16 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/b275905f5f24284c339a9287356fe3bf 1e10dab52d9ae1498007304a0fdba3c6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 3 (10-11, 31).pdf PDF Text Text I N D I A N C I T Y il: i While we were doing the research for this issue, one of our colleages informed us that Paulo Pankararu, the first Indigenous laywer in Brazil and currently on the staff of the lnstituto Socioambiental, was on the West Coast. SAI/C took the opportunity, along with the Rainforest Action Network, to invite Paulo to the Bay Area for an event and an interview Paulo has worked to defend Indigenous rights in Brazil and was interviewed for an article in Veja magazine on the topic of Indigenous migration to the cities in Brazil. In what follows, SAIIC discusses the article with Paulo. (SAIIC) What is the principal cause of Indigenous migration to the cities of Brazil, and what is the relation between this phenomenon and the conditions inside the Indigenous reserves? he problem of migration is linked to the conditions within the Indigenous areas. Many Indigenous peoples are heading towards urban centers to find new ways life, to find work, anything to make possible the survival of their families. This is what is evident today in Brazil. Nevertheless, iflndigenous areas were demarcated, and if alternative development projects within the areas received support, this migration would be reduced to the point of being insignificant. f!l!l"'""''ll"'"""llll. 10 Does migration have to do with the increase in the Indigenous population in Brazil? Happily, the Indigenous population in Brazil has been increasing in the last few years, but this doesn't constitute a problem for Indigenous peoples. The reality, I think, is that the Indigenous population could grow much more, because before the colonization-in the 1500s-we were about 5 million Indians. Today in Brazil, there are approximately 300,000 Indians. So, the question of the increase in Indigenous population is not a problem. Still, upon analysis, things are changing: Indigenous peoples are gaining back lands, and are becoming more organized. This is due to the work of Brazilian NGOs, Indigenous organizations, and to the alliances with international NGOs. So this is a solution for [the problem]. The Veja article states that migration to the cities is an attempt to flee from the misery of the Indigenous reserves. In the reserves, the life expectancy often fails to surpass 46 years. Yet, a domminent idea, indeed the basis of the campaign of support: to title Indigenous lands, is that Indigenous peoples can live better lives in their territories, on their lands. What are your thoughts on this matter? The Veja article exposes a very real situation in Brazil. This is linked to my first response. Due to the new and bigger perspectives within the Indigenous areas, many Indians are going to cities. Within the areas, there exists a host of pressures, like land invasions, and a situation of corruption at many levels. It's not that life in the Indigenous area is not "better" than life in the city Problems exist that are linked to the question of land, and this problem is generating migration. Now, it is difficult to really evaluate what would be the advantages of staying in the village or of finding a solution in the city This is a very difficult question to answer because we are dealing with extremes; when you deal with extremes, it's not possible to really compare, what would be better, what would be less harmful. The Veja article also says that the Indigenous peoples living in Brazil's cities constitute the second biggest "tribe" of the country, behind only the Guarani, who number 35,000. This statement creates the image that urbanized Indians in Brazil are unified, or have social unity in the city. Is this accurate, or, a.re they not uniting as Indigenous peoples in the city? There are various Indigenous organizations working in the cities, but this Continue on page 11 Abya Yala News �I doesn't mean that there is a "national organization of urban Indians," just like there isn't a "national organization of reserve Indians." This is an impossibility in Brazil because these are differentiated peoples, geographically, linguistically, etc. concept of Indigenous culture with respect to space and Indigenous areas because this back and forth movement exists. Our ancestors already communicated with other Indigenous areas, and exchanged experiences. In regards to this pattern of But the question is also that, in migrat- Indigenous peoples and cities, I did not ing to the cities, despite cultural differ- do the [Veja] article knowing the cultural ences, their problems become very reality proper to Indigenous communisimilar. ties, but I did it to expose an existing Yes. What is most common is that social problem. I do not think that people find family, "Indigenous or relatives, in the ~ peoples should city There's contiGl in any way be nuity, almost an ~ "restricted" to extension of the ~ the Indigenous reserve community, §- areas, because within the city But ~ it is possible to this doesn't go as far have this interas to reflect a spirit c h a n g e of national organibetween city zation, if anything and Indigenous when because, area, and to Indigenous people work out propgo to the cities, they er cultural often do it only on a mechanisms. provisional basis. So, the quesThey do not aspire tion becomes to remain within one of resolving the city So, in this the land probcontext, one can lems of speak of the culturIndigenous al side of migration, peoples, and to and arrive at the work for alterthought that we are Paulo Pankarau during an interview with native and susSAIIC not dealing with tainable devel"migration to the opment for the city," but more realistically a search for communities. Then, the "problem" would means to support oneself as an "Indian," be resolved. to provide continuity to one's culture, maintaining contact with one's relatives, Do the major organizations of the and returning to the reserves, and return- Indigenous movement in Brazil like ing again. Indigenous cultures permit this CAPOIB, COIAB, and CIR, work with movement of going and coming back. the urbanized "sector," if one can speak of such a thing, and do they conDoes there exist a generation of sider this as an important cause to Indigenous peoples born in the city? If defend? so, their reality must be completely There is a connection, but today in different. Brazil the strongest goal is to defend Yes, this exists. It is a very different Indigenous lands so that Indigenous peoreality from the person born and raised ples can live in their own territories. inside an Indigenous area. But there is no doubt that the person who lived in the Do distinct organizations exist to Indigenous reserve 30 years ago also had assist Indigenous migrants in the a very different reality from the person cities? who lives there today So, for all those livThere are associations. For example, ing in Indigenous areas, there are differ- my people have an association in Sao Paulo, Brazil's largest city This association ences across time. So, we cannot work .with this closed exists so as to prevent conditions of mis- N D I A N C I T Y ery for our people in the city. But, its principal objective remains to advocate for a solution to the land problems of evictions so that these people may eventually return to the areas. Is it possible, in regards to Indigenous migration to the cities, to speak of positive effects or results, or is it only a negative experience leading to poverty, exploitation, marginalization? If we analyze migration to the cities as a strategy for survival, then it is possible to say that it has a positive result. For people who go to the city to show their culture, make contacts with institutions, to show the Indigenous reality, it is productive, but it is another level of relations that is at work. The ideal is that there exist relations based on respect between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. If these respectful relations existed, Indigenous peoples could more freely visit the cities and also receive their friends in the Indigenous areas. What about for those people who remain in the Indigenous areas? Is it beneficial for them to have relatives or family in the urban context? Does it make their political work easier, for example, to have relatives in the city? Yes, alliances with people in the city are very important. They are necessary, considering our objective to have a more pluralistic society in Brazil. It's important to establish these alliances, with universities, with NGOs, with environmental organizations. These alliances exist, but much more for rural laborers. The sector that supports Indigenous peoples is also composed of organizations of urban laborers. This is the idea behind the unification of forces to reinforce the organizations. Do labor organizations and their partisan politics and various ideologies have any influence on the Indigenous movement? No, they have no influence on the Indigenous organizations, but the political support of a wide base of organizations is important. For example, when Decree 1775 was instituted, with all the problems it implied for Indigenous areas, many organizations came out against it. In this way they supported Indigenous peoples, but this doesn't translate into this movement's having any influence on Continue on page 11 ·~------· Vol. 10 No.3 11 �S E L F DETERMINATION A N D TERRITORY Continued from page 11 'Wa chief Roberto Cobaria and his companion Edgar Mendez came in early May for a two week U.S tour to try to garner support from environmental organizations and human rights workers in their fight to protect ances, Chief Cobaria made clear the U'Wa belief that if there is no blood (oil) there is no light and there is no life. Petroleum is a part of the U'Wa's environment as much as the forests and rivers and animals are, and cannot be removed from its habitat without disrupting the precious the Indigenous way of thinking. They are different. Now, it is clear that the work of Indigenous peoples in the city, creating alliances, this is completely different from the problem of migration. Migration is not a method of establishing alliances. Migration is a reaction to a set of problems, like lack of land and unsustainable conditions in the Indigenous areas, which force people to head for the cities. This doesn't constitute a beneficial solution for the communities in the Indigenous areas. Do Indigenous organizations aspire to a high level of autonomy, with a proper education, control over the territories, and self-rule in the respective areas? The idea is that the government exercise greater respect towards the traditional organizations of Indigenous peoples. We are not seeking a very formal system of representation of Indigenous peoples, but simply that our traditional organizations and our customs be granted respect. Roberto Cobaria, chief of the U'Wa people. their territory from oil exploitation. They met with Occidental in Los THE Angles and gave press conferences IS and presentations in Washington D. C and San Francisco. The U'Wa are determined to continue their protest of Oxy and are standing firm in their refusal to WORLD. allow any portion of their land to be bought or sold or contaminated in any way: IS For the U'Wa, petroleum is the blood of the Mother Earth and is crucial for maintaining the delicate balance of the world. In his numerous Bay Area appear------------------ Vol. 10 No.3 equilibrium which the U'Wa work to maintain and protect. In an interview at the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center, Roberto explained how petroleum was here on earth before there was anything, before the world was created. The Occidental corporation refuses to respect this belief and has offered more royalties to the community in hopes of gaining access to the oil-rich region. The U'Wa asked Oxy who gave them the authority to buy, sell or exploit that which they do not own. In a press conference at Rainforest Action Network, San Francisco, Chief Roberto Cobaria said that to negotiate this matter [we] are contaminating ourselves. The U'wa are continuing to fight for their right to protect and preserve the integrity of their land and culture. They feel that any exploration on their ancestral territory will gravely disrupt their culture and traditions as well as the land that has sustained them for centuries.~ Are you seeking the right to administer the territories? Indigenous areas in Brazil are destined for the usufruct of Indigenous peoples. They are the property of the state, and Indigenous peoples hold usufruct rights over them. This is a very complex issue in Brazil, because when people speak of "self-determination," various sectors interpret this as proof that Indians want to disassociate with the state and establish a type of sovereignty, and this in turn ends up jeopardizing our relations with the larger society: Therefore, in today's Brazil, we are speaking more about respect towards Indigenous cultures and customs and decision-making rights for Indigenous peoples regarding their territories. We make it very clear that we do not have the intention of creating a new state, and enter into conflict with national sovereignty: We want to support our systems of culture and traditions, and receive the respect of the state and of the larger society:~ - - - - - - - - - - - 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, No. 3 (Summer 1997) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Migrating Between Extremes, Interview with Paulo Pankararu Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1997 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Brazil: Migrating Between Extremes, Interview with Paulo Pankararu Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 10, no. 3 (10-11, 31).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 3 Language English Publication Title Abya Yala News Volume 10 Abstract Note Paulo Pankararu talks about the causes of indigenous migration to Brazilian cities and the positives and negatives of this movement. Pages 10-11, 31 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/8c7a880270e75f6333b3c37cfcbe33d9.pdf be7c7ba1814f54ca64fc46bf5ea6e7f2 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Stopping The Clearing Of nmberFrom Indigenous Lands For more i nformo· tion contact: Rainforest Action Network 450 Sonsome St. Suite 700 Son Francisco, CA 94111 , USA Rainforest Foundation 270 Lafayette St. Suite 1205 New York NY 10012, USA. For decades. Joggers have invaded Indigenous lands in Bra?.U with Impunity, creating violent confrontations with lndtan people. and devastating the environment. Now. a BrazOJanjudge has ordered a halt to timber extraction from Jndtan lands in the eastern Amazon state of Pan1. According to estimates. between 1985 and 1990. over 640.000 cubic meters ofvalu· able mahogany were extracted from Indian lands in Pan1, which required the construe· tlon of over 3000 km of lllegal logging roads. To halt the logging. a suit was illed by the Nucleus for Indigenou s Rlghts. based in Brasilia. The deciSion, on January 15, 1993 by Federal Judge Selene Marta de Almeida. calls for an tmmedlate closing of the logging roads and removal ofaU equipment and work· ers from the Indigenous reserves of Arawete. Apyterewa, and Tl'lnchetra Bacajll. n also · requireS the Bra?.illan government to set up permanent checkpoints to ensure that the loggers do not reenter the 7..0ne. One recent conflJct b etween Joggers and an Indian community resulted in the shooting deathofDomtngos Paullno. a GaVI<'io Pukobye who had tried to stop a truckcany· ing an lllega1 shipment of wood from passing through hts people's land in Maranho. The woodhadbeencutfrom thenearbyGuajajara reserve. where Indians had agreed to sell timber for very low prices. Most of thiS wood IS u sed to produce ch arcoal. which fuels the pig Iron processing plants which are Part of the Greater Carajl\s mtneral zone. Sources: Rainforest Acticn NeiWQrk and Rainforest Fowulation Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 These are the 1992 results of an annual survey carried out by the lndlan!st MIS· slonary Council (CIMO of violence agatnst Indian peoples in BrazU. lnmostcategorteslndlanssufferedas much or more aggression as in previous years. In the case of the murders none of the aggressors was puniShed. CIMI notes: "DISeases have been klll· ingmorelndlansinBrazUthananyothertype of aggression. It seems that they are the subtlest and most disguised way to extennl· nate Indians.· 18 Murders 24 Victims of attempts on the lives 20 Death threats 21 Illegal detentions 5 Victims of physical aggression 10 Rapes 7 Suicides 24 Deaths due to malaria 87 Deaths due to measles 64 Deaths due to Cholera 14 Deaths in car accidents 6 Areas invaded by woodcutters 37 Invasions by miners 16 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Stopping The Clearing Of Timber From Indigenous Lands Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Stopping The Clearing Of Timber From Indigenous Lands Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 18 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Nucleus for Indigenous Rights in Brazil filed a suit to halt logging activities on Indigenous reserves. Attachment Title Stopping The Clearing Of Timber From Indigenous Lands.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Arawete Brazil Lumber industry Nucleus of Indigenous Rights Para https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/015d31066d3af5c035d674f8d0d84737.pdf 0c699642a854e7714b5a5e7321e21405 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Constitutional Revision Threatens Indigenous Rights Orlando Melguelro da SUva Bare. General Coordinator of the Council ofArticulation of Indlgenous Peoples and OrganiZations of Brazil. offers these obseJVations on how Indlgenou s rlgllts may be challenged under the 1993 Constitutional revision 1n Brazil: "Brazil 1s prepal1ng to revise Its constitution. Within this, questions affecting Indian people are Involved. prtnclpally when one speaks of mtneral wealth and natural resources found 1n Indian areas. All this 1s betng looked at with big eyes by large economic groups, which worries us. 'The new Indian statute will consider the proposals presented by IndJgenous people 1n Braslla at the end of Aprll of this year. Among the questions we are constdertng are the demarcation and self- demarcation ofour land, and the exploitation of mtnerai and hydroelectric resources. "''be military1s pressing conseJVatlve leglslators. and even some on the left. so that they favor the revision of already demarcated Indian lands. ThiS despite the fact that demarcating lands 1n the border regions 1s no risk to national security. and not even the Indianswant to construct Independent states. On the contraxy. Indigenous peoples also obey the constitution, and above all we want the Brazilian government to obey the constitution. -we are looking for alternatives among them. to form a stronger alllance belweenlnc1Jgenousorganl7-ationsthemselves, with popular movements. and with the legislators who are for the Indigenous cau se. We look to merge our forces so that IndJgenous proposals be considered. and so that the rlgllts which were guaranteed tn the 1988 constitution not be overturned." Source: Iriforme Jurdtoo - Address: ComlSsaoPr6Indlo de SCWPaulo. RuaM!nlStro Godoy 1484, Salas 56 e 57, CEP 05015 Perdlzes, Sdo Paulo SP, BrazU. Suicides Increase Among Guarani Kaiova An alarmtngrate ofsuicides has been registered among the Guarant-KaJova of Brazil's Mato Grosso do Sui, caused by deSpalr at their estrangement from traditional lands and way of IJfe. According to the Indigents! MISsionary Council (CIMI) and the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). 20 Guarant-Katova hanged themselves 1n 1992. br!nglng the suicldestoaseven-yeartotaloflOO. Ofthe20 Vol7 Num 1 & 2 who died last year. 12 were under 20 years of age (See CIMI stausucs page 18). With most of their traditional territories still not demarcated, and their lands Invaded by ranchers. the Guarani are forced to seek work on sugarcane plantations and at alcohol plants. There. they are pald very little. and are not accorded benefits proscribed for workers under law. Source: lndigenist MissiorwyCouncil (CIMI) Contact CIMl for more info rmation: 505 - Edificio Venancio Ill, Sola 3 09/1 4, C.P~ 0 367 9 CEP 7 0.084-9 70 Brasilia, O.F. Br a z il 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Suicides Among the Guarani Kaiova Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Suicides Among the Guarani Kaiova Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 19 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note Trauma associated with the Guarani having been forced to leave their ancestral lands and lifestyle is thought to be the reason behind the recent trend in suicides in the community. Attachment Title Suicides Increase Among Guarani Kaiova.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] CIMI FUNAI Guarani suicide https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5e41348482a003f8e2ee46b5fa239e52.pdf 347286d9b1c4b46b1ed75769dda5fab3 PDF Text Text BRAZIL Stopping The Clearing Of nmberFrom Indigenous Lands For more i nformo· tion contact: Rainforest Action Network 450 Sonsome St. Suite 700 Son Francisco, CA 94111 , USA Rainforest Foundation 270 Lafayette St. Suite 1205 New York NY 10012, USA. For decades. Joggers have invaded Indigenous lands in Bra?.U with Impunity, creating violent confrontations with lndtan people. and devastating the environment. Now. a BrazOJanjudge has ordered a halt to timber extraction from Jndtan lands in the eastern Amazon state of Pan1. According to estimates. between 1985 and 1990. over 640.000 cubic meters ofvalu· able mahogany were extracted from Indian lands in Pan1, which required the construe· tlon of over 3000 km of lllegal logging roads. To halt the logging. a suit was illed by the Nucleus for Indigenou s Rlghts. based in Brasilia. The deciSion, on January 15, 1993 by Federal Judge Selene Marta de Almeida. calls for an tmmedlate closing of the logging roads and removal ofaU equipment and work· ers from the Indigenous reserves of Arawete. Apyterewa, and Tl'lnchetra Bacajll. n also · requireS the Bra?.illan government to set up permanent checkpoints to ensure that the loggers do not reenter the 7..0ne. One recent conflJct b etween Joggers and an Indian community resulted in the shooting deathofDomtngos Paullno. a GaVI<'io Pukobye who had tried to stop a truckcany· ing an lllega1 shipment of wood from passing through hts people's land in Maranho. The woodhadbeencutfrom thenearbyGuajajara reserve. where Indians had agreed to sell timber for very low prices. Most of thiS wood IS u sed to produce ch arcoal. which fuels the pig Iron processing plants which are Part of the Greater Carajl\s mtneral zone. Sources: Rainforest Acticn NeiWQrk and Rainforest Fowulation Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 These are the 1992 results of an annual survey carried out by the lndlan!st MIS· slonary Council (CIMO of violence agatnst Indian peoples in BrazU. lnmostcategorteslndlanssufferedas much or more aggression as in previous years. In the case of the murders none of the aggressors was puniShed. CIMI notes: "DISeases have been klll· ingmorelndlansinBrazUthananyothertype of aggression. It seems that they are the subtlest and most disguised way to extennl· nate Indians.· 18 Murders 24 Victims of attempts on the lives 20 Death threats 21 Illegal detentions 5 Victims of physical aggression 10 Rapes 7 Suicides 24 Deaths due to malaria 87 Deaths due to measles 64 Deaths due to Cholera 14 Deaths in car accidents 6 Areas invaded by woodcutters 37 Invasions by miners 16 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 1 &amp; 2, (Winter/Spring 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil: Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazil: Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992 Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 1,2 Pages 18 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring/Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note An annual 1992 report in Brazil shows that violence and disease are the cause of many indigneous deaths. Attachment Title Violence Against Indian Peoples in Brazil in 1992.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil CIMI Crime Violence https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/99435649324af3e5b2e7dff9ada49a9d.pdf 90d2dfba11ba826e7e26db6ed39336fb PDF Text Text Brazilian Army Recruits Yanomami Indians Several Yanouwni Indians are "serving" in the Brazilian Army at the Maturaca poet. located in the Slate of Amazonas. The one-year enlistment oi the Yanomami is part oi a strategy by the Brazilian Armed ~ to "integrate" indigenous populations into the "national community." The military rommandf!IS' Sbategy is based on the idees oi •national sovereignty" and "national security.• They rear that Indian groupe will form their own nation inside the Brazilian territory. ln July, Roraima governor and former brigadier general Ottomar de Souza Pinto, rompared the Yanomami situation to the Kurds in inlq. The relationship between the Yanomami and the military in the Maturaca region is similar to that oi the Yanomami and the gold-miners. The anny wants to Increase its presence in Maturaca. That is why soldiers are building an UJegal road between the city oi Sio Gabriel da Cachoeira and the post in Maturaca. Five Jcilometers oi the road have already beEn completed. The road is UJegal because it cui$ through the Pico da Neblina National Park and the military has not even presented an Bnvironmental Impact Report to the government environmental nkuna Massacre Update (Brazil) March 28th marked three years since the Tlkuna massacre, when 14 Tikuna men, women and children were shot to death at the command of logger, Oscar Castello Branco, near the city of Benjamin Constant in the state of Amazonas, in the Brazilian Amazon. This was the most serious documented massacre of Brazilian Indians in the last twenty years. The 15.000 Tlkuna on the upper SolimOes River form the largest Indian nationality in Brazil. In recent years, they have suffered increasing incursions by loggers, commercial fisheries, and local elites on their lands. At the same time, their organizing in defense of their traditional lands has grown stronger. Since 1988, legal investigation of the crime has slowly proceeded in Benjamin Constant. At the end of last year, the judge responsible for the case indicted aU of the accused, who are now to stand trial before a local jury, chosen from the residents of the city. The general opinion in the city, however, leads us to believe that this will not be an impartial bia1 Most of the local people have shown support for the logger, who is well-known in the region. In general, there is hostility towards the Indians and their presence in the area. Consequently, the Tikuna and their support organizations are requesting that the judge and the pubtic prosecutor ask the Tribunal of Justice of the state of Amazonas for a change of venue. It is hoped that the trial will be held in the state capital of Manaus. The local judge and prosecutor- the only authorities who can legally make the request- are reluctant to do so. If this situation continues, the likely • outcome is impunity for the defendants, who would be tried in Bcn~1min Constant. and very tikely, be absolved. We request that concerned individuals and organizations send letters or telegrams to the authorities noted below, requesting that the Tribunal reexamine the Tlkuna massacre case, keeping in mind the hostile atti.tudes towards Indian people in the city of Benjamin Constant and th.1t a change of venue be granted. Please send these letters to: Exmo. Sr. Dr. luis Henrique Braz Juiz de Direito do Comorco de Benjamin Constont F orum de Benjamin Constont, 69630 Benjamin Constont, AM, BRAZIL Exmo. Sr. Dr. Sergio Medeiros Promotoo de Justico do Comorco de Benjamin Constont Forum de Benjamin Constant, 69630 Benjamin Constant, AM, BAAZIL agency. Exmo. Sr. Dr. Gaspar Cotundo de Sousa Desemborgador Presidente do Tribunal de Justico do Amozonas Ruo 10 de julho, no. 833 Centro, 69007 Monaus, AM, BRAZIL Send copies ol onconespondence to: mbassy Ambassador Morcilio Marques Moreiro, Brazilian E 3006 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA Fox: 202-745-2728 SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazilian Army Recruits Yanomami Indians Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazilian Army Recruits Yanomami Indians Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 22 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p022.pdf abyayala_v06n01_02_p022.pdf abyayala_v06n01_02_p022.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] [No URL] [No URL] https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/8c046faedb349eea74429f15a7c081bc 561053cec568c754968a79d891dc20c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (11).pdf PDF Text Text Hopi Leader, Tomas Banyacya with Ailton Krenak on his visit to deliver petitions calling for a special session of the UN to debate ways to halt rainforest destruction. Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award In September, Ailton Krenak, National Coordinator of Brazil's Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI), came to Washington, DC to accept the Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award of the Institute for Policy Studies on behalf of UNI. Later, Krenak joined other Third World activists in New York to deliver petitions totalling three million signatures to the United Nations, in calling for an emergency special session of the General Assembly to debate ways to halt the destruction of the rainforest and to discuss means of sustainable use Va5, Nos2&3 under the guidance of forest peoples. Krenak said, "All that has been done in the name of development has been disastrous to the majority of the people- economically, socially, and spiritually. It is necessary to question this logic, mainly as it threatens parts of our planet that are irreplaceable, such as the Amazon forest ... For us Indian people, being included in this process is like allowing a needle and tube to suck our blood as the wealth of our land is ripped off... We have to fight with courage, a strong spirit, and not let it swallow us." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&amp;3 (Fall 1989 &amp; Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award (Brazil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award (Brazil) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (11).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 11 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Abstract Note Over three million people signed a petition calling for an emergency meeting of the United Nations to debate ways to halt the destruction of the rainforests. Ailton Krenak of the UNI accepted the Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights award. Ailton Krenak Fall 1989 Human Rights Human Rights award UNI Union of Indigenous Nations Winter 1990 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/2f6f1bd11c12a389741b706da635f870.pdf 37e7ddb902ec8bbbe1b80cfd4eca391d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4, No. 1 (6-7).pdf PDF Text Text Chanting keeps spirits high. Amazonia Brazil's indigenous people, turning back several strong challenges from the country's National Security Council, won a significant victory on June 1st with the passing of the chapter of Brazil's new Constitution dealing with Indian lands and rights. According to Allton Krenak, national coordinator of the Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI), "the participation of the Indian movement in the Constitutional assembly was a success not because of what is written in the la~ but because Indians invaded a political space normally held by the elite, fought with the government, and showed what they are thinking, in a country where the voices of Native people normally aren't heard.'' In the weeks before the final voting, more than 200 Indians, including the Kayap6 and other tribes from the Amazon region, came to Brasilia and "lobbied" legislators for a favorable text. Many wore brightly colored feather headdresses and traditional body painting of genipapo and urucum, and held d~ily assemblies in the capital to debate proposals, chant, and conduct spiritual ceremonies to favorably influence the politicians. On the day of the final negotiations, Prepori, a Kayabi paje from Mato Grosso, circulated about the chambers in his sloth-skin hat, chanting prayers and blowing sacred smoke in the direction of all present. Among the guarantees approved in the new constitution: "original rights" for recognition of traditional land rights that pre-date the national state; "exclusive use of riches of the soil and waters'' for Natives, as well as their right to permanently remain on their traditional lands; Page 6 �© 1988 Aguirre/Swilkes/Amazonia Indians cannot be removed from their land, unless a catastrophe or epidemic occurs, in which case they must be allowed to return to their land as soon as possible; that any hydroelectric or mining project that affects Indian lands can only proceed with authorization of Congress, in consultation with the impacted communities, and that a share of the benefits go to Indian people; and the right to bilingual education in a Native language. UNI and pro-Indian lawyers defeated a lastminute attempt to insert language that would differentiate between the rights of "acculturated" and "non-acculturated'' Indians. This could have opened the doors to a series of laws terminating the land rights of those who wear clothes, speak Portuguese, or use manufactured items. Now, UNI hopes to challenge a government policy of demarcating Indian lands as col6onias, where mining and agricultural development projects would be encouraged. Indian leaders also view as significant the fact that FUNAI, the Brazilian government's Indian agency, is nowhere mentioned in the text of the Constitution. This may lead to a rediscussion of FUNAI's role as an adversary of the Indian movement, and a push to establish an organ of the government to deal with Indian affairs that is less developmentalist and authoritarian in nature, and which admits a broader participation of Indian people in determining their own future. In July, the constitutional draft was revised by relator Bernardo Cabral, who edits the text for presentation to Congress. Several measures were subtly changed; omitted were the rights of Indians to "permanently remain" on their lands. ProIndian legal advisors have taken steps to ensure that this article and others are corrected in the draft that will be voted on. Page 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4 No. 1 (Summer 1988) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazilian Indians Win Victory in Constitution (Brazil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1988 Zotero Title Brazilian Indians Win Victory in Constitution (Brazil) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 4, No. 1 (6-7).pdf Issue 1 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 4 Pages 6-7 Abstract Note Indians in Brazil won significant land rights after they were written in Brazil's new Constitution. https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/df8f88ea081db569e7e598e2e3a0600b.pdf 173f8a0b5ce57e7f66f3340924f71e19 PDF Text Text I N B R I E F_ _ ,_,_ Indian Communities Trapped by Ecuador-Peru Border Conflict ighting erupted between the Peruvian and Ecuadorian armies in a disputed Amazon border region ~long the Ccnepa Rh·er valley on jan. 26. What looked at first like an isolated border skirmish has escalated into an intense conOict F At a press conference concluding their visit. the commission announced that the govemment could St<tnd in \'io1ation of the right to life and well·being as a result of oil pollution in the Amazon. t\ final repon on the visit has yet to be released. For more info,.matwn. coruacr: with at leasl 47 dead and 94 wounded combatants. The Sierra Qub l..tgal Dtj01S< Fund. /80 Montgomery St.. Suire HOO. S<ln Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE) demanded a cease fire on Jan. 3 1. stating that. "'more than 300 communities a.re located in the zone of mili· FranclS<o, CA 9410-1, (415) 627·6700. FGX: (-liS) 62i·6i40, email: scldjsj@igc.copc.org. tary connic.t, these Indigenous cornmunilies that have nol Peruvian Indian Communities File Suit Against Texaco n December 29. a class action la,vsuit \I/3S filed in feder- been auended by either the government of Peru or of Ecuador". An unknown number of Indian residents of the region have been displaced from their communities. despite calls by CONAIE for the governments to respect the lives and territo· ry of Indigenous peoples. The war is reportedly costing each side overS 10 million a day. and has heated up with bombings on each side of the border and the downing of several Peruvian planes and a helicopter. Ecuador accepted a CCtlSC· fire mediation offer from former US president Jimmy C:mer and former COSta Rica president Oscar Arias. but Pcno declined to comment on the offer. OAS Commission Investigates Ecuadorian Human Rights Violations or yem'S. Indigenous organizations in the Ecuadorian Fmassive oilh•we suffered hum-an rightsb}'violations asmultina· Amazon a resuh or dC\'Cloptnem carried US-based OUl tiona! corporations and the Ecuadorian government within their territories. The struggle to resolve these problems hit a turning point on Nov. 7 when the Org...'\nit3tion of American Sunes· spe(:ial commission on hun'la.n rights arrh•ed in Ecuador to investigate human rights abuses in that country. Although the commission framed its visit as a general investigation of the human rights situation in Ecuador. the impact of oil development on Indigenous peoples was one of O al coun in New York on behalf of 20.000 Indigenous people !hong on and around the Napo River in the nonheast Peruvian Amazon. The suit charges that mismanaged Texaco activities within Ecuador, along the upper ~ches or the Napo River, caused severe damage to the lnditms' w3y of life in Peru- damage due to the release of huge amoums of toxic chemicals. and to repeated oil spills. This case follows a ground-breaking victory by Ecuadorian Indian organizations in the spring of 1994, when a New York coun held that Texaco could be held liable in US couns for their actions in Ecuador. The Peruvian suit charges Lhat ··texaco deliberately ignored reasonable and S<lfe practices and treated the pristine Amazon roin forest ... :md its people as a toxic waste dump... lt runhcr contends that over 400 flawed well sites were built. despite Texaco's full knowledge that they would ·rcsuh in SC\'Cre spills and environmental damages. The Ecuadorian governmem estimates that Texaco spilled 16.8 million gallotlS of crude oil and oil residues in its Amazonian provinces. with an unknov.m portion winding up downriver in Peru. As recently as J992. the Peruvian Rio Napo ran black with crude that had been released upstream . Irifonnati(}l1 I'YOYid<d by Edwatd f-lmnmcml.. two topics the Commission actually in\'cstigated (the other bemg the treatment of prisoners) . Half of the Commissions delegation traveled to the Oriente region. where they met with representatives from grassroots organizations and leaders or Lhe eoran and Siona·Secora tthnic groups. Commission members were appalled at Lhe impact of Texaco oil develop· ment on the envir onment. The Commission also mt:l with a Huaorani community from the Napo region who reponed on .J>ollution and the encroachment of colonists in their territory. In addition to meeting with state authorities, the Commission consulted environmental. human rights, and Indigenous organizations. including representatives from: CONAl E. CONFENIAE. COICA. ECUARUNARI, FICI, FOIN, and OINt\E. 4 Brazilian Senate Proposes Law Threatening Land Demarcation he Brazilian Stn..1te 3pproved a bill 3imed at eventually reducing existing 1ndian Areas within frontier zones. nnd T complicating the process of rmure demarcations. 10 become law. this bill will have to be approved by the Chamber of Deputies and the President of Lhe Republic. If approved. the btl! will put the already demarcated Yanomami Indian Area. located along the Venezuelan border, at risk of being reduced. The bill threatens not only the Yanomami. but would be a blow to all Indian peoples in Brazil. It is supported by CCO· nomic groups with a \'CSted intcr~t in exploiting the natural resources within the Indian Areas. as wen as cenain sectors or Abya Ya~ News �11'4 the mllillU)' who onsist th~t lndoan l•nds 111 the frontier zone thr-e:ucn nntlon:al security and tht: rnnintc:nancc: of Brazthan sovereignty. Tho$ erron by the Senate is one more obstacle to the already slow process of dcm~rcating Indian lands in Bmzil. According to the bill. future denmaotions would "'quorc the appro,'lll or the N•uon:tl Cong=. Addition~! provi.soon.s would require the Prau:itnt 10 consult ''ith th~ govemnttm of tM state in whoch the Indian Area is proposed Th- rules would make the dtn\.1n::lllOn of lndoan lands an)Where extremely diflkuh. 1f not Im pos>tble. BR I E f Indian Lands in US and Canada Targeted tor Nuclear Dumping uclcnr wnste produced throughout the Untted Statts could soon end up in the lands of the Meadow l..1kc Cree 1~escrve in Canada$ Saskatchewan provmce. tr plans under conslder:"tuon b)' tnbal c-ounca1s. nuclt~tr pow.:r compames N and gov~mment agtncits come to frunion. this would be 1hc "·lst• finol >top tn • long chain or nuclelr production and storage houstd on. or adjaeenl to. lndum bnds. The US Dcp>nment of Encr;y ond • potcntlO.I waste r<etpt<nt. Atomic Energy of Canoda LTD. uc consodenng construction or !\ pennanent nuclear wnstc dump on the From CIMI (lndrnn1U M1.$Swtr.a1y Co11rK10. Meadow l.,ke Cree Reserve. The Mcodow Lake Tribal Council hns supponed thts proposal. In their current l!<:onom1c lnttimives Report. the Council tout$ the dump as More of the Same Under Paraguay's an economic boon for the tribes 8.000 members. "Democratic" Government In promoting nuclear waste as the cure for econom1c nd~gCnO<lS peoples in Paraguay h.wc yet tO reap the benefits or dcmocmcy. which was restored m 198<} ~rter more th.•n titre<: tlls. th< Counctl follows in th< foototcps of the Mescalero cl=dcs of mdllllry diCt3lotShtp. Utde N5 ch;lngcd for Paroguays Tnb•l Counctl m New Mextc:o. whtch has olltred the hodlg<nous peoples smcc ~r:ll Allrcdo Su~r$ ovenhrow Mescalero r~r,~uon as 3 temporal)~ nucl.e3r sr:oragc snt m 1989.ln fact. rn>n)•orthecountlj~ lndogenousoommunhles In Feb. 1994. offictals of the Meadow L:tke Cree and the ""'" b«n fighnng mcrea.sed Jlr<SSUn'S to fore< them ollthetr C"..anadHm go,·cmment ,,sittd the Mesca1ero Reservalion. and arc reportedly working on an agreement \ltithin which lands. as wrll as go\'emment m.diiTr.rt:.lll'C to their needs. ' \\'e have tnle to our land. but 11 has been mvaded by more the Mescalero would act as temporal)' holder and broker or than 200 J>e:l.S."\l families. Our forest has been destroyed. our US nuclear waste-which would then be shipped on to Cree wild fnnt trees have been uprooted and tossed asldc without lands Mescalero Tribal Presodent Wendell Chino is cur· puy. the animals in the jungle ha,·c been ko off and we ate rently negotiating wuh thirty·t\VO utilities :md three lled going hungry." sud Nobeno Romero. nn elder m the Mby:l· nucle;ar comp;tmts for stornge of their waste, according to Gu.1rant communlt)t located m Ypa~ ln the S()Uthem depanment n Grccnpc3cc rcpresent3th..,. These pl>rlS may ha..-e been or c.-.-pa Dozens of surular confltru an: bang 0\-erlooked. or fordlalled b)' • tribal pltbtSCttc '" whtch Mcsc:dero mem· pla)ed doun, b)· President Carlos \\'osmosys g<>'-ernmcnt. bel'$ catcgonally rejec<ed propos:~ Is for nuclear '"llSSe stor· In 1Cl93. the lndig.."flous oommunlty m \'patl m.•naged to :tgc. The i'onh 1\mencan Free Tr>dc ,\grccmtnl (NAFTA) have SOlllt of tiS ttmtOij' dematattod :IS an lndtgt:nOUS resel''e has povcd the way for intcrnnuonnl shopptng or nuclear The COitlniUOil)' of Ypau \\':1$ gtven 2.600 hectares of natural wnstc. lrr.1di:tted fuel is a noi'Hnrl(f item wuhan the uadc fOt'dllS nnd swmnps 10 share with two other communities. However. 1hi~ has not put an end to the l:md mvasions which :lsrccmcnt. '""king it economic to ship nuclc:u 'vnste mto beg.1n In 1989. The mOst recent land uw:l$ion In \'pau beg;m this Cnnndf'l. The only requircmenl Is nccess «o temporary and paso Apnl, an official in the Mlni!.ll)' of Agncuhure and pwnnncnt stomge sites. For this. Indigenous l~nds have R.1nchmgs r..rm Credit Office Is reportedly • principal backer or been tnrgctcd, just as the)' h~ve •lways been for nuclear thiS tn\-;~S10n. Thn:e months >ftcr compe.stnos ~n invading te:sung. urnn1um mining and fuel enrichment. Tom Goldtooth of the lndtgcnous En,~ronmemal the Indigenous bnds- the )llS<tce ~hnlSil)' orde"'d politt to disNetwork char:teterizes th1s as ...a plot b)' government and lodge the tn\-.dets. Yet, no xuon l.,s bttn tokm The P.lrngu:ayan g«)\'t.mmcnl'~ pos:atton tn re.1:uion to tndU>tl)' to take ad,'llntagc of lndt3n trmtones: He adds. Indigenous commumties is charactonztd by a double standard. "'They know that wt don"t ha\'t: tnvn'Onmental codes or Parogua)• N5 one or the best l~ws 011 Indigenous rights in L:uin 1nfrnstructures that would protect us from stornge of w;\Ste. Amc!iCI. but pa)'S little aucmlon to ot. Instead. nccording to the Our network and our consutuems have been vchemcntl)' ln<hg<nous rights group ProfessioMI Soclo·Anthropologkal and opposed to 1hc federal stmtcg)' to site nuclear facilities on Legal Services. the government h:IS octunlly tried to p.1ralyze the our lands. It has to be stopped. If our d<•cted trib.1l orfi· dal$-<lnd some of them are puppets of the government-won't progr&.<S of Indigenous oommuniues nnd nllicd NGO~. stop it. our grassroots organizatiOns Will ... lttf~rmtttwn Jwm IAunan-.cnco Pr'ts.S, Uma. Ptru I \-Ill. 8 No. 4 s � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazilian Senate Proposes Law Threatening Land Demarcation Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazilian Senate Proposes Law Threatening Land Demarcation Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 4-5 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Brazilian Senate is considering legislation that would possibly reduce the size indigenous reservations. Attachment Title Brazilian_senate_proposes_law.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil Legislation Reservations Yanomami https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/b7648857417d966d1989ef28e7f730f8.pdf faf47e6d8ac52d3c3e64d898bf179cef PDF Text Text Breaking the Myth of the Nation: Proposal for Autonomous Regions While recent negotiations between the Mexican government and the Zapatistas progressed little, the fallout from the uprising has led Indigenous organizations and campesinos to consider autonomous regions. In this article, we present some selections from the proposal. In 1994, various Indigenous organizations in Mexico including the Council of Indigenous and Peasant Organizations of Chiapas, the Guerreran Indigenous Council, the Independent People's Front, the Union of Indigenous and Peasant Communities Iztmo, and the Yaqui Tribal Council met on several occasions to elaborate a proposal for the formation of autonomous regions. The proposal was aimed first at Indigenous peoples, later to be presented to the Congress of the Mexican Union. Then, on April 9-10, 1995, a general reunion of Indigenous organizations gave rise to the Plural National Indigenous Assembly for Autonomy. Under the title of “Initiative for the Creation of Autonomous Areas: the assembly proposed to change certain articles of the Mexican constitution so as to allow Indigenous peoples in different regions to govern themselves. In the "Considering" section, the proposal states that, "The Mexican State cannot, and must not, continue to be structured politically as though Indigenous people do not exist. To correct this injustice, it is necessary to abandon the project of a homogenous state and, in turn, put forth a new national project and constitution based on a federal system in which Indigenous peoples compose an organic element… “The Mexican nation-state was organized in ignorance, or explicit denial, of Indigenous peoples. The various Indigenist strategies practiced by the government, especially throughout the 20th century, were of such ethnocentric and centralist character that they are 9today) the principal cause of misery and oppression (in Mexico)... “In the states of Oaxaca, Veracruz, Chiapas, Puebla, Yucatan, Hidalgo, and Guerrero, 78 percent of the total Indigenous population lives. In some states, the Indian population is greater than that of non-Indians, such as in Oaxaca and Yucatan; in others, the Indigenous nuclei constitute more than one third of the total population, as in Chiapas and Quintana Roo. Out of all the municipalities of the country (2,403), one third, or 803, are municipalities with one third or more of Indigenous population, of which more than 13,000 are qualified as “eminently indigenous localities” as a consequences of having 70 percent or more of persons speaking an Indigenous language.” Antonio Hernandez is a Mayan Tojolabal of Chiapas and has been Secretary General of the Central de Obreros y Campesinos Agricolas de Chiapas (CIOAC - Central Union of Workers and Agricultural Peasants). In a speech in front of the Congress in November, 1994, he stated: “We want to contribute to the foundation of a democratic and plural state...Open your minds and your hearts to the Indigenous demands for autonomy. There will not be complete democracy in our country while a decentralization allowing our self-governing is not included in the organization of the state. The next meeting will occur in Oaxaca on August 25- 26, 1995 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 9, no. 1 (Spring 1995) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Breaking the Myth of the Nation: Proposal for Autonomous Regions Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring, 1995 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Breaking the Myth of the Nation: Proposal for Autonomous Regions Item Type Journal Article Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 19 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring, 1995 Language English Abstract Note While recent negotiations between the Mexican government and the Zapatistas progressed little, the fallout from the uprising has led indigenous organizations and campesinos to consider autonomous regions. In this article, we present some selections from the proposal. Attachment Title Breaking_the_Myth_of_the_Nation_Proposal_for_Autonomous_Regions.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Autonomy Council of Indigenous and Peasant Organizations of Chiapas self-determination Territory https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/baa8339e6163ff9f31f929642031ccb0.pdf 3d33f2d22476981d617922b8c3ea50aa PDF Text Text of Victor Paz Estenssoro, under pressure from the Indian law and as a result, a Indian land was returned to them. Paz Estenssoro is back in power, the Second Conference of the World in Kiruna, Sweden, Council of At the United Nations in a conference Americas. , Switzerland, the Non-Governmental discrimination (NGO' s) of the southwestern Mexico. unclear, but SAIIC expresses its support of efforts in the As we prepare communities is and assistance. BRIEFS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS Americanists professor of American Indian Studies and Anthropology at UCLA, attended the Americanists in Bogota, Colombia, July 1-7. She organized a symposium on and Its Consequences, and presented a paper on the effects of relocation for in the joint use area of Arizona. Her comments on the congress overall: "I didn't see that spirit I was looking for. Indigenous issues were sort of under the rug. Indians were only talked about as if were in the past, but the present was ignored." Why can't an international congress of Americanists do better than that? Video, and Photog£!!P.!:!Y A group of people working in film, video, and photography has meeting monthly in the San Francisco Bay Area. Indigenous concerns are a major focus of the group. If you are interested in attending, contact Leanna Wolfe, (415) 834-5740. Vol. 2, no. l, Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 17 �Delegation to Nicaragua Indian Health workers (non-medical included) are wanted for a trip to Nicaragua sponsored by Committee for Health Rights in Central America planned for the end of November. Partial scholarships are available. Contact Diane Williams at ( 415) 268-1627 for more information. 9th Inter-American Indian Congress The 9th Inter-American Indian Congress is planned for Santa Fe, New Mexico, from October 28 to November 1, 1985. The Congress is sponsored by the Inter-American Indian Institute with headquarters in Mexico City, and some 500 participants from throughout the hemisphere are expected to attend. Committees and working sessions will meet to consider a wide range of issues including Develop and Indian People, Cultural Policies and the Indian Community, Human Rights and the Indian World, and Indian Movements and Organizations in the Americas. for more information, write David Warren, United States Organizing Committee, 9th Inter-American Indian Congress, P.O. Box 519, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504-0519. East ~ Green Alliance There is a working group of the East Bay Green Alliance that focuses on Native American issues. For more information, contact linda Joslin, (415) 654-6141. SAIIC welcomes the energy and ideas of volunteers. We are also in need of the following equipment: a computer, typewriter, tape recorder, and camera. Donations are tax deductible. If you can help in these ways, please call (415) 521-2779 or 527-5687. Thank you. Special thanks for production assistance to: The Vanguard Foundation, The American Friends Service Committee, Intertribal Friendship House, Bobsy Draper, Miguel Cavallin, Russ Irwin, Bill Coburn and the SAIIC Committee: Pete Hammer, Peggy lowry, Anna lugo, Maria Massolo, James Muneta, and Jo Tucker. Nilo Cayuqueo, SAIIC Coordinator Susan lobo, Publications Editor Vol. 2, no. 1. Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 18 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Briefs and Announcements Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1985 Language A language of the resource Zotero Title Breifs and Announcements Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (17-18).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note A group of people working in film, video, and photography has meeting monthly in the San Francisco Bay Area. Indigenous concerns are a major focus of the group. Issue 1 Pages 17-18 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Language English Volume 2 Bogota Colombia Jennie Joe Nicaragua https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/0a463c8c629c7108471249e65285dd60.pdf 464acc84abcc565431907f4024ca21bf PDF Text Text A Great Leader Dies (Chile) On July 31, Melillan Painamal died in Temuco of a heart attack. He was a Mapuche Indian leader, and founder of several organizations. He had been organizing the Mapuche people for over 30 years and was the foremost organizer in the Southern Cone during the 1960s and 1970s. In 19?8, during the bloody Pinochet dictatorship, he founded the Centro Culturales Mapuches (CCM) with the goal of unifying the Mapuche people in their defense against the oppressive regime. This led to massive opposition of the Pinochet decree which divided Mapuche traditional lands. Until he died, he worked at the CCM. Melillan strived his entire life for continental Indian unity. As Melillan Painamal returns to the Mother Magnu in the spirit of N'gnechen (the creator), his presence lives on in the struggles of Indian people throug)lout the world. CALCHAQUf INDIANS UNITE AMIDST STRUGGLE AND CONFRONTATION (Argentina) In the Calchaqul valley of the Province of Tucwnan there are approximately 25 Indian communities, all of whom have a long history of struggle. The Diaguita-Calchaqul people waged an implacable war of resistance against the Spanish invaders. In 1716, in order to end the hostilities, the kings of the Spanish Crown signed a treaty with the Indian chiefs, who were led by the Cacique Chapurfe. By means of this Cedula Rtrll (a treaty signed by the King of Spain), titles were granted and Calchaqul sovereignty over their land was recognized. Today, however, the Argentine government does not recognize this treaty. Calchaqui lands are being usurped by landowners who obtain new deeds issued by accomplices in the government. The landowners charge rent from the villagers and if they cannot pay, their animals or harvests are taken away and they are thrown off their lands. The present environment is one of confrontation and struggle. In July of this year, representatives from the communities of Amaicha, Quilmes, El Paso, Los Chailares, El Carmen, El Bailado, Anchillo, Anjuana, Talapazo y Colalao met together to develop a joint work project. They issued the following declaration: Taldng into aa:ounl the proximity of the 500th anniversary of the Spmish cxmquest and the /Ustorical situation of the indigenous communiM; of the Ollchtu{ufwiley where we find ourselves amJinuing to resist the loss of our lands and our culture, we have dedded to fDOl'k together to r=ver and strengthen our organizations. We are cxmscious of the {tlcttha.t it is only through organizing all of our communiM; that we will achieve the strength needed to demand respect for our rights to the land, for our culhmll pautas (values), our trrulitions and our methcds of worlcand organization. The struggle to regain our lands began with theamquest,and wasachierJed in I7161ty ouranastors. From then until now, the struggle has not ceased. After the independence of Argentina from Spain, the land was Iosito usurpers who took adwntage of i1 for personal gain. Again we had to defend our rights, and this lime we achialed the recognition of national authariM; (the protorols ofi857 and 1896).11 is based on this latter recognition that we defend our ltrrilories today. In spite of all of this we main!Jlin our culture, our worlc on the land, our veneration for Pachamama (Mother EArth), our oum music, our own methods of artesanry, and a spirit ofcommunity which is reflected in our patterns of lilnd tenancy and organization. Faced with these needs, and given that the heirs of the conquistadores offive centuries ago are organizing afestive commemoration of what have been five hundred years of subjugation, exploitation, and even genocide, those of us who have endorsed this project have resolved to join our voice with that of all of the peqples of America who continue to resist and demand justiaand respect for our fundamental rights. 6 SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Calchaqui Indians Unite Amidst Struggle and Confrontation Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Calchaqui Indians Unite Amidst Struggle and Confrontation Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1&2 Pages 6 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note The Calchaqui Indians are threatened because their land is being taken by corporations and the Argentinian government. Attachment Title Calchaqui-Indians_Unite_Amidst_Struggle_And_Confrontation.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Argentina Calchaqui land rights Tucuman https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/a0bd40a8dff812af5268a93c373f5d90.pdf 6005a0851093915dec63f08a2a1c05cd PDF Text Text I a C.·\.LE:-.:l>/\H AsHAN l NKA AGAINST OF EvE:-.:Ts SuMMIT rteenl violence against Asbaninka communities in Peru (Soc article on page30). VIOLENCE For more infonnation C()!'ltacl: The 8 Asbanlnb Ollanizations affiliated with the lnter-dhnic As$0Cialion for thelle..:lopmentoflhe Ptruvi31l Jung)e(AlDESEP) v.ill hold the Fil:'$1Summit Gathering of the Ashaninka Peoples in Solipo, Peru, from N<Mmb<r 29 !" Deoernb« 2 Th< purpooeol thls impomnt meeting is to analyze and formu· late lhc pol ides aDd strategies thal should be taken in v~w of the I NTERNATI ONAL TESTIMON I ALS ON H UMAN R I GHTS AlDESEP Av. San Eugenio981 Uri>. Sta C.taJioa, La Vict<>rill Uma,Ptru Tcl:724«)5 Fax: O.SI-014-724«)5 befocc a Council ot TonanlZin Land lnstitute P.O. Bo.x 40182 Albuquerque, NM 87196, USA Tel: (SOS) 766-9930 lndigCOOU$ ctsliliert from around the world will present their cases FOURTH HOLD CONGRESS The Fourth Congrt.$s or the Nationallndigooous Confederation of &:uad<l< (CONAJE) \>ill "ke place frorn Deoemb<r 12·15 at the heOOqurarters of the National EcuadoriM Amazonian Indigenous ConfedtratiOia (CONFENAIE). New leaders will be eloct«< to sttve a three year ttrm by rtprcsenlatives from CoaslaJ, Andean, KANTO D E LA T I ERRA M EDI C INE Preparations are underway for next ye&''s Kanto de Ia Thm, Medici r;e f.a&Jes Gathering. to be bdd in l..aredo. Texas. a1lhe Old M Road site, rrom Mardl 17 - 20. ines FIRST GATHERING OF SPIRITUAL. ELDERS OF Mll..l..ENNI;,.. l.. OF A BYA and Amazonian <lClrnmunitic:s. on behalf or the nir;c Indigenous nalion.'i or Ecuador. 2,S(X) people are expocccd to attend. For moce Information, con~: CONAIE Av. Los Granados 25$3 and Av. 6 de Oiciembre C.Silla Pooui92-C, Ql,ito, &:uaoo< Tel: (2) 248-930 Fax: (2) 442-271 The is.sue:s of eavironment. the free trade alliance, and the ollhe rivtr ll\at scpantes Mexico and the· Ul\ited Statts are at the focus of this year's galhering. ~am.inadon Par1icip3J'lts who are planning to attend in Marett. pk.ase ooot3Ct: EAGLES GAT H ER I NG TH E that will produ« a document for For moce lnfonnation contact: The lntematicnal Te$timonials on the Violation of Indigenous Human Right$. to be held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, from Deoemb<r9· 12. 1993, will briog Indigenous peoples and Ofi>Oiza· lions together tO (lftStnt and heat l<$limony on the impact natioa· state p·emments have 1\ad on Indigenous toVe:reignty rights. CONAIE T O l...is~eners $ubmi$$ion to the United Nalions and other forums. The event is c» sponsott<l by the ContinMtal Coor\iinating Commission of lndig· enous Na1ior\s and Otp\iutKas, tbc Indigenous Peoples' AJii· anoe. aOO the Tonantzin l..atld lnstilute. Y WISDOM Al..A The ga~hcring will acSdress the main issue affecting the lndigtflOUS Peoples of Abya Yala. !he danger of Ex.1inaion of the Wi:sdotn keepers-Spiritual EI<Sers due to the almost im,·enible damage to our Traditional W ays. Our plan of action is &O strength the Kanto de lo1lern Reymu.I'Kio Tigre-Ptrtz f.xOC:Uti\'C Oire<:c.or P.O. Box 3m i.al<do, TX 78044 Tel: (210) 791·3674 Tra<titional Ways or friendship. trust. cooperation and, above an, the building of a Peaceful Future of ~is:tenoe with all our Relations and our Mocher Earth. For all communieatiMs conlaCl us at the following addl't$$! Ploy«~<> de Dmarollo S3ntiago Km. 1S C3rretera Roost.\·ell Apclo. IJ.BC.P.01903 Guatemala, GuawnaJa Fax: 953913 Abya Y a l a N ews � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 3-4 (Fall/Winter 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Calendar of Events Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall and Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Calendar of Events Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 3,4 Pages 38 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Fall and Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note A copy of a calendar of international events related to indigenous populations from November 29, 1993 to March 1994. Attachment Title Calendar_Of_Events.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abya Yala AIDESEP Ashaninka CONAIE Ecuador Human Rights Indigenous Peoples Peru