove the Indians from their land. This critical situation is compounded by petroleum drilling in the area by the Shell corporation of the United States. ® Two reports give further information. Just released, Abdicating Democratic Authority. Oct., 1984. 161 pages. Write Americas Watch, 712 G Street, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20003. $8. Peru: Torture and Extrajudicial Executions: Fall 1983. 49 pages. Amnesty International USA, 304 West 58th Street, New York, New York 10019. $3. BOLIVIA In this country, where over BO% of the population is Indian, there has been no positive government response to various Indian requests. What is worse, there is the constant threat of a facist coup that would initiate another blood bath. One of the Indian leaders at the conference said, "Until the Indian majority takes power and forms a government that represents the people, there can be no justice Kollasuya 11 (Bolivia). BRAZIL A Tupai, people year after the assassination of one of the main Indian leaders of Brazil, by a group of large land owners who had confiscated Indian land, the continue in the midst of struggle. Three representatives from Brazil Vol. 1, no. 2. Fall, 1984. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. �conference brought greetings of solidarity and reports that there have been recent threats to the little land that remains in their hands. The representatives stated that the Pataxos Indians have especially suffered at the hands of the government who last year permitted the activity of a French-North American multi-national corporation. This corporation set off numerous dynamite charges in the territory of the Kasinawas Indians. These explosions emitted poisonous chemicals that killed eight Indians ar1d caused a great deal of illness. Ailton Lacerda, of the Grenak Indian nation, said in reference to this act, "After our brothers were killed, the cynical capitalists offered $300,000 as compensation, as if the lives of people can be bought which is typical of the way they deal with our people." ARG~NTINA After the catastrophic situation of repression, assassinations, disappearances and hunger where many children and elders died in the provinces of Salta and the Chaco in northern Argentina, there is now the beginning of hope with democratic 11 apertua 11 begun in 1983. Although the economic crisis continues, a rebirth of Indian organizations and the struggle for the rigths of the more than one million Indians who now live in Argentina has begun. Currently there is emphisis on establishing a law that guarantees the indigenous land base. CHILE--The Mapuche Situation With Decree Law 2568 of 1979, the military regime of Pinochet provides for the extermination of Mapuche communal lands. Not only does this law state that all Indian lands must be divided, but it also implies that after the division, the lands will no longer be considered "Indian" (nor the people "Indians"). Indians will no longer be defined by their culture or language, and land division cannot be appealed. The Mapuche were never conquered by either the Incas or the Spanish. Although Chileans state that they "pacified" Mapuches in 1883, Mapuches are proud and conscious of their history. Their struggle has not ended. They not only struggle for their land (which has been reduced from 31 million hectares in 1540 to 350,000 hectares at present), but they also resist being assimilated by the colonial society. At the same time, the Mapuche, along with a vast majority of the Chilean population, are actively fighting the authoritarian dictatorship of Pinochet. URGENT NOTICE: Juan Neculqueo, a national leader of the Mapuche organization ADMapu, was imprisonned for three years after the coup of 1973, accused of collaborating with the freely elected Allende government. Since his release, he has been arrested three more times. His last imprisonment was on April 23, when he and four other AD-Mapu Vol. 1, no. 2. Fall, 1984. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 2 (Fall 1984) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1984 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Brazil Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (6-7).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Issue 2 Volume 1 Pages 6-7 Abstract Note A group of large land owners had confiscated Indian land and murdered Indigenous leader Marcal Tupai while the indigenous continue to struggle. Brazi Kasinawas Marcal Tupai struggle https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/86bc93f717e8eade323ddaa4ab262a06.pdf b0eefe99216b65fb3e66411ddcb60ca0 PDF Text Text 1Uth regions. According to INDAP, by late 1983, 1,365 reservations totaling 235,000 hectares had been divided. This means that only 701 reservations have not yet been divided. • . . "The implementation of this law has meant that several thousand Mapuches have robbed of their lands and have been left without territorial rights. been "One of the immediate effects which can be see by the implementation of this new law is the severe social and ~conomic situation. There is a high percentage of unemployment, hunger, and misery in all communities, both those which have been divided and those which have not. This is leading towards a situation of racial explosion of unforeseeable consequences, caused by the neglect, discrimination, and repression suffered during these years of military rule." Mapuche Film A film called Marri-Chihueu (Ten Times, We Will Overcome), in which the Mapuche give their testimony to the world, is now being made in 16mm and video. It presents the life, culture, and current reality of the Mapuche Nation, but it has not yet been completed due to lack of funds. If you would like to collaborate in any way, please write to: The Mapuche Film Project, 135 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11238. Juan Neculqueo We would like to thank all those who were concerned about and collaborated with Juan Neculqueo, the Mapuche leader who was being sought by the military government of Chile (see our last newsletter). Juan spent some time in Panama but was denied visas to both Canada and the U.S. Through the assistance of SAIIC and other organizations, he is now exiled· in Argentina under the sponsorship of the Centro Kalla. Juan is expecting his family to join him there and sends his thanks to all who, th~ough SAIIC, have helped him. BRAZIL Contemporary scholars estimate that 500 years ago, before the European invasion of the New World, there were as many as 5 million people living in the Amazon basin in South America. The first Europeans to explore the Amazon River described sections where for mile after mile after mile the densely-clustered homes of the indigenous residents lined the river's banks. Today Brazilian Indians estimate their numbers at 200,000 people, organ- Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 5 �ized into about 150 tribes scattered throughout the country, some 115 of 1~om retain their non-European language. Ciseas8s ar,o the demands of European-style economic enterprises have reduced the indigenous population to a mere three or four per cent of its original total. Most of the news reaching SAIIC about Indians in Brazil during the last year centers on two topics, the continuing struggle to cqntrol their lands and their increasing success in joining the widely-scattered, linguistically-diverse Indian groups together for political action. Among the major events of 1984 were: ® The Second Meeting of Indian Leadership, held in Brasilia in April. Organized independently of FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs, the meeting resulted in the creation of the Indian Council of the Union of Indigenous Nations (Uniao das Nacoes Indigenas--UNI), with representatives from 44 Indian peoples. ® The appearance of Jornal Indigena, published by UNI, which contains news on the organization and Indian people from throughout Brazil. Direct correspondence to Jornal Indigena; Rua Caiubi, 126; Perdizes 05010; Sao Paulo, S.P., Brasil. ® An assembly of Guarani and other indigenous people in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, November 24-25, to mark the first anniversary of the assassination of Marcal de Souza and press Indian demands for control of their land. In a letter to the president of FUNAI, the assembly gave the government until April 30, 1985, to act on their demands, after which the Indians will 11 go ahead and set our own boundaries." ® The replacement of the non-Indian director of the Xingu homeland by an Indian after pressure from Indian groups living in the area. URGENT ACTION BULLETIN from Survival International, 29 Craven St., London, WC2N 5NT, England: "Isolated Indians of the Javari valley of western Brazil have been involved in violent clashes with petroleum prospectors invading their lands. Several people have Following the killings, the oil prospectors withdrew been killed in these encounters. from the region only to recommence their seismic surveys in another Indian area." The Catholic missionary organization CIMI has been active in denouncing oil prospecting in this area and pressuring FUNAI to take a more positive role regarding indigenous rights. Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 6 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 3 (Winter 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Brazil Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 3 (5-6).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note Ciseases and the demands of European-style economic enter- prises have reduced the indigenous population to a mere three or four per cent of its original total. Issue 3 Language English Pages 5-6 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Brazil Ciseases FUNAI Indigenous https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/8d346a3a023d79f893766bf2068987d3.pdf 8dc329f2debef1ff3272370610061e07 PDF Text Text ------------------- struggle has always been the domain of land. Land for us is Mother Earth, she which gives us life, the base of our existence, the base of our economy, and no people, no country, can continue to live without land. That is why we fight, for our land." The Jornada sabre Oescriminacion will be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 1922. It is sponsored by the Secretaria de Lucha Contra el Racismo of the World Council of Churches. For more information contact Yvone Quiroga, Cotagaita 1887, Ramos Mejia 1704, Buenos Aires, Argentina. With the recent transition to civilian government after twentyone years of military rule in Brazil, there has been hope in Indian communities that administrators sympathetic to Indian concerns would be appointed to FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs. However, according to the latest issue of Poratim (subscription $15; send a bank order to CIMI/PORATIM, Edificio Venancio III, Sala 310, Caixa Postal 11-1159, CEP 70084, Brasilia, OF, Brasil), it now appears that an accountant who rose through the FUNAI bureaucracy during military rule will occupy the top position in the agency for the immediate future. Poratim suggests this reflects both the priorities of FUNAI, 75% of whose budget is consumed by the salaries of the agency's employees, as well as the slow pace of change that can be expected from the new government. Another important issue on the horizon in Brazil is the apportionment of seats in the assembly which is to be elected next year to write a new constitution. Indian groups say they should be able to select Indian representatives to the assembly independently of the national political parties. They intend to promote the concept of Brazil as a Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 15 �multiethnic federation where Indian nations can remain largely autonomous from other constituents. Poratim also reports that 14 Indian groups have occupied a site in the state of Mato Grosso to block construction of a hydroelectric dam which will destroy a sacred waterfall of the Kayabi people. Work on the project began in 1983 with the construction of a road to the remote area on the Peixe River and barracks for some 3,000 workers who will build the dam. In 1984 preparation work was halted by lack of funds, and in March, 1985, Indians occupied the site in anticipation of renewed funding. They have expelled the caretaker left by the construction company, barricaded the road to the site, and burned one of the barracks. A commission has been established by the federal government to consider the Indians' demands, which include a permanent halt to construction of the dam, repeal of the law authorizing construction, and addition of the area around the waterfall to the officially-recognized domain of the Kayabi people. The Kayabi and neighboring Apiaka people have resisted encroachment by non-Indians at least since the arrival of rubber prospectors in the early twentieth century. About half the Kayabi were relocated to the large Xingu reserve in the mid-1960s. Representatives of the relocated group joined in the occupation of the construction site and expressed their desire to return to their traditional home. The dam will generate electricity for three small non-Indian settlements. Indians have suggested that a larger waterfall downriver from the Kayabi falls on a farm belonging to the governor of Mato Grosso would be a more appropriate site for the dam. The Jornal Indigena (Rua Caiubi, 126; Perdizes 05010; Sao Paulo, S.P., Brasil), which is published by the Union of Indigenous Nations (Uniao das Nacoes Indigenas), also reports extensively on Indian groups in Brazil. The editors are Ailton Grenak and Alvaro Tukano. DAYS TO REMEMBER May~ 1809 The pro-English governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay established the Triple Alliance and declared war on Paraguay to destroy the newly-formed Paraguayan state that was headed by Francisco Solano Lopez. Lopez had declared Paraguay a country that would stand independent in the face of external powers such as England and France. The armies of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay invaded Paraguay, defeated the Paraguayan army, killed Solano Lopez, and took a large portion of Paraguayan territory. In this tragic war hundreds of Mapuche Indians who were recruits in the Argentina army and many Paraguayan, Brazilian, and Uraguayan Indians died. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Brazil Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (15-16).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note Radio program. "There has been hope in Indian communities that administrators sympathetic to Indian concerns would be appointed to FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs." Pages 15-16 Brazil Edificio Venancio III Poratim Radio Program https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/e9a3e2005d12c85b87f2d953b9a1f207.pdf 108f6ae597d6c7afe0b6def7073b370f PDF Text Text CHILE The on-going conflict between the inhuman dictatorship of General Pinochet and grassroots organizations continues to effect the Mapuche. On September 3, in Temuco, 300 miles south of Santiago, paramilitary commandos fired at the office of the Mapuche organization AD-MAPU. There were no casualties. As a result of international pressure the Mapuche leader Jose Santos Millao was released after several months of internal exile. Also the Painemal brothers who had been accused of having explosives were set free. BRAZIL Sixty leaders of 32 Indian nations met under the auspices of the Union of Indigenous Nations (Uniao das Nacoes Indigenas--UNI) in Goiania, capital of the central state of Goias, from June 9-13. According to Poratim (subscription $15; send a bank order to CIMI/PORATIM, Edificio Venancio III, Sala 310, Caixa Postal 11-1159, CEP 70084, Brasilia, DF, Brasil), the main issues discussed were: (1) The Indian policies of the civilian federal government which took office earlier this year after 21 years of military rule. The feeling of Indian leaders was summarized by Paulo Nonda of the Xavante community of Sangradouro in Mato Grosso, who said, "Nothing is going to change. (President) Sarney is very weak. He's afraid of the big landowners and the military." The meeting specifically rejected a plan to shift responsibility for the administration of economic policy toward Indian communities from federal to state governments. (2) The form of Indian participation in elections to the assembly which will constitution for BraziL The meeting reiterated that Indian nations should elect their own representatives to the assembly rather than participate in a process dominated by non-Indian political parties. (3) Agrarian reform and demarcation of Indian land. "Agrarian reform must be accomplished, but not at the expense of the land of Indian communities." It was agr~ed that Indians should work with landless non-Indians to develop a plan which provides land to the latter, expels non-Indian settlers from Indian land, and fixes legal, permanent boundaries for Indian communities. Independently of govern ment progress on these issues, Indian communities must proceed with self-demarcation, not only to promote recognition by outsiders of Indian rights but also to develop consciousness of self-determination within Indian communities. ( 4) The structure of UNI. Sixteen Indian nations have joined UNI, raising membership to 60 of the 180 Indian nations in Brazil. Five regional councils were created to facilitate internal activity. The non-authoritarian nature of UNI's relationship with Vol. 2, no. 1. Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 11 �UNI sup- nations was the ~ "Indians of Brazil Latin America of lfle must the combat 3,000 Indians three states blockaded a in southwestern Parana, the next state south of Sao Paulo, for days in early June and settler families from Indian land, the most recent incidents in a the reserve to by and Guarani communities land. The blockade ended with an agreement that the communities will receive financial for land taken by a a hydroelectric electric line on the reserve and that there courts of a by a firm. reserve dates from the 19th century, when Indian communities were land as • In 1903, .a reduced area of about 18,000 hectares was by the after invasions by non-Indian and lumber interests. In 1949, 9 of the 18,000 hectares were by the federal of a scheme to encourage non-Indian settlement in the area. In 1961, the government sold the land to a firm whom the Indians have blockade was lifted, and Guarani Indians continue have to initiate new blockades if a favorable the case is not announced soon. SAIIC has received news from Brazil from Rosaines Bay Area residents who are currently research work for a film they to make on Amazonia. Glenn of the film "The Four Corners: A National Sacrifice They write, "FUNAI (the government agency in charge of Indian affairs) is especially interesting, since the 'colonels' are now gone. There are a number of activists working there who are truly interested in redefining FUNAI's inaction Vol. 2, no. 1. Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 12 �and on Indian • Of course, the people at the are still very vulnerable to outside pressures (from the Minister of Interior or even the President)." Also, "Recently the Brazilian authorities have exposed an illegal scheme to occupy and the resources of the Rio Mequens Indian reserve in Rondonia. Officials charge that a consortium of wealthy landholders from the south of Brazil drew up a plan to divide the land of the Makurap and Sakurap people, and to expand a logging operation that is already responsible for the exploitation of millions of dollars in rare tropical hardwoods from the reserve. The loggers have cut a network of roads through the area, including one through the middle of an Indian village and another through a cemetery. "Federal police also ordered the closing of a sawmill belonging to Lavrama, Brazil's second largest exporter of lumber. The police confiscated $40,000 worth of mahogany and other hardwoods and plan further legal action against Lavrama which has illegally operated the sawmill within the boundaries of the Indian area since 1981. These woods command extravagant prices from consumers in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. "The Indians of the Mequens reserve were first contacted by rubber traders during the 1940's, and today they gather and sell rubber in order to obtain products such as cooking oil, salt, and rifles and ammunition for hunting. The logging companies have destroyed thousands of rubber trees on the reserve. "The police action coordinated by FUNAI is one of the strongest measures yet taken to enforce the demarcation of Indian lands in Brazil." SAIIC hosts "The South American Indian Update" the first Friday of each month at 8:00 P.M. on KPFA (FM94.1) in northern California. The program includes interviews with South American Indians regarding current issues, an update of recent events in South America from an Indian perspective, and traditional and modern South American Indian music. Listen in. If you are beyond our range, you can order a cassette of the latest program from SAIIC by sending $8.00 to: American Friends Service Committee/ SAIIC, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707. Vol. 2, no. l. Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 13 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1985 Language A language of the resource Zotero Title Brazil Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (11-13).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note Sixty leaders of 32 Indian nations met under the auspices of the Union of Indigenous Nations in Goiania, capital of the central state of Goias. Issue 1 Pages 11-13 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 2 Language English Brazil Goiania Mato Grosso Poratim https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/c7fcd95521f31576282f204db0e117ba.pdf 0d9e86d703ef172b206e3f13dc062452 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Filmmakers Monti Aguirre and Glenn Switkes have returned from a six-month research and filming trip in Brazil. Their film, Amazonia will analyze the occupation of the Amazon Basin, including the fight by Indian people to protect their lands. According to Monti and Glenn, "The situation of native people in the Brazilian Amazon is critical. Indians face invasions of their land by mining and lumber companies, large landowners, and landless peasants. The demarcation of Indian lands is a hot political issue, and Brazil's new civilian government has not yet made a commitment to protect these areas." Also they report: COLOMBIA Patax6 Just before dawn on November 22, 130 heavily armed military police violently attacked an encampment of 30 families of the Patax6 Ha-Ha-Hae in the state of Bahia. At least 30 people, including children, were wounded. Two days earlier the Patax6 had reoccupied their traditional lands which had been invaded by cattle ranchers and cacao growers. Xok6 The Xok6 people of the island of Sao Pedro in Sergipe in northeastern Brazil have been under constant harassment by ranchers who want their land. Xok6 people have been ambushed and leaders have been forced to flee under the threat of death. In November, ranchers threatened to bomb their village if the Xok6 did not abandon the area, forcing the Indians to flee into the forest. Upper Rio Negro Gold seekers continue to enter the Upper Rio Negro area despite the fact that many have already been expelled by police. Their influence has been so pervasive that there are now 8,000 Indians, including Tukanos, Baniwas, Tarianos, Desanos, and other groups from the area, who are also hunting for gold. However, the principal threat to the peoples of the Upper Rio Negro may be the arrival of mineral companies in search of gold, zinc, lead, and copper. In September, Brazil's National Department of Mineral Production (DNPM) issued a list of 127 authorizations for mineral exploration, almost all on Indian lands and thus prohibited by law. Five days later the director of DNPM revoked the approvals, stating that the companies would only have a "priority right ... should mineral activities be permitted in Indian areas." According to Gabriel Gentil, a Tukano and a member of the Association of Indian Communities of the Tiquie River, several mineral companies have Vol. 2, no. 2. Winter, 1986. Published by SAIIC © 1986 Page 12 �already begun exploration in the area without waiting for official approval. The Brazilian giants Paranapanema and Brumadinho, the multinational Brascan/British Petroleum, and GoldAmazon, a company closely linked to the governor of Amazonas state, are some of the companies coveting the resources on Indian lands in the Upper Rio Negro. FUNAI Since September there have been two changes in the presidency of FUNAI, Brazil's Indian agency, but its basic structure, which excludes participation by Indians in critical decisions which affect their survival, remains the same under the new civilian government as under military rule. Gerson Alves gave way to Alvaro Villas-Boas, who has. since been replaced by Apoena Meirelles, a second-generation FUNAI functionary whose brutal style of contacting Indian groups in the early 1970s resulted in death and cultural disintegration in several communities. One of Meirelles' first official actions was to travel to the state of Rondonia to discuss the governor's demand that the demarcated area of the Uru-eu-uau-uau Indians be reduced. The 4.5 million acre reserve of the Uru-ea-uau-uau was created under pressure from the World Bank, which earlier this year temporarily halted funding of the Polonoroeste colonization program in Rondonia. (See article on Rainforest Conference on page 17.) UN! One of the more positive developments in the struggle of Brazilian Indians has been the emergence of the Union of Indian Nations (UNI) as a force in Indian affairs. UNI has coordinated regional conferences of Indian leaders, spoken out at international forums, and begun working with lawyers on legal issues affecting Indian law. (Photo Kim-Ir-Sen/AGIL; reproduced from Povos Ind{genas no Brasi/!83, Centro Ecumenico de Documentaciio e Informaciio, Sao Paulo.) Vol. 2, no. 2. Winter, 1986. Published by SAIIC © 1986. Page 13 �A letter to SAIIC from Domingos Verissimo Marcos, Terena Indian representative of the Central Western regional office of UNI, says: "Within the current national debate concerning the reform of government institutions in Brazil, the Indian question has been raised by the Indian nations within Brazil and their leaders, as well as non-Indians who are aware that their own freedom and prosperity cannot be based on the oppression of other people. "Discussion among Indian people is based on how Indian nations want to be seen and treated by Brazilian society and the state. This debate involves three principal elements: citizenship, land, and Indian representation. "The current constitution does not deal with the citizenship of Indians. It only says that those who were born in Brazilian territory are Brazilian. Thus all Indians are subject to Brazilian laws. In our opinion, a new constitution must resolve the right of Indians to hold Brazilian citizenship without ceasing to be citizens of one of the more than 150 Indian nations that continue to survive in Brazil. "The question of citizenship . . . brings up another point that is just as important as nationality itself, the recognition of Indian land as a legally defined entity. Today Indian land is recognized in Brazil as public land, that is, land that is property of the state with uses designated for the public good. This has caused many problems." On the question of Indian representation, UNI has called for replacing FUNAI with a council on which Indians would have direct ~ representation, according to Ailton Krenak, director of publications for '"' "' UNI. UNI is also trying to negotiate Indian representation on the assembly which will draw up a new constitution for Brazil in 1987. UNI will press for Indians' rights as citizens of sovereign Indian nations, clearer definition of the "special status" of Indian reserves, and the right to representation in governmental affairs, possibly via UNI, which now includes more than 80 Brazilian Indian groups. Monti and Glenn have recorded interviews with Indian leaders in Brazil and will be reporting on the Brazilian Indian situation on "South and Central American Indian Update" the first Friday of each month at 8:00 p.m. on KPFA FM94.1 in northern California. More information regarding the film Amazonia may be obtained by contacting SAIIC. 0 Domingos Verlissimo Vol. 2, no. 2. Winter, 1986. Published by SAIIC © 1986. Page 14 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 2 (Winter 1986) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1986 Zotero Title Brazil Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 2, no. 2 (12-14).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Language English Issue 2 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 2 Date Winter 1986 Pages 12-14 Abstract Note Filmmakers Monti Aguirre and Glenn Switkes have returned from a six-month research and filming trip in Brazil. Their film, Amazonia will analyze the occupation of the Amazon Basin, including the fight by Indian people to protect their lands. Brazil Pataxo Upper Rio Negro Xoko https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/8d717b4e41078f8ec86f1387b4f375e1 ac0825ca594dfc0a81e1fbfb324f8386 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 4 (4-5).pdf PDF Text Text 1-1 B R I E F The first International Seminar of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana regional seminar of Indigenous people from the border areas of Guyana, Brazil and Venezuela took place from August 2 7 through August 30. The seminar was held by Conselho Indigena de Roraima (CIR), in conjunction with the Consejo Nacional Indio de Venezuela (CONIVE) and the Amerindian Peoples Association (APA) of Guyana in the Boa Vista region of the northern Brazilian state of Roraima. Industry, government and NGO representatives attended the seminar, along with about eighty Indigenous leaders. The Indigenous representatives from the three countries met to discuss some of the regional development projects that are taking place in their territories. They call for legal guarantees for and removal of invaders from their lands, and demand that environmental impact studies be completed before the governments proceed with large-scale infrastructure projects, including: the Georgetown-Boa Vista Road, the Guri transmission line, BR174, and mining in all three countries. The tropical forests and highland savanna areas around the Brazil-Guyana-Venezuela border region is home to 35,000 Indigenous people. The area, rich in mineral and forest resources, includes crucial upper watersheds of the three major river systems of South America, namely the Orinoco, the Amazon and the Essequibo. Brazil and Venezuela plan to build a 685 km power line from the Guri hydroelectric on Venezuela's Caroni river to supply electricity to Boa Vista and Roraima state in Brazil. The power line would cut through three Indigenous areas in Brazil and most of the Venezuelan right-of-way runs over Indigenous territory, as well as Canaima National Park (a World Heritage Site). The Venezuelan delegation made a public declaration of their continued campaign to get the Venezuelan government to bring their national laws with respect to Indigenous people in line with international standards. CONVIVE demanded a change in Venezuela's archaic laws with regard to Indigenous peoples and focused on their opposition to the Guri transmission line. CIR is calling for the guarantee of Indigenous land rights and environmental protection before building the Guri transmission line. In Guyana, the Amerindians are demanding that outstanding land rights issues, both in general and in relation to the road improvements being done between Boa Vista and Georgetown, be addressed before the government continues. Many Indigenous communities in Guyana are without legal rights to their territories. The Indigenous people in Guyana are also constantly under threat of losing their lands to logging and mining projects in the area. There is a high rate of uncontrolled mining and logging on their lands, and the Indigenous communities are not consulted or even notified when these concessions are granted by the government. After the seminar a list of twelve demands was drafted by the 4 Indigenous people. Some of these demands include: 1) That Indigenous peoples be respected as culturally distinct ethnic peoples with rights to self-determination and the right to define our own projects for our present and future life, 3) that the construction of military bases on Indigenous territory be stopped, 5) that the government support projects developed by Indigenous peoples, such as Indigenous education, Indigenous health, radio communications, transport and economic activities, 7) that the funding for large projects in our countries that depend on international financing only be freed after Indigenous approval, 8) that a moratorium be called on new mining concessions until national laws be reviewed and the impact on Indigenous rights and biodiversity be determined. For further information please contact: David Rothchild,Coalition for Amazonian Peoples and their Environment, email: amazoncoal@igc.apc.org, tel: 202-637-9718; Steve Schwartzman, Environmental Defense Fund, tel: 202-3873500; jose Adalberto Silva Macuxi, CIR, tel:55-95-224-5761; Jose Poyo, CONIVE, tel: 83-551095;]ean La Rose, APA, tel:592-2-70275 Brazil-Charges Reduced for Brutal Burning of Pataxo leader o the outrage of Indian Rights groups, Federal judge Sandra de Santis Mello has reduced the charges against the youths who burned an Indigenous leader in Brasilia last spring. On the evening of April20, five upper-class teens set Galdino jesus dos Santos on fire, as the forty-four year old leader of the Pataxo tribe slept on a bus stop bench. Public outcry followed the attack, and local officials called for an official three day mourning period and strict punishment for the youths. Four of the teens confessed to intentional homicide, and the fifth, a minor, was sent to a juvenile correction facility However, in a recent ruling the judge has reduced the charges against the young men, claiming that they did not intentionally murder their victim. Where the homicide charge has a maximum 30-year sentence, the charge of committing bodily harm resulting in death carries a 4 to 12 year sentence. Along with the lesser charge, judge Mello ruled against the prosecution's claim that dos Santos was unable to defend himself. These recent decisions meant that the youths are now eligible for bail. During the week of August 21, Galdino's family staged a protest against judge Mello's recent ruling. The family and supporters of the Pataxo made clear that they will continue fighting to ensure that the assassins of Galdino get the maximum penalty In Brasilia, the Pataxo were granted an audience with president Cardosa and with the chief justice of the Supreme Federal Court, Celso de Mello. Both officials claimed lhat they could not interfere in the decision, but that they sympathized with them in their pain. The Pataxo Ha-ha-hae took advantage of the audiences to request that the authorities recognize their right to the Caramuru-Paraguassu Indigenous Area (located in the municipality of Pau Brasil, state of Bahia,) the issue that brought Galdino to Brasilia. The 53-thousand-hectare area in question Abya Yala News �IN was demarcated but is full of invaders. An appeal requesting that all possession deeds held by the invaders be annulled has been circulating in the judicial process of the Supreme Federal Court since 1982. The Pataxo delegates also asked president Cardoso to ratify ILO Convention 169, to speed up the voting on the Charter of Indigenous Peoples, referred to the National Congress for approval in 1994, and the revocation of decree 1,775/96. Several human rights groups, environmental and Indigenous organizations, together forming the Galdino Commission, launched a manifesto and a proposal for a signed petition to gather signatures in support of the Pataxo and against the decision of Judge Mello. The document calls on all persons who sympathize with the Indigenous cause to express their indignation at the decision, which it describes as "a serious threat to justice, as it can trivialize impunity, discredit the court system in our country and serve as an incentive to criminal acts." The signed petitions will be delivered to Judge Sandra de Santis Mello and to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Federal District and Territories, Carlos Augusto Machado de Farias. Information from: Cimi-Porantim, Noticias Aliadas Hunger Strike in Honduras: Indigenous Demands Continue Unrecognized ndigenous groups in Honduras returned to the capital of Tegucigalpa July 18 to renew their protests against the government. This was the start of an extended hunger strike in response to the government's neglect of the agreements made with the Indigenous people on May ll of this year. The three main demands of the native people of Honduras were: access to traditional lands belonging to the Chortis in the regions of Copan and Ocotepeque, reduction of the level of violence and political repression in their communities and the installation of the accords ratified in ILO Convention 169, which demand the return of Indigenous lands and respect for Indigenous cultures. Despite the detailed negotiations in May, the Honduran government has failed to uphold their part of the agreement. The politically motivated assassinations of Chortis' leaders Candido Amador and Ovidio Perez have not been investigated, although that was part of the agreement made by the government in May BRIEF the Chorti people that was quickly rejected by the government negotiators. On August 14, while the negotiations were going on, the Indigenous groups on hunger strike in front of the National Congress Building were visited by seven armed gunmen. These men, reportedly members of Honduran security forces, entered the area as plain-clothed civilians. Two were disarmed by the protesters causing the other five to flee. After eight hours of deliberations on the 15th of August, an agreement was supposedly reached between the government and Indigenous leaders. This agreement included a government promise to turn over about 2,000 acres of land to the Chorti communities by August 19. The next day, however, it was discovered that 400 manzanas of land promised by the government will not be turned over by this date. The land, which is currently owned by the Municipality of the Copan Ruins argued that the National Government is not offering them a fair compensation for the land and filed a claim which delays the turn over of the land indefinitely Nevertheless, while Indigenous leaders are meeting to determine what steps to take, the national and international media have reported that the crisis is over and that the hunger strike ended with the Indigenous people satisfied with the results of the negotiations. The crisis has only moved into a different stage. By August 20, the last of the protesters and hunger strikers withdrew from their vigil after the government turned over 914 manzanas (1,000+ acres) to the Maya Chorti people. This represents 10% of the land promised in the May Accord, but it was enough for CONPAH to decide that the rest will have to come later. Indigenous leaders decided to withdraw upon reviewing what was gained, together with an evaluation of the health of the hunger strikers. Although the spotlight has fallen off the situation, the Honduran government must comply with the May Accord which includes: l) land titles for more than 8,000 hectares for the Chorti; 2) Investigating and bringing to justice the murderers of Candido Amador and Ovidio Perez, including an internal investigation into possible involvement by the armed forces; 3) Food for work; education, health and housing assistance and technical support for agricultural projects; 4) a Legislative initiative on Indigenous issues; 5) and human rights protection for the Indigenous people, including a general disarmament of individuals with heavy weapons. Information from: Amnesty International and CONPAH. The renewed negotiation process that began this July is at a standstill. The Honduran government asked the Indian leaders to form a team of lawyers to help the Indigenous people understand the laws related to land issues. The Confederation of Indigenous Groups in Honduras (CONPAH) put together a team of lawyers who determined that the government was using old agrarian reform laws as a framework for negotiating. These laws, however, do not recognize the special status of Indigenous people. The team of lawyus presented an expropriation law for Vol. 10 No.4 For more information please contact: International Solidarity Coordinator Laura Harms 1aura@conpah.sdnhon.org.hn 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, No. 4 (Fall 1997) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil- Charges Reduced for Brutal Burning of Pataxo Leader Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1997 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Brazil- Charges Reduced for Brutal Burning of Pataxo Leader Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 10, no. 4 (4-5).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title Abya Yala News Volume 10 Abstract Note After killing an indigenous man by lighting him on fire, the five convicted assailants are no longer being charged with homicide, but on lesser charges. Pages 4-5 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/f837b9b9116cab8898281c86198fdb39.pdf 1815245e747e71fc2d5d1c67da8ca250 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Orlando Melguelro da SUva Bare. General Coordinator of the Council ofArticulation of Indlgenous Peoples and OrganiZations of Brazil. offers these obseJVations on how Indlgenou s rlgllts may be challenged under the 1993 Constitutional revision 1n Brazil: "Brazil 1s prepal1ng to revise Its constitution. Within this, questions affecting Indian people are Involved. prtnclpally when one speaks of mtneral wealth and natural resources found 1n Indian areas. All this 1s betng looked at with big eyes by large economic groups, which worries us. 'The new Indian statute will consider the proposals presented by IndJgenous people 1n Braslla at the end of Aprll of this year. Among the questions we are constdertng are the demarcation and self- demarcation ofour land, and the exploitation of mtnerai and hydroelectric resources. "''be military1s pressing conseJVatlve leglslators. and even some on the left. so that they favor the revision of already demarcated Indian lands. ThiS despite the fact that demarcating lands 1n the border regions 1s no risk to national security. and not even the Indianswant to construct Independent states. On the contraxy. Indigenous peoples also obey the constitution, and above all we want the Brazilian government to obey the constitution. -we are looking for alternatives among them. to form a stronger alllance belweenlnc1Jgenousorganl7-ationsthemselves, with popular movements. and with the legislators who are for the Indigenous cau se. We look to merge our forces so that IndJgenous proposals be considered. and so that the rlgllts which were guaranteed tn the 1988 constitution not be overturned." Source: Iriforme Jurdtoo - Address: ComlSsaoPr6Indlo de SCWPaulo. RuaM!nlStro Godoy 1484, Salas 56 e 57, CEP 05015 Perdlzes, Sdo Paulo SP, BrazU. Suicides Increase Among Guarani Kaiova An alarmtngrate ofsuicides has been registered among the Guarant-KaJova of Brazil's Mato Grosso do Sui, caused by deSpalr at their estrangement from traditional lands and way of IJfe. According to the Indigents! MISsionary Council (CIMI) and the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). 20 Guarant-Katova hanged themselves 1n 1992. br!nglng the suicldestoaseven-yeartotaloflOO. Ofthe20 Vol7 Num 1 & 2 who died last year. 12 were under 20 years of age (See CIMI stausucs page 18). With most of their traditional territories still not demarcated, and their lands Invaded by ranchers. the Guarani are forced to seek work on sugarcane plantations and at alcohol plants. There. they are pald very little. and are not accorded benefits proscribed for workers under law. Source: lndigenist MissiorwyCouncil (CIMI) Contact CIMl for more info rmation: 505 - Edificio Venancio Ill, Sola 3 09/1 4, C.P~ 0 367 9 CEP 7 0.084-9 70 Brasilia, O.F. Br a z il 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 19 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The 1993 Constitutional revision worries Indigenous groups in Brazil, in regards to demarcation of indigenous reserves and exploitation of natural resources on Indigenous lands. Attachment Title Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil Constitutional Revision Indigenous reserves https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/bab8de122f9edd86e39e825c728d8830.pdf c86aa64d29042270741acd46c96a7517 PDF Text Text HUM A N R I GHTS Brazil: Crimes Against Indians Go Unpunished Celestino (who had been removed from office owing 10 his lies \\O local land· ih lords) was taking photographs o f houses and people in the area on behalf of a landlord who claims to own the land. Immediately after this event. a ta..xi arrived coming from the d irection of Palmeras dos Indios. It was driven by Assassination of Guarani Luiz Ferreira da Silva and the passenger Leader Marcial de Souza Luis Quijeiro shot from inside the car at Tupa-i One of 13razils best-known Indian the chief and those who tried to help leaders. the Guarani activist Marcial de him. For another hall hour. they continSouza Tupa·i was murdered in 1982. ued to shoot and insult the commu nity Ubcro Monteiro. a powerful landowner in an auempt to Stan a larger confrontaand leader of the rightist URD party is tion. The accused men admiued comwidely known lo have ordered the ass.\5· mitting the murder on Nov. 17, bm sination. i\t his trial in Mnto Grosso du claimed to be acting in self-defense. Sol. in March of 1993, over 300 civil. The murder stems from auempts by federal and military police were required the Xukuru-Kariri to recover their lands. 10 protect the proceedings. Throughout In August, Luzanel Ricardo had panici· the trial. Monteiro d isplayed an arro- p·ued in the occupation o£ two famlS .. gance suggesting that he knew he would located within the traditional tcrriwry or be acquilled. Maucir Pauleui, legal advi· the Xukum -Kariri. local farmers have sor 10 CIMI (the lndianisl Missionary been spreading a campaign to defame Council), • the trial was full of irregular· the victims. The atmosphere in Palmciro hies and negligence. It was a festival of dos l'ndios is one very tense. and in dis:,ppcarances of evidence essential for view or the threats made against the convicting the guilty. .. Montiero was, in Indian leaders. the surviving ,...i tnesses of this crime are in danger. Government ract, acquitted. Officials h3\1e re[used lO p rO\dde proteC· tion either lor the community as a whole Xukuru-Kariri Chief Murdered The likuna Massacre AI dusk on Nov. 14. 1994, Luzancl or of the witnesses. The "Massacre of lgarape Cap.1ce1e" is another example how Brazilian jUS· Ricardo da Silva. the Chief of the rs ticc works when the victims are Indians Xuku ru·Kariri community at Fazenda Ptoosc write lcu< demanding protcttion for Canto was b rutally murdered by a group Indian communiti($ b(ing thn;atcned, and an or common people. Seven years ago. fo urteen Tikuna Indians were murdered of armed men who had entered the immtdiact ,md fair imttStigarion of tlttst: r in the community of San Leopoldo in Indian Area. Acco- ding tO witnesses. crime$ to: the state of Amazonas. Their massacre alter shooting the chief through the was organized by a logger named neck. the murderers subjected him to Arrorney General of rhe Republic: Castelo Bmnco who at the time was liv- three further shots and various kicks Dr: Arisridt$ jtmqutira Afw1rt~1ga. ing illegally on their bnds. Branco con- and blows. Two other Indians were also Minlsre'rio PUblico Federal, SCAS Q 603. i tinues 10 Ji,.e in liberty less than J 5 wounded in the inc-dent. The incident lore 2J. 70200-901 Brasilia DF. miles from the Tikuna community in the occurred less than an hour after a dis· Fax: 0055 61 313-5197 city of San Antonio do lea. His tweh>c agreement had taken place between the alleged accomplices also remain free due members of the Indian community and hifomu.ulon f rom Portantin and CIMI to a writ of Habeas Cotpus.The trial for former chief Manocl Celestino. Qndiar1ist Missionary <Atmcil). he killings and massacres orr Indigenous people in Brazil, which continue with impunity. C Oitfirm that it is not enough to replace judges. or make the democnuic system more transparent-both of which are nccess.~ry changes. R mher, the problem lies in the nmure of the Brazilian Slate. which is controlled by and for the rich. The acquhtal of ex-president Fernando Collor by the Supreme Federal Tribunal-in addition 10 causing indigna· tion throughout the country- has sho" "' that Brazilian juStice is a juslice based on class. Cases such as that of Manuel Lucendo da Silva show how BrazilS jus· tice system works. Manuel lucindo. a contractor for rubber tapping. com~ manded the 1963 massacre of O ro-\\1n Indians in the Southern region of Rondonia. He was finally convicted, over thiny years later. in May of 1994. He was sen1enced 1o 15 years in jail, but remained a1 liben y until his appeal could be heard. l-Ie died before this ever took place. Ironically. this was the first conviction ever in Bmilian history for the crime o f genocide. T this crime has been poSiponed repeated· ly due 10 imemtinable confusion over which branch of justice has jurisdiction. Finally a trial date was set lor Dec. 12, but was postponed once again just one week before that date. or V 8 No. 4 ol 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Crimes Against Indians Go Unpunished Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Crimes Against Indians Go Unpunished Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 33 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Brazilian government continues to ignore crimes against indigenous peoples. Attachment Title Brazil_crimes_against_indians_go_unpunished.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil Genocide Guarani Massacre Tikuna Xukuru-Kariri https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/6e16090c9ee7208586643e5644c694af c08480b99ffb592cf1ea96e088781202 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol 10, no. 2 (5).pdf PDF Text Text BREVES homogénea del Pueblo Muchik que hoy se extiende desde Chulliyachi (Piura) hasta Los Chimus (Valle de Ñepeña) que, con buena parte de la zona andina, formamos un cuerpo jurídico para: l. Recuperar, aunque sea parte de nuestras tierras primigenias de pan llevar; y el oportuno servicio de agua para nuestros cultivos. 2. Tomar responsabilidad en la administración de los bienes que constituyen los restos arqueológicos dejados en todo nuestro territorio. O sea, que volvamos a hacernos custodios de nuestro patrimonio cultural vivificante; y 3. Recuperar nuestra dignidad humana (étnica) como persona respetada porque somos patrimonio vivo. Contrario a la propaganda actual, desde la mitad de este siglo estamos aumentando nuestra población Muchik por primera vez desde l 480 en que quedamos como una masa representativa de por lo menos 500.000 almas. Esta es la misma población que, en el auge de los Muchik, durante la fase del reino Chimor, desde Tumbes hasta Carabayllo (Chillón), por el siglo XV, habría pasado de más de un millón de habitantes.» Para más información escriba al Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Pueblo Muchih <<Josefa Suy Suy Azabache," Moche, Trnjillo, Perú Panamá: los Ngobe-Bugle amenazados por mina de cobre na mina de cobre está planificada para ser construida en el Cerro Colorado, adentro del territorio tradicional de los Ngobe-Bugle (también conocidos como los Quaymies o Guaymis), en la provincia de Chiriqui. PanaCobre, una compañía subsidiario de Canadian Tiomin Resources, tiene el proyecto planificado por 1998. El proyecto desalojaría a 15.000 personas y crearía 2 7 millones de toneladas de deshechos de piedra y 26 millones de toneladas de deshechos ácidos y de dióxidio sulfúrico. La explotación de las reservas de Cerro Colorado podría transformarse en una de las minas más grandes del mundo. Alrededor de 180.000 Ngobe-Bugle viven en lo que hoy es Panamá. Tradicionalmente han estado excluidos de los procesos de toma de decisiones, como en este caso, la autorización de la construcción de la mina ell3 de febrero, 1996. Los Ngobe-Bugle son muy conscientes de los efectos negativos que causaría la mina. En octubre de 1996 unos 300 Ngobe-Bugle caminaron 440 kilómetros de sus tierras a la capital de Panamá donde se reunieron con el presidente Ernesto Perez Balladares y los ministerios del gobierno panameño. Al fin quedaron desilusionados con las propuestas del gobierno. Los Ngobe-Bugle siguen pidiendo la autonomía de las comarcas legalizadas y de su territorio de ll.OOO kilómetros cuadrados donde viven desde 400 años. Los Ngobe-Bugle llevan 34 años pidiendo su autonomía. U Vol. 10 No. 2 Los Ngobe-Bugle piden la ayuda de cartas de protesta las que se puede mandar a: Dr. Ernesto Perez Balladares, Panamá 2, República de Panamá; Fax: (507)227-0073. Oliver Lennox-King, President, Tiomin Resources Inc., 1 Taranta St., Suite 709, Box 22, Taranta, Ont., M5C 2V6, Canadá. Brasil: Indígenas Nambikwara atacados por leñadores, mineros l 15 de noviembre, 1996, un grupo de leñadores y mineros tendieron una emboscada a 14 Indígenas Katitaulhu (Nambikwara) cerca del pueblo de Pontese Lacerda, atacándoles violentamente, en la reserva de Sarare en Mato Grosso, Brasil. Después los leñadores saquearon la aldea de los indígenas, dañando un puesto de salud y una escuela, y robando su dinero, sus herramientas y sus vehículos. Los informes médicos señalan que fueron 14 los Indígenas heridos y golpeados. El gobierno todavía no ha actuado para proteger a los Indígenas y a los que apoyan su lucha, a pesar de las órdenes judiciales que datan desde I991. Incluso, una cláusula en el Acuerdo de Préstamo para el Proyecto de Manejo de Recursos Naturales de Mato Grosso de 1992 entre el gobierno y el Banco Mundial condiciona el otorgamiento de US$ 200 millones para el desalojamiento de los leñadores y mineros ilegales en la zona. Los 76 Katitaulhu pertenecen a uno de los l2 subnaciones nambikwara. Los Nambikwara recibieron la atención internacional en los años 70 cuando la carretera BR 364, que sale de Cuiabá en Mato Grosso y va hasta Porto Velho en Rondonia, fue abierta por el gobierno militar en Brasil. Muchos Nambikwara murieron de epidemias y fueron relocalizados. En los 80, después de dramáticos peregrinajes a su tierra tradicional, el gobierno brasileño legalizó la reserva indígena Sarare de 67,420 hectáreas. E Información de Environmental Defense Fund, 1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, 10th Fl., Washington, D.C. 20009; Tel.: 202 387-3500; Fax: 202 234-6049; Email: steves@edforg Mande sus cartas por fax al Ministro de justicia, pidiendo que se garantice urgentemente la seguridad de los Nambihwara de Sarare y que se ponga fin a las invasiones ilegales en su territorio. Pida también que se garantice la seguridad de Ariovaldo ]ose dos Santos, el agente del FUNAI, quién está amenazado de muerte por los invasores. Ministro de la justicia, Esplanada dos Ministerios, Bl. T, Brasilia DF 70064-900, Brasil; Fax: 55 61 2242448 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, No. 2 (Deciembre 1996) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Indigenas Nambikwara atacados por lenadores, mineros Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 1996 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Brazil: Indigenas Nambikwara atacados por lenadores, mineros Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol 10, no. 2 (5).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 2 Language Spanish Noticias de Abya Yala Volume 10 Publication Title Noticias de Abya Yala Abstract Note A group of Nambikwara were attacked by loggers and miners in Mata Grosso, Brazil. Pages 5 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/40f59d8c4f0f9959c5637acc5bec7206.pdf 0ede3aec84ccda877c3c51b702f10b11 PDF Text Text Brazil: Indigenous Commission Fights for Demarcation A commission of twenty-three Xucuru Karirir, WassuCocal, Geripanko, Kariri-Xoko, Nand Karapoto Indians from Alagoas, along with Xoko Indians from Sergipe, went to Brasilia to denounce acts of violence against Indians and demand measures for the demarcation of their lands. The commission was heard by audiences at FUNAI, the Office of the Attorney General, and the Chamber of Deputies. Citing one of the most serious incidents, the Karapoto warned that at least eight mysterious fires had destroyed crops, fences and grazing land in their 1,810-hectare territory, which has been the object of litigation for two years. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Indigenous Commission Fights for Demarcation Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring, 1995 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Indigenous Commission Fights for Demarcation Item Type Journal Article Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 5 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring, 1995 Language English Abstract Note 23 indigenous peoples travelled to Brasilia to denounce acts of violence against Indians and demand measures for the demarcation of their lands. Attachment Title Brazil_Indigenous_Commission_Fights_for_Demarcation.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] demarcation Territory https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/844cac8cfab2c44bbc2806b344a9f573.pdf 0d6e14cd7ad77504f542e54c8714a457 PDF Text Text EN V I R 0 N M E N T ---------------------------------------------------------------- sided with the gold miners and squatters, and have continued to intimidate Macu.xi people. Because of the activities of the gold miners, fish in nearby rivers have disappeared, and those that remain have high levels of mercury. In addition, the stagnant pits of expel nearly 400 men, women, and water left by miners have introchildren f1·om their land. Two duced malada in epidemic p•-oporMacuxi Indians were severely beat- tions. Malaria has become the en. Others were kicked, harassed, main cause of death of the Macuxi. and detained. The pouce destroyed Tht-oughout Brazil, Indigenous three houses, a cattle coral, and a peoples continue to fight for land demarcation. Brazilian President livestock pen. The following week, 170 Macuxi Fernando Henrique Cat·doso bas returned to the livestock holding the power to sign into law the area and began to work there. rights of Indigenous peoples to Twelve military policemen came their traditional ancestral lands. and desb-oyed hammocks, food, and Because of pressul'e from local cooking il.nplements. When the politicians, he has not yet signed Macuxi attempted to stop this this decree. ~ destruction, t he police allegedly beat several Indians and fired at SAJIC has se~~t f<LXes supporting the Macuxi's demand for l<md demar· theil.· possessions. cation and clenouncing human In pt·otest of this expulsion, rights abuses. We encourage you to Macu.xi cotomunities from other do the same. Please write letters parts of Roraima gathered at demaltdi1 that tlw Brazilianpou1g Caraparu II. Federal police report ernment demarcate tradition<z that military police have intil.nidat- Indigenous lands to: ed Macwd communities by flying President Fernando Henrique over their villages in helicopters Cardoso, Pa/.6cio do Planalto, and pointing weapons down at the 70. 159-970, Brasllia DF, Brazil, Indians. According to a statement Fax: 55 61 226 7566 released by the Indian Council of Rorail.oa state, "The motive for the Exmo. $~: MinUitro da Justica, S~: Nelson Jobim, Ministerio da invasion was to guarantee the con- JustU:a, Espl.anad.a <los Ministerios, stmction of the hydroelectric dam Bl.aco 23, 70.064, Brasilia DF, Brazil, Fa.<: 55 61 224 2448 on the River Contil.-.go." The Macwc:i persisted in their Send opposit ion and sent a delegation to to: copies showing your supp ort the federal capital of Brasilia to pt-otest the violence the state mili- TIU! lndige11.0uS Council of tary police of Roraima used against Roraima, Conselho Indigena de them. They also demanded il.nmedi- Roraima, Caixa Postal 163, 70.300 ate demarcation of their lands. On Boa Vi$ta, RR, Brazil March 17, a federal court issued a Information from Amnesty restraining order halting the con- International's Urgent Action struction of the Contingo River Appeal, CIMI a ndianist Missionary dam pt-oject. But the Macu.xi land Council), SEJUP (Seruico bas not yet been demarcated. At1ny Brasileiro de Justica e Paz), and personnel sent to Raposa/Serra do the Urgent Action Bu/J.etin of Suruiual lnternational. Sol to protect the Macuxi have Brazil: Macuxi People Oppose Building of Dam he Raposa/Serra do Sol region along Brazil's border with Venezuela and Guyana is home to 11,000 Macuxi and 3,000 lngarik6 Indi ans. Like other Indigenous peoples throughout Brazil, t he Macuxi have been seeking demarcation of their land. FUNAI, the government's Indian agency, identified t heir land as Indigenous in 1993, but the govetnment has not yet signed the order. Meanwhile, gold m.iners and squatters have invaded the Macuxi's land, bringing malada to the region and destroying the environment. At the same time the Macuxi and Ingarik6 have successfully campaigned against a dam p1-oject in their region that would have flooded nearly 4,000 hectares of land. This dam would have changed theil.· tmditional lifestyle and severely limited their freedom to hunt, fish, and gathe.: In 1992, the state electricity company (CER) began to study the lands known as Indian Raposa/Sen·a do Sol for a hydroelectric dam project on the Contingo River. The study clail.ned that only 45 Ind.i ans would be affected. Alternative studies maintain that 3,400 Indigenous people would be affected by the construction of the dam. The Macu.xi campaign to stop construction of this dam was met with force by the state military. On January 7, 1995, 50 Roraima state military police and seven members of the army invaded the Tamandua livestock holding camp of the Macuxi Indigenous community of Caraparu II in order to illegally T 28 Alzy.;a Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Macuxi People Oppose Building of Dam Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Amnesty International Urgent Action Appeal Indianist Missionary Council (CIMI) Servico Brasileiro de Justica e Paz (SEJUP) Urgent Action Bulletin of Survival International Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring, 1995 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Macuxi People Oppose Building of Dam Item Type Journal Article Contributor Amnesty International Urgent Action Appeal Indianist Missionary Council (CIMI) Servico Brasileiro de Justica e Paz (SEJUP) Urgent Action Bulletin of Survival International Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 28 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring, 1995 Language English Abstract Note The Brazilian government wants to put a dam along the Contingo River in Raposa/Serra do Sol. This measure has been opposed by Macuxi people but the Brazilian government has met the resistance with force. Attachment Title Brazil_Macuxi_People_Oppose_Building_of_Dam.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Development Macuxi Raposa/Serra do Sol resistance