19 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7e77791cb0ba88c19cdbf5dd7a07376b.pdf f1cdc06893ef1b27c8d9a2f8b87bd121 PDF Text Text EN V IRONMENT Second International Indigenous Forum On Biodiversity and the Convention on · Biological Diversity Workshop THE CONVENU()N ON 81ot.OC.ICAL 0MRSITY IS niE FIRST IN'TERNAnONAU.Y IINOING AGREEMENT LOOSELY RE<)VIRING ll"S 165 MEM8.£R NATIONS TO SUSTAlNABlY USE THE \\'ORLOS 810lOGICAI. OMRSITY, THE AGREEMENT WAS OPE:NEO fOR SK.NATURE IN JUNE 1992 AT UIE EARTH SUMMrT IN RIO DE JANEIRO, AND HAO RECEIVED 168 SIGNATURES 8Y JUNE 4 OF 1993- rom November 20a23, Indigenous pc:OJ>I<: (rom around the world met ru the Second International Forum on B1odwersn)' m Madrad. Spain to pre· par< a proposal for the Traditional Knowl<dge and Stologtcal O.,·crslly of the Con\•enuon on B•ologrcal Diversity (CBD) Workshop. wh1ch was hdd from NO\• 24th to the 28th The Workshop f0<U5«1 on the 1mplcmentauon of Anicle 8). as pbnncd at the thud Conftr<nce of !'antes (COP) tn Buenos AntS. Argentina. 1he pn~:vtous year 111 NO\·embt-r 1996. F What follows IS the proposal drafted by the lnd1genous Forum on Biodiversity and submitted to the \Vorkshop on Trnditionol Knowledge and Biological Oavcrsuy. The results from the lntcmauon:d Indigenous rorum will be presemed to the Founh Conference of Pantes in Urmi.slava, Slovakia, in May of 1998. Working document on the implementation of article 8j. and related articles PREAMBLE lndcg<nOtiS Peoples comt from the land and ha"c b<tll our lift rhrough rht land. \Vt clo nOl tdmt lO the land th<u w e came from <b prOI)(rty, we rd<Ue ro the lcmd a.s our Mol her. nwt the lcmd is our 1\lfother cmmOl bt denied, just <IS it caml.()l be denied thm our htmum mother is our rt!Clher. In this t·rspca we as lndlget~ous Peoples ha,·e rcsportslbllltttS lO honor and nutrurc our Earth 10 tnsutt rhat she can conrim'c to ght us life. Ou• role and rtspo11$ibcliry is co prOt((( ""' MOth<~ &mh from d<Slfuaion and abllsn·e lreoln".c'nt, JUSt as we u·mdd defend our human moLher. In ca'!)1ng out chLS r«ponslbthty owr a period of cJwu. ,.,ru~, of )tars. we ha>t b«®K a crncral comporttnl of rht l>lorl"''""Y of the Eanh. 8"''" 26 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ELEMENTS FOR THE FORMULATION OF A WORK PROGRAM 1 Ensure thal the tmplementauon of an1cle 8). and related an1des. take into constdcrauon lht txt.sung lndlgenous decbrauons •nd proposals. mcludmg the Draft Declarauon on the Rights of lnd1genous Peoples. the Kan Oea Decbrnuon. the Macaatua Decbration. tht S.'tma Cruz O¢clamuon. the Leucia Declarnuon and Plan of Aeuon. the Treaty (or a L1re Fomts Patent Free Pac1flc. the Uk\I))SCI'\1 Kun\\ Yala Declaration. and prev1ous stmcmcms of Indigenous Forums convened nt J>revious CBD/COP and intcrscssional meetings. 2. Ensure Indigenous Peoples· full and mcanmgrul p:micipatlon in the implemcmatton of an.1clc 8J. and related antc:les: a) r'('(:Ogmu: lndagcnous Peoples as Pan•es to the Co1wenuon on 81ological o,,·ersuy b) adopt lht recommendation of the S.eond lntemauonal lnd1genous Forum to cstabhsh an lnd1gcnous Peoples' Workmg Group c) m•·ol"e the lndtgenous Peoples' \\~mg Group in thc mttrprumon and amplcmentation of anrcle 8J and related amcles. ancludmg the monnonng of the eomphance of the Pan.1es to the Convcnuon to thear obliga~ uons under the Convenuon d) de"clop mechanisms to ensure Indigenous Peoples' p:micipallon in decision making processes al the intcrnauonal level (UN, COP. lFF, etc.) e) de"elop mechanisms to ensure lndagc,~ous Peoples' participation m dccasion making processts at the nauonallevel. mc1udmg 1hc de,·clopmem and 1mpltmentauon of lcg~sbuon , envt· ronment:al acuon plans and 1mpaa stud· 1es 0 de.·elop meehamsms to ensure the full pan~etpauon of lndcgenous Peoples tn State P3n.ts' str.ucg.ra 10 desagnatc and manage protected ams g) mcorporate the nght to obJecnon m all meehamsms to ensure Indigenous Peoples' pa.rtidpa· tion h) incorporate the light to free and prior infonned consent 111 all mechanisms w tnsure lndtgcnous Peoples' pantcip.1· uon. 3. Develop mechan1sms to ensure the full and equal pamopa110n of Indigenous women 1n all processes rtl.ltrd to the 1mp!c:mencauon of the Com·enuon. a.nd suppon the umque mpons1bdcuu of Indigenous womrn tn tht canng of 1hetr tradmonal lands and temtones and the protect ton o( baodi\'C:rslty 4. De"elop mechan1sms and process· es to ensure Indigenous Pcot>lcs' control over l:mds and territories to affect the protecuon a.nd cnhanccmcm of biodiversity: n) recognl:e the malienable a priori rightS of Indigenous Peoples b) recognize 1he. rela.uonsh11> thm cxis1s between the lands and tcrrnoncs o( lnd1genous Peoples and thm knowledge. innovations :tnd pmet1CCS rclaung to b•odi\'ei"Sil)' c) de\'elop proeesses to rep.,ui· ate the lands and temtones of lndtgenous Peoples 5. Incorporate 1nd1genous customary resourtt uses, nunagtment and pracuces 1010 sustamable: developmtnt plans. poh· c1es and proctsstS at mtemauonal and nation~J levels, recogmzmg transboundary issues tmportnnt to lnd1genous Peoples: a) encoumge muhihueral institu· lions, international ngencics. research institutions a.nd non·govcrnmcnt organi· zations to Involve Indigenous knowledge. innova1ions n.nd pmctlce.s rela.ted to the use and m.anagemtm of resources in their plans and programs b) estabhsh an mdtgt-nous global b1och"crsuy momtor· ing sys~em based on early wammg sys· t<ms usmg 1nd1genous knowledge Mth 1he backmg of sa~tllue technology and geographic mform.auon S)"Sttms c) requ1re thc mcorpor.auon of md1gcnous perspecuves and soe1al and cultural Conttnucd on pog< 35 /W(a Yala News �S A I I C C...tonucd from pagt 26 damc:nsaons amo enVIronmental tmpact assessment processes of research msulutts, mululatcral institutions, go,•ernmcms, etc. 6. Dc\'elop standards and guidelines for the protection. maintenance nnd developmen1 of mdigcnous knowledge. whtch a) faclluate the development o£ SUI gcncns S)'Stems of protecuon for lndagcnous knowledge accordang to mdagcnou.s customary laws. \'alues and world VIew b) reeognize the concept of the collecuve rights of lndtgenous Peoples and mcorporate this in all nauonal nnd mternational lcgislauon c) take into account :md incorporate cx1stmg Indigenous Peoples' politkal ond !ego! systems :md Indigenous Peoples' cuswmary usc or resources d) recogmzc tr.tdluonal agnculturol systems or lndagcnous People> e) mvolve Indigenous Peoples In th< dtvelopment of research gutdehn.s and standards 7 De,·elop standards and gutddmes for the prevention of biopiracy, the mon· 11onng of b•oprospecting and access 10 genetic resources: a) affec1 a momwrium on all bioprospecling and/or collecuon or biologtcal n13terial,s in the territoncs or lndtgcnous Peoples and protected Mtas and patenung based on these collecuons unul acceptable su1 ·generis S)'Stems arc cstabhshed b) affect a mor.uonum on th< rcg>5<enng of knowledge c) rcrogmze the nghts of lnd•genous Peoples' to acccS> and repatnote genetic matenals held tn all ex-suu collecuons. such as gene banks. herbanums and botamcal gardens. 8. Ensure the sharing of the benc01s derived from the use o f indigenous knowledge includes other rights. obhga· uons and responsibilities such as land nghts and the mamtenance or lndtgenous cultul't's co faethtate the transmtSS•on of knowltdgt. mOO\oauons. pracutt.s and values to future generations. 9 Ensure that rtlevant pi'0\'1SIOns or tmernauonal mechanisms and agrte· mcms of dtrcct relevance to the tmplc· mcmation or :tntcle Sj. and rehued al'tt· clcs. such "' 1he Trnde Related lnlellectual Propeny agreement of the World Trnde Organization. the European Union dtrecuve on the patenung of hfc forms. the Human Genome Otvtrsuy Vol. 11 No.1 ProJect. the Hu.man Genome Dechrnuon of the UNESCO. the FAO Comm1sston on PJam Genetic Resources and national and regional intellectual 1>ropeny ngh1s legislation under development, 1 ncorpo· rote the rights and concerns of lndtgenous Ptoples as cxpreS>ed u1 the ILO Convention 169, the Draft Dechrauon on the RightS of lndtg<nous Peopl.s. th< Kan Ocl Declarauon. th< Mawtua Dtt:larauon. the Santa Cnaz Declarauon, th< Len= Declar:tnon ond Plan of Amon, the Treaty for a Life Forms Patent Free Paciflc and prtV1ous Slate· mtntS of Indigenous forums COIWtned :U prev1ous CBD/COP and mterscss1onal meenngs. 10. Provide material "nd non·matcri· al suppon mechamsms and mcenuvcs to lndtgenous Peoples for cap.1<1ty butldtng m1ttaU\'CS towards· a) the de,'tlopmcnt of SUI genens S)"Sltms based on andagcnous customary la"'s for the prot«uon and promouon of lndtgcno~ knowledge. mno,•J.ttons and practtces b) m.s.tttuuonal strengthening and negonoung eapacny c) local!)• controlled pohcy. research and development strategies and acttvlllts for the maintenance and development of Indigenous knowledge 11 Require the rcvualtz.uton and numtcnance o£ Jnd1gcnous 13ngu.agts as pan or the implementation or antcle 8j and r<loted anicles and suppon the de,·elopmtnl of cdutall(mal S)'Stems b;osed on mdig<nous valuts and world \'ltW, mcludmg lhC CStabhshmtlll Of :m lndtgenous uni,•ersny. 12. Require that research and devel· opment activities in the reahn or lndtgcnous Peoples' knowledge. practtccs tmd mnovation systems arc gl\'en 1he s:tmc financial and pohcy support :as •for· nul scacnufte• research and development l(IIYltlts. 13. PrO\ide matenal and non·maltn· a.ltnctmh·es for mamtammg and enhanc· tng biodivcrsit)1, indu~mg l:md nghts and the recognition of acluc\'ements by lndtgcnous Peoples in protcctmg btO<h· ve rslt y. '!I C...tmutd from page 2i mentS and rdorrns 10 1he Mexican State. rather n would be admmmg that what. is needed is a rndtcJI tr.msfonnntion to the corrupt structures or J>OWCr in Mexico that have been dommatcd by the more than 70 y<•or old PRI dicLatorship. It would mean allowmg for not onl)f the Zapaustas. but all of Mcx1can ctv1l soct· ety to have the nght to trnnsfonn the government mto $0mcthmg that would go\'em by obeymg the needs and consensus of the MeX1<3n people, rath<r than conunue to be medtator or due global busmes.s mtcrtsts and an msa.ru· mem of repress1on Unfortunately Mextco acts with the reassurances or its tr..dc panncrs, the United States and Canada. The only 1hing standmg In the way o£ Mexico's unacceptable pol•cy towards Indigenous pcopl.s IS ciVll SO<tety both m Mexico and globally Cl\11 SO<ltty through both tts pohtical "111 and ~IOns an put an end to Lht> gtnoctdal war. The Indigenous people art clear that the solutiO!\ wall come from nowhere else. nor can they do It alone. "'Nenher peace nor JUstice w1ll come from the govern· mem. They wtll come from civil society. from its a muauves. from us mobiliza· tions. To her. to )'OU, we sptak toda):''tl er,.t;l fdoiJcri is o ..... olIN,...,. K ,0, ;ti;o. r.ds f:t t:lt K :1iol<l( - l o t o.-<q ialli.Oco. SO. «:tlifd t:lt Ulitlnilyol !osuxia ~ ~ riett t:lt c ...P,Jtl loll ol«..tfon ia Hisl«y o o :J - . ; , SociolorJ r<llticrJ ~ ...t htt tmis ootl:. [opclirJ"' I• Stpllcfllll l 1996, liN ""' Dlit4 10 jojw tb• Noctb AmtricOJ lodioo O.S.,.rioo to tho U Kofioo~ llitt4 W"t~ 610119,. tilt Otch Oodototiocl co tho t~hts of llldigtAOlll Pf<9(" io Gt,o,,., In O.Crmhu of t!nt ym, sit tror..<d lolo toolidoJ, ~ M cod pcod.cod • irko '""F''·\om•IKitfi<g 'lf''clin' tiN sittlclioa;, llio.,....li«, ....t~ag 11ili N IJ.II. (JysJd C •w • ""'t ""A..""' lf<Jri<J ooJioc:oi4t,. .... - A.. ...t eclifn ,_ pk or«JCJ INI..,,....;.. "9'<XXr /omcg 01 "' ~ llriAr:toitco Slrog;fos ol ~ ~ io IU.dc• """,_.,,,owen" 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Second International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity and the Convention on Biological Diversity Workshop Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Zotero Title Second International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity and the Convention on Biological Diversity Workshop Item Type Journal Article Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 26, 35 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Language English Abstract Note A proposal was drafted at the Second International Forum on Biodiversity that includes recommendations for elements of a work program which ensures Indigenous rights. Attachment Title Second_Internation_Indigenous_Forum_on_Biodiversity_and_the_convention_on_Biological_Diversity_Workshop.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Madrid Spain https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/75ccdc4e186074bd4be814fb7f063502.pdf 7045adbccabcdc062e3980704b983f24 PDF Text Text SUMO & MISKITO TIMBER GIVEN TO TAIWAN COMPANY <Nicaragua) An agreement of economic cooperation was made between the Chamono government and the Taiwanese government where Taiwan has pledged $100 million to rover part of the arrears payments on Nicaragua's foreign debt- plus an unknown amount of aid to theOrtegaanny. Shortly after, Pedro Joaquin Chamono, son of President Chamono, and present Ambassador to Taiwan, brought Fernando Chan, the front man for the Taiwanese fi.n n Fquipe Enterprise, Ltd., to General Humberto Ortcg~> to seek a logging ronccssion. Ironically, Chan, a Nicaraguan, was reportedly the business advisor for the late Hope Somoza, wife of the former d ictator Anastasio Somoza, and for their son Tachito. Equipe Enterprise solid ted a renewable :ZO.year forestry ronc:ession for the exploitation of 470,000 hectares of tropical forest in northeastern Nicaragua. It is 1,814 square miles, an area about the size of the state of Delaware. They will be cutting approximately five trees per hectare peryea.r. Under this agreement, 200.000 hectares of forest will feed a pulp paper mill and 270,000 hectares of forest will feed a plywood and lumber mill, both to be installed by Equlpe Enterprise. The Taiwanese also requested exoneration from taxes and rights to the acquisition of infrastructure at discounted prices. nities' socia.l problems and destroys the ecological s~ the rivers, the soil, the wild animals and their hJstoriCally natural habitat. Both the Sumo and Miskito communities have strongly opposed thisroncesslon and have stated that this p roject will further endanger their ho meland, making their survival even more difficult. Sumo leaders have written a letter asking the international community to help them protect the forest. The authorities of the Autonomous Region of the North A tlantic have filed a protest claiming the concession violates their rig)'ots as established in the Law of Auto nomy and the Constitution. They demanded the "immediate suspension of all action in this case, full disc~ of the details of the contract, and the establishment of a national law regulating the usc of natural resources before any concession is p ut into effect." They have further stated," A failure to comply with these demands will foroe us to exert our rig)'ots to defend our patrimony." Please write letters ol concem 10 President VioleiO Chomorro, Antonio Locoyo and G-rol Humbetto Ortego c/o the Nicoroguan Embossy, 1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Woshington DC 20009 ond send o fox to Joime lncet, Minister ol Natural R esources in Nicaroguo, (IRENA) ot 5052·31274. On the evening of August 5, 1991, before departing for Taiwan, and after being authorized by Antonio Lacayo, Minister of the Presidency, Mr. Patricio Jerez, Vice-Minister of IRENA (the natural resourccsdepartrnenO, signed an exploitation ron tract with Equipe Nicaragua, S.A. President Chamono's government ron tinucs to deny that such a ron tract was signed. Local rommunities and those in charge of regional plaMing were not ronsulted. Althoug)'o most of the 470,000 hectares belo ng to the state, they include some of the traditional tcnitories o f the Sumo and Miskito lndians. A roncession of this type ignores the rig)'ots of the indigenous communities to usc a.n d enjoy their natural resources and to participate in the decisionmaking, increases the commu- Vol6 Nos 1&2 27 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sumo and Miskito Timber Given to Taiwan Company Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Sumo and Miskito Timber Given to Taiwan Company Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 27 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note In an shady deal, a timber company is sold to Taiwan. Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p027.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Chamorro Violeta Nicaragua https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/f1bacde55806dd44a9b35894bdcc134d.pdf 74266006b2e347233bd5e5d5729ee0d0 PDF Text Text _ __, S E L F D ETE R M I N A TI ON & TERR I T O R Y Margarita Calfio M argarita works with the LIWEN umer for \Vc know that you work with Ihe Mapuche youth in Temuco. Chile. How are urban Mapuche youth keeping their idenc i1y? I personally li\'ed this reality and it was a slow, complex process. because when I began to reconnect with my Mapuche heritage, my parents were Mapuche Studies and Actually. I was working with youths unhappy. They didn·t understand or did· or the when l resided in Santiago. betwe.-:n '92 and '95. I worked with a youth organi- tl't wam to comprehend my need lO reconnect with my roots.. .lt was a difficult battle agninst the social currents.. and against your o'vn fears... Documentation and is a member Mapuche lnStiu.nions and Organizations of the IX Region Organizing Committee. She was also presidem of the Urbon zation called the Urban Mapuche Indigenous Youth and Student Union. One of my wishes now is to start a project with urban Mapuche youths in the city of Temuco. because revitalizing identity in these spaces is urgem. Mapuehe Indigenous Youth and Student \ Ve know very well that citie-s are nOt the appropriate environment for the Union, and founder and boord member rtprodu<tio'' and socialization of the cultural elements of an Indigenous People. These places. rather than facilitating the formation of a unique identity and positive self-image for the younger Indigenous generation. tend to degrade of the urban Mapuchc association. ~ Kinen Mapu.'" Margarita came tO visit SAIIC in you as a human being and encourage negative and alienating values. mid-March to pllnicipate in a num~r of According to the 1992 population local events. She gave a presentation at census, there are one million two hun- SAIIC's "Recognizing and Honoring dred Mapuche people. Of this, over than four hundred thousand Mapuches live in Contributions and Metropolitan regions. and onl)' about 15% live in rural zones. Perspectives of Indigenous WomcnM event on March 13th. While visiting our office, Margarita spoke with SAIIC about her work with urbon Mapuche youth in Chile. Vol. 11 No.1 The urbat> Mapuche population is mnde up of migrants from the n1ral communities and their children born and raised in the cities. They are youths with Mapuchc last names, but they are usual!)• lacking cultural references that would enable them to connect with their Indigenous identity in a positive way. How much in nucncc has urban culture had on Indigenous youths ? The city influences you with values that alienate you from your identity as a Mat>uche. but when you resolve your own identity issues and begin to accept yourself and feel proud of your origins. it gets easier. There are always people that will help you. especially the grandmoth· ers and grandfathers, \vho will hand you all their knowledge without questioning. A very relati\'e J>Oint is that when you assume your identit)', being urban, you have mastered the elements of the Other world , of the dominant society. This is really an advantage. because you posses the tools that you can utilize to benefit your people. This is what we are trying to with many Mnpuche young people, make them conscious of our heritage, con- scious or our need to become profession~ ais. \ Vh at is "' Kinen Mapu'', the Urban Mapuche Association doing to Slipport the Mapuchc youth and to s tre ngthen their culture? 33 R �S E L F DETERM I NATION This organization is new and has n01 yet completely defined its course of action. which is something that we have to do soon. l've been working'for some time with the ll\VEN Cemer for Mapuche Studies and Documentation. The objective of this institution is w generate knowledge from our own perspective al'td to disseminate il to all sectors. especially the Mapuche. For example. we work on topics relating to the Mapuche people, to the situation of other Indigenous nations· in their own co\mtrics. and on the issue of Bilingual Intercultural Education. \Vhat is the difference between the programs for Mapuche children and those for 1hc youths? & TERRI T ORY understand our interest in understanding things of such liule relevance to them. The people in the countryside usually don't value their legends. their family his· tOries. They doni comprehend the rich· ness of their own knowledge. V.le got them to change their anitude: they stancd to talk, to spill out a whole marvelous. unknown world for us. V.lc really teamed an enom1ous amoum. It was magical to listen to it all, and the most importam thing is that we were able to get our relatives, om aunts and uncles. cOtlSins. etc .. involved. \Ve'd like to ask why you, as a young Mapuchc woman, arc involved in this type of work? l work with conviction, because I really feel that itS necessary to Slruggle With the children you have to work in a p1ayftt1 comext, where you keep the youngster entertained while they're learning. and of course you must involve the famil)' in some way. This is difficult, because many times the parents don't agree that their child should learn about Mapuche culture because they view this as negative bUlthis is not their fault. \Vc don't know what negative experiences they Mve had that have made them opposed to it. for our rights as Mapuche people. The COnditions o£ poverty and Ot>prcssion ir'l which we live today must change. Mapuche children should grow up in a healthy atmosphere, in peace and hannony with the environment. \Vorking with young people or adolescents is a liule more complex. They are going through a difficult stage. building their identit)~ They have marly fears. and to come to terms with being an Indigenous person in a racist country is not an easy thing. You have tO gain their confidence slowl): They must see that you as a woman car'l be a role tnodel. that being Ma1>uche is net bad or ugly, not at all. \Vhat would you like to see in the future fo r Mapuche youth? And what would you like to do to make it hap· pen? \Vc know th:tt you did some research on the oral history of cite fa milies of urban Mapuchc youths. \Vhal were the most impor1an1 points 1hat came out of this research? This study came about due to the \Vhen I wok consciousness of my identity, or my history. or my culture. it was really like a liberation. I strongly feel the need to supj>OM my people in every 'vay that I can. ItS a life choice. The future of the youth and children is a worry that we have as a people. In many communities. the young people must migrate to the urban centers to find any work they can. Their dreams of studying arc dashed at a very youn$ age and that's not fair. I'd like to do many things. but we need to design strategies at the community level. Individual initiatives should be within a larger comc~·a to make the desired impacts and changes. We're working for this. interest that a group of us young Mapuche students had in retrieving our history, that history which was denied us for our having been born in a differem context than our parents and grandpar· ems. It was :m arduous task. because from the bcgil'tning our families didn't 34 \Ve know that you've been working on a project on Indigenous \Vomen and Gender in \ Vashington. DC. Could you te ll us what the focus of your research tms been? In S<!ptember. 1997. I was selected by the JXvelopmem Fund for Indigenous Peoples tO develop a work apprentice-Ship ln the Indigenous People-s· Union of the lnternmerican Development Bank. located in Washington. DC. I'm St>ecifically working on editing a report about the topic of gender relations in indigenous communities and development. It is a renective work, whose main objective is to understand Indigenous women's thoughts and perceptions aboUl develop· mem. Essentially, the idea is to propose certain strntegies that can be incorporated into the S.mk's policies in relation to · indigenous women. "!' Contino<ed from p<lgt 22 contribution to society, not only the Indigenous one of Ecuador. but in whichever place throughout the world. \ Vhat have been the challe nges that you have had to face as an Indigenous woman doctor? I don't like being labeled as an Indigenous woman doctor; well. I feel like any other womar\ of ar\y other culltlte and nation. Btu in fact l'"e had to face cenain challenges. like knowing that the people of my community viewed me as the s.wior from the health problems affecting the community. The leaders of my l>rovincial community trusted so in my abilities. One demonstration of this was their inviting me to work in the SAMAY Project. Onanced by the European Unior'l. I'm talkir\g about a pro Hfe project that would permit us, in a significant manner, to build our society, that would allow us to control our own destiny. Being a representative of the Confederation of the Indigenous Nationalities o£ Ecuador. CONAIE, is another challenge. 4 To respond positively to all these challenges. 1 always U)' to le.arn more to better understand the culture of Globalization. to learn how to manuever myself 'vithin the dynamics of the modern age, in distinct levels and spheres of humal'lttctions. For me, it is imponam to take imo account the advice and the points of view of the great Indigenous leaders. and of the great ideologies. both old and new. '11 Abya Yala News �S A I I C C...tonucd from pagt 26 damc:nsaons amo enVIronmental tmpact assessment processes of research msulutts, mululatcral institutions, go,•ernmcms, etc. 6. Dc\'elop standards and guidelines for the protection. maintenance nnd developmen1 of mdigcnous knowledge. whtch a) faclluate the development o£ SUI gcncns S)'Stems of protecuon for lndagcnous knowledge accordang to mdagcnou.s customary laws. \'alues and world VIew b) reeognize the concept of the collecuve rights of lndtgenous Peoples and mcorporate this in all nauonal nnd mternational lcgislauon c) take into account :md incorporate cx1stmg Indigenous Peoples' politkal ond !ego! systems :md Indigenous Peoples' cuswmary usc or resources d) recogmzc tr.tdluonal agnculturol systems or lndagcnous People> e) mvolve Indigenous Peoples In th< dtvelopment of research gutdehn.s and standards 7 De,·elop standards and gutddmes for the prevention of biopiracy, the mon· 11onng of b•oprospecting and access 10 genetic resources: a) affec1 a momwrium on all bioprospecling and/or collecuon or biologtcal n13terial,s in the territoncs or lndtgcnous Peoples and protected Mtas and patenung based on these collecuons unul acceptable su1 ·generis S)'Stems arc cstabhshed b) affect a mor.uonum on th< rcg>5<enng of knowledge c) rcrogmze the nghts of lnd•genous Peoples' to acccS> and repatnote genetic matenals held tn all ex-suu collecuons. such as gene banks. herbanums and botamcal gardens. 8. Ensure the sharing of the benc01s derived from the use o f indigenous knowledge includes other rights. obhga· uons and responsibilities such as land nghts and the mamtenance or lndtgenous cultul't's co faethtate the transmtSS•on of knowltdgt. mOO\oauons. pracutt.s and values to future generations. 9 Ensure that rtlevant pi'0\'1SIOns or tmernauonal mechanisms and agrte· mcms of dtrcct relevance to the tmplc· mcmation or :tntcle Sj. and rehued al'tt· clcs. such "' 1he Trnde Related lnlellectual Propeny agreement of the World Trnde Organization. the European Union dtrecuve on the patenung of hfc forms. the Human Genome Otvtrsuy Vol. 11 No.1 ProJect. the Hu.man Genome Dechrnuon of the UNESCO. the FAO Comm1sston on PJam Genetic Resources and national and regional intellectual 1>ropeny ngh1s legislation under development, 1 ncorpo· rote the rights and concerns of lndtgenous Ptoples as cxpreS>ed u1 the ILO Convention 169, the Draft Dechrauon on the RightS of lndtg<nous Peopl.s. th< Kan Ocl Declarauon. th< Mawtua Dtt:larauon. the Santa Cnaz Declarauon, th< Len= Declar:tnon ond Plan of Amon, the Treaty for a Life Forms Patent Free Paciflc and prtV1ous Slate· mtntS of Indigenous forums COIWtned :U prev1ous CBD/COP and mterscss1onal meenngs. 10. Provide material "nd non·matcri· al suppon mechamsms and mcenuvcs to lndtgenous Peoples for cap.1<1ty butldtng m1ttaU\'CS towards· a) the de,'tlopmcnt of SUI genens S)"Sltms based on andagcnous customary la"'s for the prot«uon and promouon of lndtgcno~ knowledge. mno,•J.ttons and practtces b) m.s.tttuuonal strengthening and negonoung eapacny c) local!)• controlled pohcy. research and development strategies and acttvlllts for the maintenance and development of Indigenous knowledge 11 Require the rcvualtz.uton and numtcnance o£ Jnd1gcnous 13ngu.agts as pan or the implementation or antcle 8j and r<loted anicles and suppon the de,·elopmtnl of cdutall(mal S)'Stems b;osed on mdig<nous valuts and world \'ltW, mcludmg lhC CStabhshmtlll Of :m lndtgenous uni,•ersny. 12. Require that research and devel· opment activities in the reahn or lndtgcnous Peoples' knowledge. practtccs tmd mnovation systems arc gl\'en 1he s:tmc financial and pohcy support :as •for· nul scacnufte• research and development l(IIYltlts. 13. PrO\ide matenal and non·maltn· a.ltnctmh·es for mamtammg and enhanc· tng biodivcrsit)1, indu~mg l:md nghts and the recognition of acluc\'ements by lndtgcnous Peoples in protcctmg btO<h· ve rslt y. '!I C...tmutd from page 2i mentS and rdorrns 10 1he Mexican State. rather n would be admmmg that what. is needed is a rndtcJI tr.msfonnntion to the corrupt structures or J>OWCr in Mexico that have been dommatcd by the more than 70 y<•or old PRI dicLatorship. It would mean allowmg for not onl)f the Zapaustas. but all of Mcx1can ctv1l soct· ety to have the nght to trnnsfonn the government mto $0mcthmg that would go\'em by obeymg the needs and consensus of the MeX1<3n people, rath<r than conunue to be medtator or due global busmes.s mtcrtsts and an msa.ru· mem of repress1on Unfortunately Mextco acts with the reassurances or its tr..dc panncrs, the United States and Canada. The only 1hing standmg In the way o£ Mexico's unacceptable pol•cy towards Indigenous pcopl.s IS ciVll SO<tety both m Mexico and globally Cl\11 SO<ltty through both tts pohtical "111 and ~IOns an put an end to Lht> gtnoctdal war. The Indigenous people art clear that the solutiO!\ wall come from nowhere else. nor can they do It alone. "'Nenher peace nor JUstice w1ll come from the govern· mem. They wtll come from civil society. from its a muauves. from us mobiliza· tions. To her. to )'OU, we sptak toda):''tl er,.t;l fdoiJcri is o ..... olIN,...,. K ,0, ;ti;o. r.ds f:t t:lt K :1iol<l( - l o t o.-<q ialli.Oco. SO. «:tlifd t:lt Ulitlnilyol !osuxia ~ ~ riett t:lt c ...P,Jtl loll ol«..tfon ia Hisl«y o o :J - . ; , SociolorJ r<llticrJ ~ ...t htt tmis ootl:. [opclirJ"' I• Stpllcfllll l 1996, liN ""' Dlit4 10 jojw tb• Noctb AmtricOJ lodioo O.S.,.rioo to tho U Kofioo~ llitt4 W"t~ 610119,. tilt Otch Oodototiocl co tho t~hts of llldigtAOlll Pf<9(" io Gt,o,,., In O.Crmhu of t!nt ym, sit tror..<d lolo toolidoJ, ~ M cod pcod.cod • irko '""F''·\om•IKitfi<g 'lf''clin' tiN sittlclioa;, llio.,....li«, ....t~ag 11ili N IJ.II. (JysJd C •w • ""'t ""A..""' lf<Jri<J ooJioc:oi4t,. .... - A.. ...t eclifn ,_ pk or«JCJ INI..,,....;.. "9'<XXr /omcg 01 "' ~ llriAr:toitco Slrog;fos ol ~ ~ io IU.dc• """,_.,,,owen" 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with SAIIC: Margarita Martha Calfio Montalva Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Zotero Title Interview with SAIIC: Margarita Martha Calfio Montalva Item Type Journal Article Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 33-35 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Language English Abstract Note Margarita Marta Calfio Montalvo works closely with Mapuche youth in Temuco, Chile. She discusses urban cultures affects on Mapuche youth, her hopes for the future of the Mapuche youth, and challenges she faces as a women in the field of medicine. Attachment Title Interview_With_SAIC_Margarita_Marta_Calfio_Montalva.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Chile Mapuche https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/046860b09159ce0a40a74f9674e934bb.pdf cb8ce3910fedeb5dac5c4ebe9a79adcc PDF Text Text unites all Kuna prople and organizations. Eve')' six months the problems of our prople arc reviewed in this congress. Du.ring the rest of the year our communities and organizations work independently. Distinct political and even ideological positions are respected. What unites us is the defense of our region. our Mother Earth, and our culture. 'The Kuna Region of Madungandi is being threatened by the invasion of non·indigenous colonists. 'Those who live in the jungle region are on mountainous lands which are less productive, the result of a forced relocation in 1974 and 1975 by the fonncr government of General Omar Torrijos. The government decided to build a hydroelectric dam in the region in order to supply electridty to the republic. Ironically, today, our brothers still do not have electricity. They do not enjoy any of the benefits of this socalled "technological development." They live in the province of Panama, under the direct administration of the authorities of that province. 'Their situation worsened in 1974 and 1975 when the government of Omar Torrijos nooded their territories and turned them into an artificial lake. Now the lake generates approximately 45% of the country's elcctridty. The cultivated lands of the Kuna were nooded, the prople were displaaxl to inhospitable a.nd less productive areas, and they received little compensation for their losses. In contrast, the colonists or invaders were relocated to better parts and given compensation for the loss of land and cultivated areas. Since the origins of this problem nearly 20 years ago, the stealing of lands from the Kuna has continued. Today, it is lead by wealthy landowners and cattle ranchers who manipulate disputes between poor proplc and our brothers in order to eventually take over the land themselves. These invasions have increased since the US invasion of Panama, as a result of the confusion and lad< of applied justice. On the 10th of july, 1991, the Kuna of Madungandi began a series of peaceful protcsts, an uprising. The Panamanian authorities immediately stated that the "'Kuna indigenous prople, using heavy weapons, have risen up_. to destabilize the present government." This became the pretext for the governor of the province to request the police intervention in order to repress the Kuna. Fortunately, their false daims were disregarded and confronted with courage by our brot.hers, with the support of the Kuna Yala. 'The Kuna who live on the isla.n dsengage in subsistence production. The men generally work in fishing the seas and agricultural production, in particular the production of coconut. which is our main source of cash income. We sell coconuts to Colombian ships, and many of us exchange it for food products. The Panamanian government has done little or nothing to purchase coconut from us and to look for a solution to the deep economic crisis affecting our regions. Amongst our prople, we continue to barter for food products, which contributes slightly toward alleviating the crisis. The women, in tum., dedicate themselves primarily to the home and to the care of children. (Su At~ncio, p. 45) 26 The Kuna Speak about 500 Years of Resistance (Panama) Our organization, along with other Indigenous organizations in Panama have coordinated the 500yearscampaign ina united way. We see 1992asa time to commemorate not only 500 years of resistance, but also to reinforce ties of unity amongst ourselves. This will enable us to better confront our enemies who tty to divide us and deny our existence. It is for this reason that we recognize the struggle of other poor and marginalized sec:lors of our eountty. Ukc us, they fight for their survival and for rcspe<t of their rights. However, we do not tolerate those nonindigenous organizations that want to capitalize on the 500 years campaign for politic:al purposes. They want to use indigenous proples without understanding and recogniz.. ing the nature of our struggles. We do not deny the struggle of other sectors of Abya Yala (continent, In the Kuna la. guage). On the n contra')', our continent will be free only when all sectors. .. arc free. However, there are attempts to undermine the u.nity among indigenous peoples by using us when we arc in the limelight. and simultaneously giving priority to other struggles. I believe that 1992 should not be seen as the end of the indigenous struggle.lnstead, we must realize that our struggle will continue beyond 1992, until there is recognition of all of our rights of self-determination for our territ<>ries. This must be understood by those popular groups who support us. They should not see in the struggle of indigenous prople, the opportunity to achieve their own aspirations. We are in solidarity with them, and we thank them for their solidarity. And we recognize that there are divisionsamongst indigenous proples, but in spite of all of these, 1992 should be a year for monumental unity, in order to challenge our enemies. Our Mother Earth is being beaten. and her children should be united to defend her. In Panama we have a 500 Years National Commit• tee composed of indigenous and non·indigenous groups. The indigenous proples include the Kuna, Guayrnie, and Embera. We want the Committee to be composed not solely of prople from the capital and big dties, but rather prople from the communities of our regions. We are proposing a National Gathering to deal with many issues, including that of greater unity in order to defend our rights and demands to the national government. I would like to call on all of our brothers and sisters of the continent to keep our fists high- together we will advance along a path of unity and liberation of our proples. SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Kuna Speak about 500 Year of Resistance Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title The Kuna Speak about 500 Year of Resistance Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 26 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note remembering 500 years of Indigenous struggle Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p026.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] 500 years of resistance Kuna Panama https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/369d2453de1e813c0fcc99a8b86bd68b.pdf 8b468604d09d39d4401d9172cfdc8d2a PDF Text Text DA U G H TE R S OF ABYA YA L A Bolivia, a mining country, hosting Women and Mining Conference in 2000 In January 1997, women from all over the world involved in mining met in Baguio City, Philippines for the First International Women and Mining Conference. Women, particularly Indigenous women, have long been uniquely affected by and involved in the mining that goes on in their countries. With the expan~on of large scale mining and its inevitable dependence on the global market, women have been faced with changes to the organization of their societies, their economic systems, their interpersonal relationships, their natural environments as well as the health of themselves and their children. Despite their hardships and sacrifices, Indigenous women have often been invisible in the mining world. In many countries local women's groups and community organizations formed to confront the reality of the effects of mining on their cultures and the environment and to come up with ways to reverse the negative effect that mining had on their lives at the individual. familial and community level. These organizations began to see more and more the need to interact with other like-minded organizations at a regional and international level. The NGO, Minewatch (England) was instrumental in forming an international network of women mine workers to coordinate with one another and share information. Minewatch, together with the Women Workers Program, organized and hosted the First International Women and Mining Conference in the Philippines, the first of its kind. Representing their organizations, unions and Indigenous communities, women from Latin America, Africa, Asia, the Pacific and North America shared their experiences of multinational mining and discussed ways to resist its threats to their lives and communities. The delegates developed strategies for collaborating and supporting each other. Respondin9 to the urgency of their needs, the delegates decided to organize reg<onal events after the Conference and to strengthen their existing networks. Plans are now under way for the Second International Women and Mining Conference to be hosted by CEPROMIN (Centro de Promocion Minera) in Bolivia in 2000. The organization hopes to bring 50 delegates representing all of the continents. The objectives of the Second International Conference are: to discover the shared and the particular situation and specific problems of the women in mining zones around the world, to facilitate the exchange of ipformation concerning the impact of rl)inlng:'and. to denounce Human rights-violations, both territorial and culture. <IS well as the ecological disasters and health ramifications of mining activities. Other goals are to utilize the shared creativity of all those present to come Opwith tactics to improve the conditions of life in mining z'ones, and to establish links between organizations and bet)'lleen the countries to work on common issues and 10 negotiate before the pertinent organizations at the governmental and international levels. The themes of the Second International Conference On Women and Mining will be those issues of central concern to the women and their organizations. T~ese concern~relate to the changes at the global level in regard to mining exploitation,...the infor111al and invisible work of women mineworkers (related to the global tendency to informalize and undeNalue the c0ntributions of women's work, following the model of domestic labor), the conditions of life, health and education, a'nd the effeczts of the expan~on of mining into new areas and its real impact on the ecosystem and lhe culture). Bolivie, the si e of the upcoming conference, is a country with a long history of mining. Its inhabitants have seen first ~a~d lhe ext(aordioa<y impact of mining on the politics, environment and socio-economic dynamic of this country. The organizations <n Bolivia have fought for decades for their survival, their rights and their dignity despite the massacres and militarization of their communities. CEPROMIN has extensive documentation of the severe health effects of mining on Indigenous women in Bolivia.Native women miners suffer respitory illnesses, skin diseases. muscular afflictions and die young from the compounded polluting effects of life in the mines. lnfomtalion from CEPROMIN, Mujeres y Minerla Hacia la Segunda CotiferenGia lnttrnacional For more information: CEPROMIN (ttl) 00591-2 35 94 02 (/ax) 00591-2 37 39 83 (e-mail) cepromin@caoba.tnttlnttbo GOntaCf Vol. 11 No. 1 23 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia, a mining country, hosting Women and Mining conference in 2000 Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Bolivia, a mining country, hosting Women and Mining conference in 2000 Item Type Journal Article Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 23 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1998 Language English Abstract Note Women from all over the world participated in the First International Women and Mining Conference, bringing their struggles and hardships forward in an area where they are largely invisible and underrepresented. Attachment Title Bolivia_A_Mining_Country_hosting_Women_and_Mining_Confrence_in 2000.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia mining Women https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/479696a2773ea32678938b13f3a09ad0.pdf 7647e0e0551d6b7a6199a55b5fe29b47 PDF Text Text AN URGENT PLEA FROM THE SURUi (Brazil) The Surul Indian people of Rond6nia, conflicts and marry aiSU41/Us among both colonists and Indians, we sucatded in expelling the colonists from our resm>es without represented by the Metareili Organization of the Surul lndigmous People, sent SAJJC the following comuniqu~ to publicize their current situation. govmrmental support. Weare... located at ki/Qmeter 50 in the municipality of Cacoal and live on our traditional lands in six villages. Our population is esli11U1ted to be 511 and we/rave been in coniACI with the national sodety for over 20 ytt~rsand have adApted marryofthecustoms of thissodety. The majority of us wtar western clothes, know the value of mmuy, and 1!111 foods that are different from our traditional did. In 1978, the Suruf lands were invaded by colonists. After marry CurrenJiy, weare collt%med about S«Urity. The Surufs of Rond6nia are suffering marry thrl!llts and tvtn murders. Rtctnlly a Suruf Indian was killed by gunmen hired by ranchers who had invaded the indigenous rescve of the Zor6Indians (The Surufs allied themselves with the Zor61ndians in order to expel the colonizing ranchers). The Surufs of Rondonia have suffered much persecution at the hands of the ranchers, politicians and policeoftheMunici· polity of Caecal. The government has not taken a single measure regarding these persecutions. Ml!llnwhile, the Surufs live with dangerandanxidy,ftrJring moremasstU:Ttsas long as there is no justice. Jm 'rrrrW....-~~. Suicides Plague the Guarani-Kaiowa (Brazil) Suidde, almost unheard of among Indians in the past, Is a disturbing new phenomenon among the Guarani-Kaiowa people in Brazil's western state of Mato Grosso do Sui. Early this year Maura Ramirez, a 15 yearold, hung herself from a tree on the reservation. Her sister, Helena, one year older, had done the same a few months earlier. Since last year, 25 Guarani-Kaiowa have committed suidde and 37 others have attempted it according to statistics from FUNAI (the government's National indian Institute). Anthropologists blame this on the loss of land and OJitural identity in the face of an invasion by ranche!s and farmetS. More than half of the traditional lands claimed by the Guarani-Kaiowas have been settled by outsiders. "What we are seeing is a 01lture in agony, pleading for help/ said anthropologist Maria Aparecida de Costa Pereira, who recently completed a study of the tribe. Violence and disease have dedmated Indian people since Pedro Alvares Cabral and the Portuguese arrived In Brazil in the 16th century. A native population estimated at 5 million in 1500 has been reduced to 220,000 today. The 7200 Guarani-Kaiowa who live on an 8,000 acre reservation have been experiencing increasing pressures In the past few years. Currently the land they have is not enough to sustain their subsistenoe farming. Judges are hostile to indigmousclaims, and readily accept white landowners' property deeds, which are often obtained fraudulcnUy. Ambrosio, a Guarani-Kaiowa leader asks: "What documents do they want from us beyond our nesh and blood? We were born here, as were our mothers, 24 fathers and grandparents, who are buried on this land." The current situation makes the young men leave In search of work as migrant farmers, to cut sugar cane for one of the alcohol distilleries that dot the region, or to migrate to the cities. Sin<:e eligible mates are scarce many Guarani-Kaiowa young women seek work in Dourados, a city of 80,000 near the reservation. Many of them work as maids or prostitutes, only to be rejected after returning to their people. Many of those who have committed suidde did so shortly aftes- returning to the reservation from outside work- or while drunk. Some Guarani-Kaiowa are abandoning traditional faiths and joining Pentecostal sects in the area. Eduardo Leao, an offidai with the Roman Catholic-linl<ed Indig· enous Missionary Council (CJMI), claims that the GuaraniKaiowa believe that they will go to their father's house after they die, where they will be able to live in the traditional manner. "So suicide is not a negation of life but a way of prolonging it." FUNAI officials say they cannot legally set aside more land for the Guarani-Kaiowa, but leao criticizes the government for ignoring the constitutional guarantees of protection for indigmous lands and cultures. "Defending the tribe doesn't require anything extraordinary, but simply obeying the law.lf the federal government doesn't do something soon, theGuarani-Kaiowa are going to disappear." Soomot: S.• Frvr<isa> ~.by KDt Silomi<Vc SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Urgent Plea from the Surui Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title An Urgent Plea from the Surui Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 24 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note The Surui ask for help with security. Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p024.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil rondonia Surui https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/2c6874b314ce1c02f454d588c0feff62.pdf 5e46ac46768096987ebd3e76d13fc254 PDF Text Text IN BRIEF citing plans for construction of two trans-Andean gas Armando Antonio Ptrez, two members of AN IS. The Perez pipelines importing natural gas from Argentina. and the brothers appealed to the Supreme Coun of justice. but to no planned construction of new gas· fired powerplants. The US. avail; the coun ruled to have them expelled from the com· based Natuml Resources Defense Council rettntly conclud· munity. ed a Study demonStrating that improvement of energy deliv· Presently. a warrant is out for the arreSt of Don Adrian cry SyStems m Chile would make Ralco unnecessary. Esquino. president ANIS. on the grounds that he has Stolen The lnternauonal Commission on J..arge Dams is an Org;t· land and murdered. On May 3. an explosion tore through the nization of engineers from 79 countries which promotes con· house of the Esquino family. but caused only structural dam· struction of dams throughout the world. Founded in 1928. age. Faced with this situation. Esqulno is urging human it is headquartered in Paris, France. rights organizations to pressure the Salvadoran state to protect the rights of Indigenous communities under fire. Information from: lntemarfonal Rivus Networl1 (IRN), 1817 Berllelcy Wily. Bcrlwley, Califomia 94703 USA; Tel: (+510) 818· Colombia: Another Zenu Leader Killed 1155: Fax: (+510) 8'18-1008; email: im@igc.al'(.O~ Lummi Indian Nation, 2616 Kwlna Road, Bellingham, \\whington 98226. USA: efore the very eyes of Indigenous and national authoriTel: (+360) 38'1·2288; Fax; (+360) 738-8863 ties, one by one the members of the San i\ndrts de Sotavento Resguardo (Indian reserve). are being killed. At 1:30pm on Sunday, August 18. on the site known as El Salvador: Deputies Threaten Indigenous La Arena (Olrdoba State), two armed men on a black motor· Organization, Target Community bike assassinated the Indigenous leader of the town council he deputies Renato Ptrez. Adolfo Varela. and acU\151 m and mayoral ex-candidate of the town of San Andrts. Albeno the rightiSI ARENA political pany jorge Rufz are present· Cheito Malo Alean. ly attempttng to evict the Indigenous residents of the J..as The Zenu leader was 38 years old. mamed. and had two Hojas county of the San Antonio del Monte Sonsonate juris· children. By profession, he was a civil engineer. lie was the diction. Ptrez. Varela, and Rufz accuse the leaders of the brother of Htctor Malo Vergara. Cacique (chicO of the San National Sah'3domn Indigenous Organization (ANIS) of Andrts de Sotavento Resguardo. who was assassinated on being land thieves and murderers. March 26, 1994, along with three other Indigenous persons. Through the Ministry of Agriculture and Ranching. the This year 12 Zenu leaders have been killed. plaintiffs presented their accusations against the members of The Zenu of the San Andrts de Sotavento protested the AN IS before the tribunals of Sonsonate. They arc accused of lack of any meeting \vith representatives of the state in search violating the agricultuml norms of the country. At this point of solutions to this crisis of civil order. Their attempts have 10 members of AN IS were summoned to appear before the so far yielded nothing. Sonsonate courts to present their testimony regarding this The Cacique Rosenburg Clemente confirmed that the situation. according to the president of AN IS, Fermin Garcia Indigenous people are scared because they don' know who woll be next or when. Guardado. Several lndogcnous nations inhabit J..as Hojas count)'. He added that the massacres ha,·e contmued unabated. mcludmg Nahuats, l.A:nkas. and Mayas. This regoon was aoded by the indifference of the authonues. This comes after acquored by ANIS on 1978 as a safe region in whoch to work those same authorities had promised on a recent meeting in with the communities. They organized cooperatl\'es and are Manillo to establish a vigilante SyStem and to assure peace working communally. In this same spot. 74 Indigenous peo· and autonomy in the Resguardo. pie were massacred in 1983 by the $ah'3doran army. It The International Brotherhood of Human Rights has proremains today a s.1cred place for them and they ask that it be posed the creation of a human rights commission in the area. respected . The Church in turn has suggested that a Reconciliation Since january a number of violent actions have been Commission be set up in conjunction with international directed at the Indigenous people of the region. such as on observers. Nothing has come of any of this. however. january 27 when unknown masked individuals entered the The Cacique requested that impunity be stopped and that community at midnight and nred bullets on the house of the the results or the inveStigations or the murders under way be spiritual leader and Indigenous leaders connected to ANI$. made public. At the same time they threatened to repeat the bloodshed of He also denounced the fact that there arc heavily armed I 983. At that time Amnesty International had led a camp.1ign mercenaries in the majority of the ranches existing in the of informing human rights organizations to pressure the region of the San Andrts de Sotavento Resguardo in Olrdoba Salvadoran Slate to inforcc jUStice. and Sucre. On the 12 of March, the national police ransacked the office of ANIS and detained Rafael Anuro Ptrez and lnformatwn from El Tiempo, Bogot4 B T Vol. 10No. 2 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colombia: Another Zenu Leader Killed Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1996 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Colombia: Another Zenu Leader Killed Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 5 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1996 Language English Abstract Note This article details the ever growing issue of indigenous leaders being assassinated. Attachment Title Colombia_in_brief.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Colombia Indigenous Leader https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/502c3dd3e60a270f238058cbacf10838.pdf 7df127902fa004d8088d5391b079952d PDF Text Text S E L F DETERM I NATION & TER RITORY A~t~~w~ Alberto A BILINGUAL INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION IN ECUADOR A long·standing objective of Indigenous organizations is to rcju\'tnatc and preserve local culture. Fonunately, there is an increasing mo\'emem towards bilingual imercuhural education which aims to promote and develop Indigenous Ian· guages and cultures and make them part of the national culture in their respective coumrics. Born of this movement arc a number of dfons in Ecuador attempting to del'clop the country$ Indigenous education through new pedagogical techniques suit· able to the l3 Indigenous peoples. This project has a considerable histOry developing outside of any official protocol . bm it has recently gained official s.:uus as the Jmcrcuhural Bilingual Education Initiative. cl Proyecto de Educaci6n Intercultural Bilingue (EIB). In the fifties, the SIL (Summer Institute of Linguistics) and the Andean Mission developed projects involving Indigenous education . However. the 30 principal objective or these i>rojects was to proselytize the Indians. By lhe 19605, under the direction of Mr. Leonidas Proano, bilingual education was by Ecuadors Public addressed Educational Radio Program which had audiences imo the Sierra. In the sevemies the Shuar System of Radio Education (SERBISH) was implemented in other Indigenous schools in the Bolivar. Cotopa.,.i and Na1>0 provinces. The exl)eriences gleaned from these predr<:essors made way for the creation of a fonnal Indigenous educational pro· gram. The huercuhural Bilingual Education Initiative, was established in 1986 with the signing of a contr'3Cl between GTZ of Germany and the Ecuadorian Government. They elaborat· cd a tentative curriculum, didactic mate· rials in Quichua for primary schools, and designed programs providing training and support to rural organizations for the purpose or educational and cultural promotion. The following is an interview we con· ducted with the director or the National office of Bilingual Intercultural Education. (Oirccdon National de educa· cion 11ucrcuhurnl Bilingue·DINEIB), Alberto Andrnngo. Mr. Andrnngo is a Quichtc1 and has had considerable experience ''-'Orking in the Oeld of education. He also ..vas the vicc·prtsidcm of what is now the National Federation of Indigenous and Black Workers o f Ect"'dor (FENOCIN). In what year was the OINEIB created ? \ Vh y was it necessary to create the OINEIB? \Vhat a re some other confed· er.u ions and orga_ izations that partie· n ipatc in and contriburc to the politica l activities and adminis tration o f lite OINEIB? f-low is the OlNEIB Slruc· turcd ? The OINEIB was created in November of 1988, but local. regional, provincial and national Indigenous organizations had been demanding its fonnation for years. In 1988, CONAIE (Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador) played a very imponam role by launching a proposal for the education or Indigenous peoples. It was a propos.1l gcner.ucd by Indigenous and non· Indigenous professors and educational specialists blll was strictly tied to plans made for the enhancement or the Indigenous nations in Ecuador. An agn::e· ment was made between the Minister of Ct>lturc and Education and CONAIE to ilnplcmcm the OINEIB according to local dire<:th·es concerning bilingual intercul· tural education. Long before DINEIB, organizations, principally the FENOCIN and also the ECUARUNARI (affiliated with the CONAl E), had continuously Struggled to A'(y.fa Yala News �S E L F DETERMINATION & TERR ITO RY make the government recognize the Two of the tnOSI significant goals of Bilingual Jmercultuml Education move. the Indigenous m ove ment have been ment (EIB). For example. l remember to encourage muhicuhura1isnl and between 1981 and 1982. prior to the participatory d emocracy. In what existence o£ the CONAIE and the sense is the OINEIB a realization o f OINEIB. there was an massive national these goals? march calling for the recog· " ... WE HAVE TO The OINEIB is a state instilu· nition o£ 1he El6 by 1he government of jaime Roldos tion. but we are also an insti· DEVELOP OUR Aguilera. At this time. there tution of the Indigenous com· was a conStam demand for munities of Ecuador. For this IDENTITY, PRErecognhion from every orgareason. the DINEIB is subject nization. This also helped to SERVE OUR LAN - to the comrol, support and precipitate the creation or 1he GUAGE IN ORDER the direction given by the national orftce. Local and TO BETIER CON- Indigenous nations. As a for· regional ex1>eriences were mal state institution we are FRONT OTHER administratively. financially compiled and used to create an all-encompassing propos· and technically decemralizcd. CULTURES" al presented to and recogTherefore, we are dependent nized by the government. By on the directives generated by the time Rodrigo Borja 1ook office 1hc all of the individuals working within the national Bilingual lntercuhuml Education DINEIB. The OINEIB is a conglomerate program was institutionalized in of individuals, Indigenous for the most part but also non-Indigenous, 1hat partie· Ecuador. ipate on be hal£ or all the national organi- conuibutc tO the operations or their bilingual education program. by organizing a budget. infrastructure. teaching tllaterials and any other fonn or support ncccss.1ry to the realization o£ 1he El6. Once the DINE18 was formed, the rest of the Indigenous and Campesino organizations, like the FEINE (Federation o£ Evangelical Indians). FENOC (Federation o£ Campcsinos). FENACLE (Federation o£ Free Campesinos) and FEI (Federation of Ecuadorian Indians), came to panicip3te: at first they were suspi· cious but eventually they evolved suffi· ciem trust w panicipate within all levels o£ the EIB. I believe the EIB has actually facilitated a dialogue among our national organizations; a dialogue that concerns not only crucial issues put £onh by the EIB. bm also other issues conceming thtse organizations. The organizations 1 mentioned have supported this process. some with considerable fortitude and dedication and others with somewhat ltss. But by all means these six major participants have significamly contributed to the developmem o£ the EIB. l believe another accomplishment of 1he DINEIB is institutional decentrali%3tion. We have attained a degree of autonomy that enable,s us to advance obje<:tives o£ 1he EIB. This decentralization also allows us to select our own candidates for administrative positions. The only remaining power of the cemral goven\mem is to give legitimate title to the candidate elected by Indigenous organiza· tions. Othcnvise, the electoral process occurs in the selection of provincial directors. They are elected by local organizations following a public debate. This election system is unique. distinct from the tradition or appointments dictated by the minisny and government which are <:ommonplace i1\ other state ii\Stitutions. zations previously mentioned. In this way DINEIB recognizes the objectives or each or these diverse organizations. As for the conununitics. is th ere a way in which families or local groups a re able to participate in II\C Bilingual Intercultural Education system? There arc local Educational Advisory Councils (CEC) that have been established in some provinces and some communities. Through these community councils, locaiJ>eoples are able to participate directly in the bilingual imercuhural education effons~ The local Educational Advisory Councils are comprised of delegates from parent's commit· tees and community organizations. stu· dent and teacher representatives, and delegates from other local instilutions. So. these boards are local and panici· patory by nature. They are obliged to Vol. 11 No. 1 \Vhat would you say are some of the successes of the DINEIB and some of its failures or shortcomings? One success or the program is that we have managed to bring together six major organizations in a convers..u ion concem· ing bilingual and intercultural education and have also generated a dialogue dealing with other imponam issue-s of the lndigenous·campesino movement in Ecuador. Previously, although these groups were ideologicall)• on the same pmh , they sparred often in the political arena. Wnh the EIB as a foundation, the-se groups are united ...while. of course. they continue to respect one another's diverse experiences and objectives. As to our educational model, we have been able to develop our own prototype without the intervention of the central government dictating this or that model. \Vc are creating materials for each of lite 31 �S E L f & DETERMINATION lnd1genous ruuons. and art able to dab· orate our own budget for tht Hems that W( ffqUII't \ Vh:u has been the atthudc toward the OINEJB o f dirrcrcnt administrn· tions over the years? Ba"'C they volun· tarily supported the OIN EIB or have they 1ricd to undermine rhc initiatives of Oiling u:ll lntcrcuhural Education? We hnvc clucOy had financial prob· lcms. The govcrnmcm does not allocate sufficient lunds to sustaul Bilingual edu· cauon. In the last year the go\'cmmcnt d1d not gl\'e us a smglc ccm to invest in Awo uon·the lack ol • "'lhngn<SS to suppon lnd1g<nous <duauon on the pan of the government 01 course Ecuador doesn\ have 3n cnonnous budget, but ne,·cn.htl<ss. the,.. ought to bt enough funds ava1lablt: so that we maght work somewhat normally dc\'clopmg the EIB. \Vh:u types o f l'rojccts :u c proposed for chc schools? \V'ith the EIB we do not want to work solely wuh clnldrcn and young people. \Ve also w;mt to CSt3blish development proJects.. . oonsidcnng the povcnr of our lnd1genous people. we need to right a.g.amst th1.s extreme povcny... to prepare mdwrduals for work, armmg them with the tools nee<5S.1r)' to bt producU\'C, so they nuy btnerit tht1r bmrhcs. thear commumues and the enure $OCtet)~ f>.) . S.ON& ~<u>ow So<or• 2. (),ocl; 8. }. 4. Quod-... 9. Tsxha O>Un 10 II. q,... s. our proJtClS. or to tram our profC'$SOrs and admmlSir:uors nor d1d we receive a smgle C('nt for tcachmg matenals for our variOUS lnd1gcnous communmes. Nor have they sup1>hcd us wllh the necessary tools or technology. Thts ts n con.s~<lernb l y serious problem for us. \\'e hn,•e been able to make a little pro&r<ss with the flnanc1al suppon of the GTZ o£ Gcnnany. but by no mea.ns does th1s suffice Is this lack o r S\1pport a rcs·ult or a shortage or rt":SOurccs '\\'ithin the go,·· t mmcnt or their unwillingness to help! T ERRITORY ~... "'*"-"' We would hke to strengthen our development prOJI!ClS for agricuhure. ammal husbandry. mechanks. C311J0ntry ttnd craft production. Some groups have begun to work on realizing these projects but they are limIted by a shortage of financial support. We need lunds for baste 1n:ucrials. tools. etc. the~r ch1ldrcn ltam QU1chua \Ve connn· ue to thmk that the whntlmtstazo. \Vcstcm world IS better and that our own lnd1g<OOUS SO<I<l)' 15 wonhless We have been mcukattd wuh thl$ atutudc pn:>hlbnmg the use of the lndtgenous lan· guages by ~hspamc professors Our own youth have bced thb when they htwe attended college and hJtve been prohibited from speak1ng lhetr nauve tongue. \Vc have expencnccd and endured the Spanish invaston that tncd to crush our cultures. We ha\'e suffered through colomalism that has tned to make us £eel ashamed of ourselves. Some r~umhcs contmuc to behcvc that our culture and trad1uons are Mthout "alue Loco.l and reg~onal orgamzauons n~-td to nuSt ptOpleS COr\SClcnccs, con,'ln« thtm othcrv.'lSt. that our cui· ture 1S cmmtntly wonh)' and we ha,·e to de"clop our tdcnuty, prescr"e our lan· guage m order to btttcr confront Other cultures Th1s way we wtll be well pre· pared for an)' snuauon T hen, it is still ncecss:,ry to combat colonialism? Cenninly. il is crucial that we erase this mcntnht)~ Vlc have 10 confront the lack of sell-esteem. We must foster self· wonh and coumcr lht low stlr.esteem which stall prrslStS m some of our com· lf::wc )'OU proposed that non·lndigcnous people learn mumuts an Indigenous language? IntroduCtiOn tO thas mtcrvacw was 13.k<n lrom a paper wnntn bv !>.1m1 Pll<o (Qu~<:hua) of the DINEIB '!I Indeed. m our U\SUtutes or b1hngu•l <duco.uon the,.. .,.. non·lndtgtnous children. students. professionals who would hkt to ltam an lnd•genous bng\aagc In Quno we are set· ung up n languJgc trammg program for the ch1ldrcn ol DINEIB employees. the children of d•rectors or nnuona1 organiza· tions :md :myone else who would like to learn. 'J!/c will bcgm the program with Quichua, then S1>amsh. and then English. Alkrto AMrrmgo. tloo "''""of rht Notionol ollie• of Malti<vhurol l i/ingONJI Uucotioo (OINE/1/;, o Q .. ui<b from (c..JO<. lA/1( lrltn~ t.Mrt AMolino who 60> lived ond worhd in ltvoHr inttrYitwed A!Hrto Androngo in 011ito for Abya Yo/a N HI h tvmntly 1Y11. wwking •• biJ Jissortot~• on tho po/ili<l ol tbt lndigtttO(If movtmMI In (cu~OI. las t year I had the OJ>J>Ortunily to visit a bilingual school in Lhc pro,--incc of hnbaburn. \Vc spoke with a teacher. who told us shc was worried that some parents did not wa nt their ch_l· i drcn to Jearn Quiehua in schooL \Vhat is being done 10 deal " 'hh 1his prob- lemr I b<h<'·e Ill$ mo,.. the absence of voli· 32 Some pa,..nts an: opposed to ha'"ng A~YalaNews � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interview With Alberto Andrango Bilingual Intercultural Education in Ecuador Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title An Interview With Alberto Andrango Bilingual Intercultural Education in Ecuador Item Type Journal Article Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 30-32 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1998 Language English Abstract Note There is an increasing movement towards bilingual intercultural education to help develop and preserve Indigenous language and culture. There have been many movements and organizations created to ensure this goal is reached, and much success and failure along the way. Attachment Title An_Interview_With_Alberto_Andrango_Bilingual_Intercultural_Educator_In_Ecuador.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bilingual Culture Language https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/42566495409f64efcde9c435aa417866.pdf 75f86207dfffced55bc91ecbba0e97e2 PDF Text Text UNI, CIMI AND OTHERS SIGN AGREEMENT TO COOPERATE (Brazil) July 21-24, the Federation of Indigenous Organizations of the Rio Negro held an Indigenous assembly in Silo Gabriel da Cachoeira, in Amazonas, Brazil. Ten indigenous organizations of the Rio Negro participated in the assembly, as well as Manoel Moura, director of Coordinating Group of Indigenous People of the Brazilian Amazon (COIAB), and Ailton Krenak, of the national office of the Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI}. The local and national indigenous leaders at the meeting signed a letter of agreement, with significant implications for the future of the indigenous movement in Brazil. A translation of the document follows. • • •• •• 1. Considering that this meeting of indigenous organizations of the Rio Negro, called by FOIRNthe Federation of Indigenous~~tionsof the Rio Negro - has broad participation of local leaders, throughout the directorates of the associa- tions; 2. Considering the presence of representatives of the directorate of COIAB (Coordinatil1g Group oflndigenous People of the Brazilian Amazon); 3. Considering the presence of representatives of the National Coordination of UNI (Union of Indigenous Nations), and the themes and proposals discussed at this meeting; • • We resolve: a) to sign this protoeol defining an agenda for work on three levels of organization; b) to prepare a common agenda to formulate a program for structuring the local, regional and national indigenous movement; c) to declare together a public conunitment, with all of the legally constituted indigenous organizations, associations, councils, etc., to define the form and date to convene the voting members of each organization for the definition of the model of national organization that we want, and its structu.r e and mandate; the indigenous struggle of the positive result of the meeting and the urgent necessity of having a civil orgarrizatiOn; e) to communicate with the groups that support the indigenous struggle, in order that they cease the dissidence that hinders the indigenous movement when they undertake parallel programs of a paternalistic, academic nature; f) that the indigenous organizations and support groups are responsible for national mobilization so that the Congress does not alter indigenous rights assured by the Constitution; being in agreement, all the indigenous organizations represented sign this protoeol. (signed by 34 indigenous leaders, representing the organizations listed below) UNI - Union of Indigenous Notions (Notional) COlAS - Coordinating Group of the Indigenous Organizations of Amazonia FOIRN - Federation of the Indigenous Organizations of the Rio Negro ACIRI - Association of the Indigenous Communities of the Rio leona ACITRUT - Association of the Indigenous Communities of • Tarawa, Rios Voupes and Tiquie UNIDI - Union of Indigenous Nations • • of the louorete District UCIDI - Union of the Indigenous Communilies of the louorete District UNIRT - Union of Indigenous Notions of the Rio Tiquie ACIBRN - Association of the Indigenous Communities of the Lower Rio Negro AINBAL - Boloio Indigenous Auociotion ACIRNE- Association of the Indigenous Communities of the Rio Negro AMITRUT -Association of Indigenous Women of Torouoco, Rios Voupes and Tiquie ARCINE - Rural Association of Indigenous Communities of the Rio Negro In agreement with item d), the support groups listed below sign: CEDI - Ecumenical Center lor Documentation and Information NDI - Nucleus of Indigenous Rights CIMI - Indigenous Missionary Council d) to inform all our grassroots supporters through the channels of communication of the groups that support Vol 6 Nos 1&2 23 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UNI, CIMI, and Others Sign Agreement to Cooperate Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title UNI, CIMI, and Others Sign Agreement to Cooperate Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 23 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous organizations agree to work together for a common goal. Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p023.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Brazil CIMI UNI https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/ccf107e5fa793d6a8cb2ab42e0bec9c0.pdf ac8d5662e6a1040d2808b01001d7db76 PDF Text Text CONFRONTING CULTURAL EXTINCTION "We call the colonists ahatai which is like our words for 'spirit of the dead'(ahat) and for 'the devii'(Ahataj). When they first arrived (in 1902-3) their foods were unfamiliar to us. Our grandparents were afra1d of the flour the ahatai gave them, thinking it might be poisonous. So they left it boiling on the fire, afraid that they would die if they ate it. Then one old woman said to her children, 'I am old and haven't long to live, so I'll try it. If I die from it, you'll know not to eat it.' And so we learnt to eat ahatai foods. " tanding waist-deep in the muddy water, holding nets strung between two poles, the Wichi fl.sherman detects the fish by noting movements in the river's surface. Plunging the net over the fish and swinging downward. the catch is enveloped in the trap. Swiftly and with minimal impact on the aquat- S ic environment, a natural resource ~:~keover of their land by outsiders. What was once a fenile grassland dot· ted with bushes and trees has become a dry. sandy desert, and with the shimmering chest-high grasses have gone many of the animals the Wichi used to hunt. Today, although numerically the Wichi are not in danger of disappear· ing. their traditional way of lire is van· ishing as the outside world slowly clos- yields a nutritious meal. The fisherman$ es in. In response, the Wichi are orgaserenily. however, belies the deepening nizing and trying desperately to secure crisis faced by the \Vichi people: For 90 their land. The occupation of the Wichi pcO· years. the)' have endt.red the gradual 10 pie's land aucsts to an Argentinian version of "ManifeSt Destiny: the guiding ideology behind the colonization or the North American \Vest Since the arrival of europeans, but particularly since the tum of the century, the Wichi have suf. fered continuous harassment. inter~ spersed with serious bouts of violence in which large numbers of 1ndigenous people were killed. Along with disease, the well-armed scnlcrs introduced herds of caule, which de'"'Stated the fragile arid landscape. Today, the Wichi are still fair!)' Abya Yala News �CONFRONTING numerous. Estimates range from 20.000 to 50.000 Wich! living in south· eastern Bolivia and northern Argentina. in a semi·arid region known as the Chaco. Wich! villages ha,·e their own territory, but often six or se"en villages will share the use of the overlapping areas. Each community usually consists of one or more dans. People belong to their mothers' clans: in matrilocal Wich! CULTURAL Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) to single out efforts to combat desertification as a top priority. For the \:Vichf, desenification trans· lates into starvation: starvation because their traditional sources of food are disappearing. ln the winter they depend on fish from the Pilcomayo river and in the summer on vegetables grown in relationship with their surroundings. their gardens on what little land they have left. All too often, the settlers' cattle trample the gardens. undaunted by the Wichrs fences of thorn bushes. The \vild fruits and berries they used to Their small houses of mud. branches and leafy boughs are well adapted to the gather and the animals they used to hunt are gone. Now. even the scorching temperatures that reach 50° C in the shade in sum1ner. During the dry wimer momhs they depend on fish Pilcomayo river is threatened by the Hidrovfa development project (see below). from the Pilcom3yo River. In the wet summers. they cultivate corn , water· melons, bear"s and pumpkins grown in their gardens. which they encircle \\fith U state government of Salta province society. men move to their wife's village upon marrying. The Wich! people live in an intimate thorny branches to try to prevent the settlers' cattle from invading. They hum deer, amtadillo, peccary and iguana, and search for wild honey throughout the year. Members of some of the neigh· boring peoples-the lyojwaja, Nivaklt, Qomlec and Tapy'y-often live amongst the \· ichf, sometimes marrying into V nderlying all these problems is the EXTINCTION In 1987. the provincial government passed a new law that recognized the se11lers as having legal rights to the land. and proposed to give each se11ler. as well as each of the 30 Wichf communities in the area. title tO a small parcel of land. By this time, the se11lers had established themselves on the most fertile areas of land, and the Wich! knew that such an action would split up the region into hundreds of pieces, jeopardizing their access to much of the land. This would not onl)• be intolerable but was also illegal under international and Argentinian law. In 1991 the Indians. working with Survival International. an NGO based in England. prepared a land claim repon that demonstrated that at least 162,000 acres spread over the two State Plots traditionally belonged to them. L1ter that year, the provincial Governor signed a decree (No. 2609/91) recog- and its continuing refusal to grant the nizing that the area was indeed \Vichf title to their territory. In the area Indigenous land, and pledging to recognize this in law. The succeeding Salta under dispute. known as State Plots 55 and 14, which comprise about 138,000 and I 86.000 acres, respectively, live about 5,000 Wichf. along with a few small communities of Chorote, Toba government failed to take any decisive action, and allowed the situation to deteriorate dramatically. Shortly before leaving office at the end of last year, the and Chulup! peoples. same government presented a draft their society. W known periods of hunger. never hile the Wich! have always has life been as hard as it is today. with most of the animals gone, and their emoronmem drastically desenified-a s.'ndy desert where a grassland ecosys- tem once thrived. According to UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme), 'desertification' is not the spread of deserts but the creation of desert-like conditions in the dry lands, which make up 35 per cent of the Earth's land surface. It is a -- - phenomenon which it estimates may threaten the livelihood of one billion people worldwide. including the Wichl. In November 1995. a coalition of donors, governments. NGOs and grassroots groups met in a two-day confer- ence convened by the UN International Vol. 10 No. 2 Wichl fisherman on the Pilcomayo rivet. 11 �C O N~ ~~N T I ~~~ U l T U R A ~--~ X_T I~ ~~_O N --------------------------~~~ F~R O ~~~N G C l E~ ~ N_C T I ~~ be channeled. straightened, and dredged, with tributaries of the river blocked off and rock outcroppings in the channel detonated. The Pantanal, the world's largest wetland, figures among the 93 sites needing dredging. For the Indigenous peoples depen· dent on the rivers targeted by Hidrovfa, which includes the Wichl, the environ· mental impacts could be devastating. worsening their already precarious li\r. ing conditions. (See article page 30) n 1990, Wichf chose course of They contacted Survival I action . therequesting the ahelp of two International, Wicht men enjoy roasted fish on a honey collecting trip. land bill to the provincial parliament thm is completely against the interests of the Indians and, if approved, would dcpri\'e them of huge traCtS of their ter· free-market system. the Argentinian government undertook a regional development plan linking Paraguay ritory. mately, Chile with Brazil and the Pacific with the Atlantic. This 'dcveloptnem' process means that Indigenous peoples will be gradually pushed out. and that the connicts over land will intensify. Without the slightest consultation of the Wichf, a bridge is currently being built across the Pilcomayo River (which forms the border between Argentina and Paraguay) beside an Indian village called Nop'ok ·wet (La Paz). The \Vichl were told that their village is scheduled to be replaced by a frontier town. ln. addition, the government plans to construct a major highway that would cut through Wichl territory to link this town ' vith Tartagal. As a result of the general disintegration of the environment. the non· Indian criollos arc also becoming poorer. But in a desperate attempt to salvage a living. they are increasingly preventing the Indians from using the few remaining fertile areas. Men are barred from hunting (sometimes at gunpoint), women gathering wild fruits are threatened, and in some cases the Indians have even been denied access to muchneeded water holes. The criollos' cattle, no longer having grass to feed on. invade the Indians' vegetable gardens. often destroying a whole crop overnight. "They threaten us s.1ying. 'Indian, don't come around here. I own this land and 1 don't like Indians on it. If you want to hunt here, you must ask for my permission - or I'll kill you.' ...They don't own those resources. The things that we Wichf live on do not belong to anyone. They belong to God; a Wichf man was quoted saying in a 1994 report by Survival International. nder pressure to integrate its econ- U 12 omy into the emerging Mercosur with nonhwestern Argentina and. ulti~ The massive Paraguay·Param1 Hidrovfa industrial waterway project is anthropologists they trusted. They reasoned that the government might revoke the law if it could be shown that the whole area was Wichlland, and had been so for hundreds of years. They wanted the government to recognize their land rights and remove the settlers. They decided to carry out a census of all the Wichi in the region: to make a map of every village; to record an oral histo· ry of life on their lands before and after colonization; and most importantly, to compile one large map or the entire region. sho,ving all the places used and named by the Wichl. This would pro- vide irrefutable evidence of their inti· mate knowledge of the land. O n August 7, 1991, the report and map were formally presented to the provincial governor. Later that year. only hours before he left office, he signed a decree recognizing the Wichls ownership of the land. and confirming that they should be awarded a single. communal title to the entire area. As a result of the project the Wichf decided to form an organization also part of that plan. The project is headed by the five governments of the La Plata basin. It would require widen· ing and deepening the channels of the through which they could be represent· cials. They called it Thaka Honat (Our Land). Now. every village sends repre· Paraguay and Paran<\ rivers, Somh scn.uuives to its meetings. cd in meetings with government offi· 1l America~ second largest water system, to allow ocean-going ships access to the port of Oiceres. Brazil, 2,100 miles upstream from the ri,·er's mouth . Under the plan being studied, the rivers would Despite the existence of the Decree, the \Vid1t ha\'t still nor rectived title 10 rlleir Continued on page 31 Abya Yala News �ENVIRONMENT and integrity of ecosystems must be recuperated, especially in degraded needs of local populations and not external interests. Respecting this crite· areas of critical importance for the ria, all initiative must have as its origin structural restoration of hydrological and finality the needs and interests of systems. Proposed actions such as per- local communities. Even so. ils implemanent dredging and the conStruction mentation must adapt ilself to natural of dams for water regulation or for sed- conditions, avoiding negative social iment retention do not constitute solu- and environmental impacts. The govtions, but rather threats. They do I\Ot ernmental project for the Paraguaylook at the true causes of problems of Paron~ industrial waterway does not sedimentation of river beds and deteri- respond to either of these criteria. This oration of hydrological systems, but project, designed behind the back of rather the maintenance or the predatO· populations of the region, will not ry system which only seeks economic bring any benefits nor solutions for the benefits for large corporations, while needs of the peoples of the Basin, but financial and environmental costs are rather will increase even more their paid by populations and by nature. problems. generating greater impacts The infrastructure to be implanted and increasing social and environmenin the region must be in function of the tal costs, ""'ny of them irreversible. The existing resources destined for mega-projects promoted by, interllational financial institutions and entities of cooperation must be re-directed toward the tn•e needs of local populations, moving away from their current orientation to promote unsustainable projects which only benefit those small groups in whose hands ~wer and resources are concentrated. '1t From dtt curves of the Paragt,ay River. july 27, 1996 For more information: Glenn Swithes, Dircccor of the lAtin America Progmm at Ihe International Rivers Neiwoth, 1847 IJtrheley IVa)j B<rkeley, CA, 94703; Tel: 510/848·1 155; Fax: 5J0/8i8-J008 us Argentineans, they don't respect us. They cd to p<acefully takeover tl~t lands arcnmd don't recogni<e this latJd as ours. They play the bridge on lite 25 of August. \Ve will occu· land. Jn 1994, d~ey made their first trip Old- around, saying '"\Vait jusr a liule bit more... py the laml uruil the: g<wernmeru of Salta side their land to spcah at the United Bur whllt we walt, they ntO\'t ahead with give,.'$ a concrer.: n.ospon.se in regards to our Narions about dttir plight. In conrimradon. their projws: They seule Oltr latJd, lay down requests. This is an act of hop<. wt ttptoduet the latest attempt by the \Vicl1l their roads, d1eir lxlrb·wi~ ftnccs, aml dteir to secure rheir territory. towns. And rtOw thc:y a~ lmilding a bridge in IVe ash that you collaborate, by sending peo· La Paz and they that we have to paGh up and plt who belit\'t in our cause to accompany us For the Titling of Our Land: T<•keover of the gil't them space. and assure: that there be no acts of violence lnttnlational Bridge Over the Pilcomayo against our families. River (l.a Pav \V are 1101 animals n.mning loose. \Ve are e not dogs to be driven away at the whims of E\·trl aftet d1e taheo"e'; you can support our Many years have passed sinGe we requested their owner. \Ve are the flowers of the Earth, cause by sending leuers to: the go\'trnmtnt of Salta province, Argentirta, platJted by God Himself 10 and duive in to officially gmnt ItS title to the land that we these lands. Sr. Gobemador de Ia Provincia de Salta, D.& ha\·e always irdtabited. \Ve have stru ltlltrs. juan Carlos Pomero, Casa de Gobietno, Meetir1gs take place. new laws and decrees \Ve have asked the autJ1oritles to suurc: the Gra.n urg 4400, Salta, Argentina are passed, ar1d yet more topographic stud. titles 10 thestlatJdS befort: undertaking these ies... \Ve are nqw irt the fourth administra· large projeCts in rht places when: we live. Sr. Prcsideme de Ia RepUbliGa Argentina, Dr. tion. Yet they ha"e not rtSl){)ndcd to our These are fiscal lands and the Ia"~ therefore Carlos S. Mencm, Casa Rosada, Capital demands. Years pass and our lands become recognize our right of OW>ltrslt!p. Amlds1 all Federal, Argentina; Fax: 54 J 343 2249 or impoverislted, btt"m'se the people 'vho have this tall: of Mercosur. we see a more secure 54 1331 7976 come from the outside to occupy dtem Know future simply in the ownersltip of out land. not how to manage them. Years pass and we Asociaci6n de Comunidades Aborlge,les btcome poorer. Faced with no response and the upcoming Lahlta Honhat, San luis, Sta. Victoria Este, inauguration of the bridge, dtt 35 communi· Rh·adavla B. Norte, CP i58J, Pcia. Salta, Even thougl1 we lzm•e official papers making ties belonging to our QSSO(iation ha\'t decid· A~entina Continued from page 1!2 li•·• Voi.10No. 2 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Whichi: Fighting for Survival in Argentina Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1996 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Whichi: Fighting for Survival in Argentina Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 10-12, 31 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1996 Language English Abstract Note The Wichi people of Argentina are under constant threat of land takeover, thus instituting cultural upheaval. This article depicts the organizing of the Wichi, in their attempt to secure their land and culture. Attachment Title Wichi.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Argentina Cultural Extinction Wichi https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/99435649324af3e5b2e7dff9ada49a9d.pdf 90d2dfba11ba826e7e26db6ed39336fb PDF Text Text Brazilian Army Recruits Yanomami Indians Several Yanouwni Indians are "serving" in the Brazilian Army at the Maturaca poet. located in the Slate of Amazonas. The one-year enlistment oi the Yanomami is part oi a strategy by the Brazilian Armed ~ to "integrate" indigenous populations into the "national community." The military rommandf!IS' Sbategy is based on the idees oi •national sovereignty" and "national security.• They rear that Indian groupe will form their own nation inside the Brazilian territory. ln July, Roraima governor and former brigadier general Ottomar de Souza Pinto, rompared the Yanomami situation to the Kurds in inlq. The relationship between the Yanomami and the military in the Maturaca region is similar to that oi the Yanomami and the gold-miners. The anny wants to Increase its presence in Maturaca. That is why soldiers are building an UJegal road between the city oi Sio Gabriel da Cachoeira and the post in Maturaca. Five Jcilometers oi the road have already beEn completed. The road is UJegal because it cui$ through the Pico da Neblina National Park and the military has not even presented an Bnvironmental Impact Report to the government environmental nkuna Massacre Update (Brazil) March 28th marked three years since the Tlkuna massacre, when 14 Tikuna men, women and children were shot to death at the command of logger, Oscar Castello Branco, near the city of Benjamin Constant in the state of Amazonas, in the Brazilian Amazon. This was the most serious documented massacre of Brazilian Indians in the last twenty years. The 15.000 Tlkuna on the upper SolimOes River form the largest Indian nationality in Brazil. In recent years, they have suffered increasing incursions by loggers, commercial fisheries, and local elites on their lands. At the same time, their organizing in defense of their traditional lands has grown stronger. Since 1988, legal investigation of the crime has slowly proceeded in Benjamin Constant. At the end of last year, the judge responsible for the case indicted aU of the accused, who are now to stand trial before a local jury, chosen from the residents of the city. The general opinion in the city, however, leads us to believe that this will not be an impartial bia1 Most of the local people have shown support for the logger, who is well-known in the region. In general, there is hostility towards the Indians and their presence in the area. Consequently, the Tikuna and their support organizations are requesting that the judge and the pubtic prosecutor ask the Tribunal of Justice of the state of Amazonas for a change of venue. It is hoped that the trial will be held in the state capital of Manaus. The local judge and prosecutor- the only authorities who can legally make the request- are reluctant to do so. If this situation continues, the likely • outcome is impunity for the defendants, who would be tried in Bcn~1min Constant. and very tikely, be absolved. We request that concerned individuals and organizations send letters or telegrams to the authorities noted below, requesting that the Tribunal reexamine the Tlkuna massacre case, keeping in mind the hostile atti.tudes towards Indian people in the city of Benjamin Constant and th.1t a change of venue be granted. Please send these letters to: Exmo. Sr. Dr. luis Henrique Braz Juiz de Direito do Comorco de Benjamin Constont F orum de Benjamin Constont, 69630 Benjamin Constont, AM, BRAZIL Exmo. Sr. Dr. Sergio Medeiros Promotoo de Justico do Comorco de Benjamin Constont Forum de Benjamin Constant, 69630 Benjamin Constant, AM, BAAZIL agency. Exmo. Sr. Dr. Gaspar Cotundo de Sousa Desemborgador Presidente do Tribunal de Justico do Amozonas Ruo 10 de julho, no. 833 Centro, 69007 Monaus, AM, BRAZIL Send copies ol onconespondence to: mbassy Ambassador Morcilio Marques Moreiro, Brazilian E 3006 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA Fox: 202-745-2728 SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazilian Army Recruits Yanomami Indians Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Brazilian Army Recruits Yanomami Indians Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 22 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p022.pdf abyayala_v06n01_02_p022.pdf abyayala_v06n01_02_p022.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] [No URL] [No URL] https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5e3d298dc18dc3d97bea91dc5e1a94c9.pdf 4fdba902e28b309ab938e4ba64e732cb PDF Text Text 5 E L F DETERMINATION AND TERR I TORY Venezuela: Amazonian Indians Request Support Indigenous peoples. Under the law, the new State of Amazonas has been divid- The Indians demand that instead their land rights be properly recognized and that subsequently consultations take place to devise an administrative regime that suits their cultures and ipalities. Indigenous peoples claim this ed inlo 'municipios: each with elected coincides with their customary systems law is unconstitutional and are chal- 'alcaldes' (mayors), and each in turn divided into a number of ·paroquias' of decision-making. The challenge to the 'Ley de with their respective elected heads. These areas and institutions do not correspond with traditional Indigenous political systems. Moreover. they over- Division Politid... .' is the second court V enezuela has passed legislation that threatens to undermine Indigenous peoples' control of their lands and destinies by dividing the state of Amazonas into electoral munic· lenging il in the courts. However, while the courts have delayed hearing the case, the local government has gone ahead with the dismemberment of the area. The Indigenous peoples are calling for international support to urge the courts to consider the case. The 19 Indigenous peoples of the Venezuelan Amazon are represented by ORPIA (Organizaci6n Regional de Pueblos lndrgenas de Amazonas). They have received the support of the Human Rights Office of the Catholic Church in Puerto Ayacucho. They have been demanding since February 1995 that the law creating the political divisions of the Amazon State in Venezuela be declared invalid by the Supreme Court. For eight months the Supreme Court of justice took no action over the case. It was only after concerted pressure from the Indians that the court finally declared in November 1995 that the case required an urgent hearing. Despite the initial sense of urgency, the court still has not declared its judg- mem. Until recently the Venezuelan Amazon was administered as a Federal Territory and run pushed through the 'ley de Division Politico-Territorial del Est ado Amazonas· without consulting with the lap with Indigenous territories for which titles have yet to be gained according to Venezuelan law. municipal use. Indigenous peoples have argued appointed from Caracas. More recently, as part of a nation-wide program of decentralization, the Territory has been declared a State and opened to local electoral politics. As a part of this process, steps have been undertaken to stitutional. pointing out that Article 77 of the constitution allows for exception- divide the State up into new adminis· the towns aboUl which the new 'municipios' are being created arc far However. the local Governmem Voi.10No. 2 Amazonas. Earlier this year, ORPlA successfully challenged the local Government~ attempts to build a road from the State capital Puerto Ayacucho south to San Fernando de Atabapo. .., Despite Indigenous objections and the filing of a case contesting the legality of the law, the local government has Adapted from a reporr by the IVor/<1 gone ahead with applying the new Rainforest Mo,·ement structure and forced through elections. Already the imposed system is causing Pleas.: send fa.<es or leuers: problems. New internal divisions have been created because the boundaries of · Expressing concern for the situation in the the new •municipios' and 'paroquias' do Venczutlarl State of Amazonas as a result of not conform to Indigenous ethnic the imposed tenicorial division boundaries. Party politics has been introduced imo the communities. New - Asking the Sup••me Courr of ]uslie< to clientelistic relations have been estab- declare null attd \'Oid the Ley de Division lished throughout the territory. Poli1ico Terri101ial dtl Es1ado Amazonas as Dominant communities and ethnic n:qu<St<d by the lndige110us peoples on 2 groups have strengthened their authori- Febn.ary 1995. ty over smaller and politically marginal ones. Most serious. the new 'municip- Ora. Cecilia Sosa, Presidenta de Ia Corte ios' have begun a process of expropriat- Supn:ma de justlcia, Av. Barall, Son jc>s< de ing untitled Indigenous lands for Avila, Ctmuas, Venezuela by Governors that the law dividing the State is uncon- trative units. case that ORPIA has filed contesting Government initiatives in the State of al administrative regimes in Indigenous areas to accommodate their cultural differences. They also note that the law is contmry to established procedures, as too small to qualify. Dr. Alfredo Duchanne. Magisrrodo Po11er11e, Corte Suprema de juslicia, Caracas, Venezuela Fax number for both: 00 58 2 563 8113 For further information: Forest Peoples Programme, 8 Chapel Row, O•adling1on, OX7 3NA, England: Tel: 00 44 1608 676691; Fax: 0044 1608 6767'13; Email: wrm@gn.apc.org 29 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Venezuela: Amazonian Indians Request Support Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1996 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Venezuela: Amazonian Indians Request Support Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 29 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1996 Language English Abstract Note The Amazonian Indians of Venezuela are slowly being threatened by legislation that wishes to take their land away, and divide them into municipalities. For many years, these people have urged the support of international agencies to help in their effort to maintain their land. Attachment Title Venezuela.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Amazonian Indians Venezuela