21 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5ab7ad250a167ea4a781b7b0744584ce 6f0ef6b187abaac4c182fcac11c6a0d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 9 No. 1 & 2 (21).pdf PDF Text Text y AUTODETERMINACIÓN li 1 , 1 • • '' 1 '' el febrero 18 al 19, 1995, un grupo de 30 delegados indígenas de los Estados Unidos, Canadá, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia y Perú se encontraron en Phoenix, Arizona (EEUU), para formular una respuesta indígena al PDGH (Proyecto de Diversidad del Genoma Humano). Durante los tres días de discusión, los delegados decidieron formar la Alianza Internacional en Contra del Proyecto de Diversidad del Genoma Humano. Muchos pueblos indígenas lo llaman el "Proyecto Vampiro" porque como objetivo tiene la recolección de sangre, tejidos, y cabellos de aproximadamente 700 grupos indígenas alrededor del mundo. El PDGH es una propuesta para recolectar y estudiar las estructuras genéticas de varios grupos étnicos. Han escogido poblaciones "al punto de extinguirse," y se refieren a los pueblos indígenas como "aislados, de interés histórico." SAIIC y otras organizaciones 1 • 1 indígenas se han opuesto a este proyecto puesto que constituye otro ejemplo de investigaciónes que realizan norteamericanos y europeos sobre pueblos indígenas sin su consentimiento, y sin proveerles toda la información pertinente. Esto es una continuación de la colonización de los pueblos nativos que empezó hace 500 años. Los delegados de la conferencia de Phoenix decidieron formular un plan de acción para detener el PDGH y su atentado en contra de la vida biológica, espiritual, física, y sicológica de los indígenas. Formaron un comité coordinador compuesto de personas indígenas de Norte, Centro, y Suramérica. Planifican reunirse este Otoño en el norte de California para continuar con esta campaña. TERRITORIO El Centro En'owkin e Indígenas Okanagan en Columbia Británica organizaron esta conferencia, que fue auspiciada por Tonatierra en Phoenix. Debra Harry, una indígena Paiute de Nevada, es la coordinadora de este proyecto.~ Para más información, favor contactarse con: Debra Harry, al P.O. Box 6, Nixon, Nevada 89424, Tel: (702) 574-0309, e-mail dharry@igc.apc.org; el Centro En'owkin, 257 BrunswickSt., Penticton, BC V2R 5P9, Canadá, Tel: (604) 493-7181, Fax: (604) 493-5302; y SAIIC In por Atencio López (Kuna) El 21 de julio de 1995, en la ciudad de Guatemala, se constituyó el Consejo Indígena de Centroamérica (CICA), que reúne en su seno representantes indígenas de Guatemala hasta Panamá, incluyendo Belice. La iniciativa de crear el Consejo surgió durante la reunión de Panamá en junio de 1994, teniendo presente la nesecidad urgente de los pueblos indígenas de articular un movimiento a nivel regional que luchará por la defensa de sus pueblos ante los camVol: 9 No. 1 bios que se vienen logrando en Centroamérica, sobre todo en esta etapa de democratización. La conformación de CICA tiene especial importancia porque ocurre justo en los momentos en que, a nivel general, se buscan alternativas de diálogo y pacificación de la guerra en el área y que ha empobrecido aún más nuestros países, en donde la peor parte lo han llevado (también) las comunidades indígenas. En ese sentido CICA estará apoyando el convenio contraído con la Unión Europea por cerca de unos ocho milliones de dólares con el nombre de Programa Regional de Apoyo a los Pueblos Indígenas de Centro América (PAPICA). Como personal de CICA, fueron elegidos Leopoldo Tzian (Guatemala), Presidente; Mauricio Castro (Honduras), Secretaría General; William Barrigón (Panamá), Tesorero.~ 21 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 9, No. 1&2 (Noviembre 1995) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CICA: Unidad Indigena en Centro America Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November, 1995 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title CICA: Unidad Indigena en Centro America Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Volume 9 No. 1 & 2 (21).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 1 and 2 Language Spanish Publication Title Noticias de Abya Yala Volume 9 Author Atencio Lopez (Kuna) Abstract Note On July 21, 1995, the Indigenous Council of Central America (CICA) was founded, which integrates indigenous representatives from Guatemala to Panama, including Belize. Pages 21 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/e1df1116fe0249899e2b802ff4b4b938 11add660e4b65d89caf98869946a6d6f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (35-36).pdf PDF Text Text de esta Conferencia es testimonio de la tenacidad de los Pueblos N ativos y de su habilidad para resistir la gran invasión que comenzo cuando Colón llego a estas tierras, "Nuestro caso tendrá un inmenso impacto en la causa de los Indios de Norte América que han sido divididos por las fronteras de Canadá y México. La mayoría de las Naciones Indias se movilizará para apoyar a los O' odham y ese apoyo será incondicional. Ellos están luchando por derechos humanos fundamentales, derechos religiosos, ecológicos y territoriales." Círculo Sagrado de Ancianos y Jovenes Indios Comparten Filosofía Nativa La siguiente es una declaración del Jefe Raída Skidegate (Lewis Collison) del Canadá. "Las personas son como los árboles y los grupos de personas son como bosques. En los bosques hay distintas clases de árboles, estos árboles entretelazan sus raíces de forma tan fuerte que ni siquiera los fuertes vientos que azotan nuestras islas pueden derrumbarlos. Cada árbol fortalece al que tiene a su lado y sus raíces estan inexorablemente entrelazadas. De la misma manera, la gente de nuestras islas, gentes de naciones y razas de todo el mundo, están comenzando a entrelazar sus raíces con tanta fuerza que ninguna dificultad los derrumbará. Asi como un árbol que crece aisladamente será derrumbado por el primer viento fuerte que sople, ninguna persona, ninguna familia o comunidad podrá resistir aisladamente los conflictos del mundo de hoy." El Círculo Sagrado Tradicional de Ancianos y Jóvenes se reunió el pasado mes de julio en Haida Gwaii, en las Isalas Queen Charlotte ubicadas en la costa oeste del Canadá. Desde allí emitieron la siguiente proclamación referida a los derechos territoriales de los Pueblos Indios. "Los Pueblos Indios de todo el mundo tienen derecho y una responsabilidad para con sus tierras ancestrales, su tierra les otorga una identidad propia. Ellos tienen el derecho soberano d~ proteger al mundo natural de la explotación. Si las Naciones Indias se mantienen fieles a su filosofía y valores tradicionales con respecto a la tierra, su futuro está asegurado. Las personas deben redescubrir la Ley Natural y de esa manera podrán utilizar la tierra sin destruirla. Nuestras culturas se basan en dos importantes premisas sobre la tierra. En primer lugar, creemos que la Tierra es nuestra Madre Espiritual, creada para brindarnos mantención, simpre que vivamos según las instrucciones originales de nuestro creador. En segundo lugar, nuestras diversas cultu- �ras derivan su identidad individual de la tierra. Esto crea un vínculo esencial que debe ser mantenido, entre nosotros y nuestras tierras ancestrales. La tierra no es un recurso económico para ser vendido. No podemos seguir basando nuestro futuro económico en la extracción y explotación de los recursos naturales. El acceso a los recursos debe estar sujeto a las leyes naturales. Si destruímos la tierra,no tendremos recursos para sobrevivir, ni hogar, ni futuro para las próximas generaciones. Si destruímos estas riquezas, habremos roto nuestro deber sagrado. Nuestras Naciones necesitan establecer reglamentos para el uso de la tierra, bajo la guía de leyes espirituales. Debemos usar el sentido común para ayudar a que nuestra gente pueda beneficiarse con los recursos de la tierra y al mismo tiempo se pueda mantener la existencia a largo plazo de esos recursos. Las personas, los clanes y las Naciones ejercen soberanía sobre la tierra. Este es un derecho colectivo que tiene implicancias espirituales. Si abusamos de esta responsabilidad, la consecuencia será la destrucción de nuestras Naciones, nuestras culturas y recursos. Nuestro camino ha sido desviado por ambiciones materiales instigadas por la era industrial. Debemos recordar con qué fin nos fue entregada la tierra en primer lugar. Cada cultura tribal posee una ética referida al uso de la tierra y esta ética debe ser reinstaurada. Hemos heredado la tierra de nuestros ancestros. Ellos nos han legado esta responsabilidad. Poseemos la tierra, no para beneficio económico sino para protegerla, para que las próximas generaciones tengan un hogar, un lugar en la tierra, un futuro seguro. Debemos inculcar en ellos un profundo respeto por todos los obsequios de la creación ... Como conclusión, el Círculo Sagrado Tradicional espera que todas las personas realizen un esfuerzo para incorporar los valores tradicionales en sus vidas. Creemos que existe un necesidad urgente de modificar las prácticas destructivas que alteran la paz y las formas de vida naturales. Con este comunicado, el Círculo Tradicional de Ancianos y Jóvenes hace un llamado al mundo para que juntos colaboremos en la restauración de la armonía de la vida y en la protección de la Madre Tierra. "Daalang gii giinahl sudaas naa dang gyust' aa sqawdaagii u u daalang gahl kil'laa gaa. Howa. Gaa gang at t'aa ts'ii. (Gracias por escuchar nuestra palabra. Caminen con cuidado.)" ¡Noticias de Ultimo Momento! Sur Ejército Norteamericano Indígenas Entrevista a Manuel Ku, de la comarca Ngwobe (Guaymi) deQuiriqui y miembro de la Pastoral Aborigen de la Iglesia Metodista, que visitó el área de San Francisco, patrocinado por la Fundación "Global Exchange". SAliC: ¿Cuáles son los effectos de la intervención Norteamericana en Panama? Manuel Ku (M.K.): Se estima que 3.000 personas murieron durante la invasión, y que hubo alrededor de 2.000 heridos. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Circulo Sagrada de Ancianos y Jovenes Indios Comparten Filosofia Natica (Norteamerica) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Setiembre 1989 - Marzo 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Circulo Sagrada de Ancianos y Jovenes Indios Comparten Filosofia Natica (Norteamerica) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (35-36).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Language Spanish Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 35-36 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Volume 5 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/fd0a4f56dc985e7aa09d1793ace654c5 2b82405e223ca7f6a86f1b11bb8360a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&2 (26).pdf PDF Text Text Cjuatemala 5 Ñ S ESISTE Cl 1 1E La reunión de "La Campaña Continental: 500 Años de Resistencia Indígena y Popular" se llevó a cabo en Quetzaltenango, Guatemala del 7 -12 de Octubre de 1991. Más de 400 delegados participaron, de los cuales la mayoría eran representantes de los movimientos populares y 37 eran delegados Indígenas del Sur, Centro y Nortearnérica. Entre los temas más importantes de la agenda se discutieron: democraCia, derechos humanos, derechos Indígenas, derecho a la tierra, a la vida, neocolonialismo, autodeterminación, mujeres y juventud. Una de las resoluciones mas importantes fué la de incorporar a los Afroamericanos en la campaña. Para más información, contactar: Secretaría Operativa· Apdo Postal 7B ·Sucursal El Trebol, 01903 • Guatemala • Tel: 28-932. Costa Rica í 1 , IN 1 S NAS El presidente Rafael Angel Calderón firmó la ley que permitirá otorgar documentos de ciudadanía a un millón de Indígenas a quienes hasta el momento se les habían negado los derechos de ciudadanos. Muchos Indígenas han nacido en áreas remotas, lejos de los lugares donde existe registro civil, y nunca habían obtenido los certificados de nacimiento necesarios para adquirir ciudadanía Una vez que sus documentos sean otorgados, los indígenas podran beneficiarse con atención medica gratuita y también podran recibir préstamos de los bancos, lo que anteriormente se les negaba. "Luego de 500 años, se nos reconoce como costarricenses", dijo Pablo Sibar de Terraba. La Compañía multinacional Pindeco, está cultivando papaya en tierras pertenecientes a la reserva Indígena, al sur de las montañas de Talamanco, al Este de Costa Rica. Estas tierras fueron arrendadas a la compañía frutícola, por gente no Indígena. La mayor parte del territorio Indígena de Costa Rica está siendo explotada por gente no Indígena o ya ha sido vendido. Fuente: The Tico Times por Eduardo Ortebar México O'OD A~ DE~AN N RECONOCI lEN Los O'odham de Sonora México, y la Nación Tohono O'odham del Sur de Arizona son todos un solo pueblo, pero aún tienen que ser reconocidos y respetados como una nación soberana por los Estados Unidos y México. Los líderes tradicionales O' odham de México están gestionando reconocimiento como parte de la Nación O'odham de Arizona y que las tierras ancestrales de México sean reconocidas como parte de las tierras ancestrales de la Nación Tohono. Los O'odham tradicionales de México están desarrollando el "programa O'odham ~n México," que consiste en trabajos de desarrollo comunitario, de tierras e intervención legal. Ellos también han presentado peticiones al Grupo de Trabajo sobre las Poblaciones Indígenas de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra. Para inás informaciÓn sobre cómo puede apoyar al programa O'odham México, favor comunicarse con: George Ignacio, ó Frank Mariano en Arizona, té!: 602-383-2249. 26 Boletín SAIIC � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, Nos. 1&2 (Spring & Summer 1992) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ciudadania a los Indigenas (Costa Rica) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Ciudadania a los Indigenas (Costa Rica) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, nos. 1&2 (26).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/e6977d8c888f6570560315533f26b3d2.pdf d0d52d720666c3706416c52c94e8d684 PDF Text Text CLORINDA GUALMES: ONE WOMAN AGAINST THE MILITARY ~ Following the military coup of 1976, Indian people in Argentina were subjected to widespread oppression, with large landowners conspiring with the military to displace Indians from their ancestral territories. In Nequen province, many families were evicted by the military so that they could extend their estancias (landholdings) and headquarters. One such estancia, called Pulmari, already consisted of 125,000 acres, yet the military wanted to further extend their lands, so they evicted onethird of the Mapuches from the community of Lonco Luan. Clorinda Gualmes, like her ancestors, lives with her family in El Faldeo del Cerro Otto, close to the army base and ten kilometers from Bariloche. The military tried to chase her off her land on several occasions, but she and her family always returned. Now, the Argentine army is trying to sue Clorinda and take away her land by judicial means, accusing the Gualmes family of illegally occupying the land. Elogio Frites, a Kalla Indian lawyer working in legal defense, says that "514 hectares (1,270 acres) belong to the Gualmes family forever, and laws 23302 and 14932 protect their rights." "On1y with my Courage and my Will" Elizabeth Draper recorded the following statement by Clorinda Gualmes: "My family has lived on my land for 100 years. I have a photo of my grandfather and his animals there taken in 1907. My father was the first wood and coal seller, my mother the first to make local cheese. But now, I have been evicted three times. First, by the National Parks and then by the army. They say they need the land for maneuvers. The last time was in 1983, on the 29th of July, at a quarter to 11 in the morning. It was snowing, when 40 soldiers came in and tore everything down. They left me without anything. Even my furniture was taken by the rain. For over a qconth that winter, I had nowhere to go with my animals. I lived in a tent. I have pictures of it covered with snow. I hid my cows in the hills. The soldiers had wanted to take them to the market. Now, I am on the same land. I came back by myself without anyone's help. Only with my courage and my will. I know that it is mine. Since then, soldiers have come two or three times to tell me they are going to practice on the shooting range. In all the years since I was born there, they have never shot around my house as they have in the last four or five years. The bullets would hit my house, or pass beside the corral. Now, they are bothering me so that I will get tired and I will leave. They haven't achieved this, yet. I have filed three or four complaints against them, so they have stopped bothering me in this way. I have a big file of the notes I have written to the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Interior, and other officials. But I never know when I leave my home what I will find when I get back. The Centro Mapuche came to find me when I was in the tent and I have been working with them ever since, as Treasurer of the organization." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4, Nos. 2&amp;3 (Fall 1988 &amp; Winter 1989) Zotero Volume 4 Language English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clorinda Gualmes: One Woman Against the Military (Argentina) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1988 & Winter 1989 Zotero Title Clorinda Gualmes: One Woman Against the Military (Argentina) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 4, nos. 2 &3 (18).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 2 & 3 Language English Volume 4 Pages 18 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/ede63cc373e659c0ef418d58777bdc8c.pdf a4f76b2022144cda99b0edf939f694d4 PDF Text Text thinner and thinner. All donations to SAIIC are tax-deductible and may be earmarked for the Newsletter. Volunteers to help us with production and distribution are heartily welcomed. If you would like to contribute to our efforts, please write us at P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA 94707 or give us a call at (415) 452-1235. Thanks. -Susan Lobo Special thanks for work on this issue to Juan Bottasso, Aldous Cardarelli, Sandy Davis, Rick Droz, Jean Ann Jensen, Judith Stronach, and Karen Turtle. For production assistance we thank the Onaway Trust, American Friends Service Committee, Intertribal Friendship House, Wes Huss, Stephen McNeil, Bobsey Draper, and the SAIIC Committee: Jane Addison, Monti Aguirre, Rayen Cayuqueo, Peggy Lowry, Maria Massolo, James Muneta, Adam Rabinowitz, Anna Lugo Stephenson, Glenn Switkes, and Jo Tucker. Pete Hammer co-edited and typeset this issue. Susan Lobo is SAIIC Publications Editor. Nilo Cayuqueo is SAIIC Coordinator. NEWSLETTER To receive the SAIIC Newsletter for one year please send a donation of $6 for addresses in the United States, Mexico, and Canada or $8 for addresses elsewhere. PUBLICATIONS Working Commission Reports: Second Conference of Indian Nations and Organizations of South America. Tiwanaku, Bolivia, published by SAIIC, 1984, $3. Journey to the South, K'uu yaa Tsa-wa, published by SAIIC, 1986, $1. RADIO SHOW The SAIIC radio program "South and Central American Indian Update" is heard the first Friday of each month at 8:00 p.m. on KPFA FM 94.1 in northern California. One hour tapes can be purchased for $8 each. ORDER FORM Number Cost Newsletter subscription (See prices above) Working Commission Reports, $3 each Tapes of radio program, $8 each Donations _ _ _ __ Total enclosed _ _ __ Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ CitY, State, Zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Please make out all checks, which are tax deductible, to American Friends Service Committee/SAIIC, and mail to South and Central American Indian Information Cente~ P.O. Box 7550, BerkeleY, CA 94707 USA. Vol. 3, no. 1. Fall, 1986. Published quarterly by SAIIC © 1986. Page 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 3, No. 1 (Fall 1986) Zotero Language English Issue 1 Volume 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Closing (Special Thanks and Subscription Information) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1986 Zotero Title Closing (Special Thanks and Subscription Information) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 3, no. 1 (19).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Issue 1 Volume 3 Language English Pages 19 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/ea9e065a0b7ca89f23439f6f9eb5e129.pdf 8ffb323a76c2cba8a02b495369e0350d PDF Text Text ENVIRONMENT & DEVELOPMENT Closing the Darien Gap? The Pan-American Highway's last Link by Alicia Korten (we do not want the Pan·Ameri Highway built through our homelands'. stntcs Lcopoldo llaporiso, chid of the 13,<100 Embcm·WounaanpeoplesofPanama's easternmost province, the Darien. I le states that th~ highways wit! CIIUW, ·m~•v• deforestation, immigrauon b)· outs•ders. an mcmJS<: In drug traffick· crs, v•olcnct and the loss of our cui· ture' In October of 1993. the Panam~· man and Colomb"m governments signed agreements to begin studies thnt they hope will lead tothe connectiOn of North nnd South America through the Darien Gap. If this I07 kilometer stretch Is butlt, the highway will run wtthout a break between Alaska and Atj;enurua's somhem tip. The O:mcn Gap is one ofthe world's mOSl b•oiQg~cally richndnfo~s and a cntical comdor between North and South American ecosystems for plant and wildlife. The area is home to roughly 40,000 mhabitants. includlnt: etm Alfcl<1 KorUro Is tiJC alSOCiaL< Jirwor of tho· Ct•tro for PIIP•Iar Ltgal ilssutanct's lndlg· rnou5 Program (CfAl.P) m Pa•ama. She,... ,;,; with the lnd~gll".<>US P~1t-i\mmcan lfoglotvay CclmniWWt! Vol. 8 No. I t 2 Rvc distinct Indigenous nations, Afri· c::.n-Amcricans, and m~tizo colonists. UNF.SCOdeclanid the Darien National 1'3rk, the largest in Ccntrnl America, a World Heritage Site an(llllos[ihere R¢· serve in 1981 and 1983 respective!)• beca1.1se of its cuhur:~l and biological di\WStty. The Colombian and Pnnamaman governments are explonng three dlf· fet't'nt routes..one along the P:loflc Co;1St, one along the Adnnuc Co..'\St, ~nd one through the isthmu~·s middle which would pass through the border community Palo de Lctms. The Palo de I euas ro1.1te is the shortest, least co$tly and most favored. All routes lY.lSS through Embera. Wounaan and Kuna temtortes. The Palo de l..etrns route cuts through the Indigenous communufes Pucuro. Paya. Cut>t. Aru~ and 01hers as well as through the Onnen National Park and the Knuos Pnrk m Colombia--both of whtch haw rcgulauons permitting the highway's consu·uction. Pressure to build the road comes primarily from South t\mericnn governments and industnes who want grtnter access to Nonh American m.•r· kets. Colombia. MeXICO and Venczt•ela are promotmg the highway'sconstruction most aggrcssh·cl)' due to a recent!)' signed f(ee u11dcagrccmcm. "The high· way ... will fncllhate trade of pem>leum, COltOn. cloth, iron, steel. and other goods between Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela.." statts juan Castancg~~. Colombia's Director of the MirusuyofForetgnAffitir'slatin Ameri· can~k Extending the Pnn-Amencan high· way is part of the Colombian govern· ments aggressive de,·elopment pack· age for the region. The Pacific Plan is a complementary mega-project aimed at opening the region to multiple fomlS or resource explottntion (seeAbya Yala. V. 7:3&4). The plan has gone through tnan)" t:eV\5\00.S StnCC US tmtoal draft in 1983. whtch ~tatcd that 'thise..xtensh·e region contains imme~ forest. fiSh· ing, ri•-er-and ~-b:tst:d mineral resources which the countr)' reqmres immediately.• The 1992 proposal how· ever, begins wn h discussion ofsustainable development and poverty allcvia· tion and then contmues with the prevl· ous goals of otl exploration, mining. largescale agriculture. commercial fiSh· mg and tourism. Together. these proJects thmuen 1he region wtth mas 29 �ENVIRON MENT & D EVELOPM ENT -- Sl\'e changc··changc whtch local pt0p1a frrl wtU dbpl.ltt thtar com· munmn and ck\btatc the ~'s C'ft\1ronmcnt lnc:h~tcnous pcol'lb far thc luglt- "~)' " ould cr.xlt the furcsu on whoch thr tr way of hfc dcPfnch by facthtaung the area's coloo mnllon and devclop· mcm In Oeccmlx:r of 199), over 500 delegates from dllfcrcnt Embcra· Wounaan contn>lmlllcs p.1sscd a rcsolunon Staling their 'rcjcCIIO Of the n PDn·American l lll(h" ~y·~construcllon th rough l ndt~:~rnou• tcrm orics I n P~n~na· because, ' the construct ton of the Pan-Arntne.on htgh"'11)' through our t~"'"'lldcauw ti'Kpaablrcbm- to our fornb. m crs. flor2 :and bmb upon,. hKh depend ou.r brotho-;, •nd 'l.>lcr- thc arumals and our n\-cr cuhu~ Thc "-OOncb ca~ b)· the ~em COfUIIUC1t<>n of the PanAnw-ncan htll)\w• > to suU fresh Thl$ C<'lblfll4t10n Cl~ the com·crston of our tcmu>ncs tnto tov.• p;t~tures and liulr by little the extinction of the b•oolv,·tl>ty of our lands.• Six indig••nou~ orwmiz,ulons in the Darien Gap hnV<' funned a co.1liuon calltd the lndt&cnous Pan-Amcncan • v.,,. = litgh,.ayCommt<•ICm(IPAHC)togam a \'OK'C tn upcommt ntj:Oilauons "We arc dcmandmg C>Ut kgal nghts tO C'On· ~uhanon rcg,mllnjlln)· plan,. the SO"" cm mcnt ha, for our anttstral bnds•, ~n Cl;&,mac C...rpoo. IPAHC. Coordan.uor Fund•"' for the 107lulomttcr hnk ntcr· 1$1\0l )-tt secu~ """~cr. thd Amcn(';ln ()e,ck,pmcnt Bank (108)"-111 1 P.mamo money to elaborate mmal 03n technical Sllldtc~ Mtd cm"romnentai imp.1Ct $tQtCntflll~ rhe 108 \\'111 also proV1de Colombtn S I.' mllhonto renoV the P3n-Amcnc.ut liighway seg3tc ment Medellin-1 urb<1, nn ~•stmgroad that requires lla\'ing to suppon intcrconttnentaltr.<ffll The Unned States J\O''Cmmem " ttl likely 1101 pro"de fundmg but m.ay ~uppon the pfOJCCI b) prO\t<hn& technical~. acconl"'' to Sl.&te !Xplnmtnt olrtcWs. lnd~ ptaple· uc d~ • n>· ou~ fundcrs from supponmg the protttt .,. 30 .. = Resolution of th• lndlg•noul Embers Wounaanand Kuna peoptu of Pan.ma at • Mtlonlll •ncounter to discuss exttntlon of th• PanAmericlm high..,.y on MJ!y 8. 1994. in tiHt community of Comun, eom.rc. Embeta-W-. AnN of C..maco. n1 t1uo1 8<Jono ji)""''S a... • .--1 "~an noc rm>a:n wl<ru \\. thcrd. .... raoh'( the"'"""""" • Fu>t R<)«t the Pr~" th:ot the P.llti%D3nl.ll\ .and Col.>rnbUn Go--.mmmt> ""' dlscu<SI~~&,.ithln tht Good :"'d;')tbor Co<nmissoon to Optn 1ht Dlr1<n (.tp b) bwlcltng 1h< f'm.Amrrl(,m li'Ch"'•l • S.Cond ll<nund tho '"'"'<d•~• U'JX1lSIOO of >tu.l~ hrtnll und.-n.~lu:n and tlul "tU be undfrL.Ikt"n h)• l~": Pan.un.mun .md Colomb1;1n j.tOV('mn\cnb, tu uprn the· 1),\ncn Cf.lp, whlc h tun,Ut\II('S C)u t T~tr1tonfs. • 1'hlrd· In thr (''"' tl"tt tilcy <'~lllhtuc to meet to dt>c:u•llhr Opt·nll\ji of the l),u1rn Gap. ""'demand the- JM<Iktp:nlc>n c>l hadtgcnous N>llons und.-r tqu>lconditi<lll',tO rl!'li!z< stud!<> and l'lro't~>rn.-nt PJ.ut-.. a S.diO!I.'lland lntcl1\.di(Jn.&l kwJ tlut rn.l) .•fleet our tcn'IIDtl, • Founh. I •pond ~llti) tht lndoncnou> Pm-Amcncm ti•J:h""> Corrunls$lon Io.ntn Gep),t., lndudttht lollov.tng a A mcmbermd.......,. Dl'theGtn<toiC"A!Wd>t.Sol tht Emhrr•·''"'"...., •nd Kuna b A rncmbu and o.\$btant uC l'ucum-1'••.. and the OnCC\Id. • Fthh. Dcm.1nd tho! the \! bltul n. .........., .~ ouch u the hlltr Amcnart Ot\clupuxmlbnk1108 tbt \\Crld IIW:Xld ethcD,IU>pmd a!l <miillorStla<holnd ~ tn rdloon IO tbt Opmin& ('( :b< J:>onm Wp and the poi\OC1patlon ol tbt lnd~nous s ......,.,n.n M.o"' •nd D<-"Ciopmrmll"rojtctstl= ..111:d!ra •l\lfltrrttones • S.X1h Rtqlldl th< 1n«m.ttl<>noll Communuy and 'i<alid.lnt)' Group; "' dtrt"""' tlut Fin.ut(ing J\g,·ndC' .uki 1h.: t\U\ilm.ll\tln :and Colomb1.m C'fO\·tmmtuh ~Lw te-al panklp.liiPII U1 tho lndlg>:IMOlS r<;,UIOI\S r~LnR pL\n, 1M th< rc~tWn Cactqut l<MI<k• V~ldc: Kuo.a Grn<r•l Cong""" Caciqut lcojloldu 1\'lpotu<> t m~ra-Wounaan ('o(lltrnl Congrt>& CaCl(Ju•• llrn)lnun C..lrct.:t Modus.>nd• G<:ntnll Congtt"!o Cactqut C•tlllft111 Ay•l.t Cacoqu< ol l'a)'a. For more inlmn•t ion <O<ILI<I a..tnm Cupi<•IPAIIC Co>onllNI«. HcrurHu.na<. ~ad,,..,. <ftmdon ~C"Mr<Ut:a ~Cmm>cl< \s:srftxil L<pll'opulu(O'AU') ''"""tado~c.-,_~ Elo-do hnam1.Tel:l50n 23~lSI h" U On MM29 or, .\hcu Konm. Aclrii<X 1PAHC/Ed lith 5L, .-\pi •), :-.;..,. \;,rir, 1\)' IO(l()llfcll f"" (212) 24l 1901 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Closing the Darien Gap? The Pan-American Highway's last Link Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alicia Korten Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Closing the Darien Gap? The Pan-American Highway's last Link Item Type Journal Article Author Alicia Korten Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 29-30 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer1994 Language English Abstract Note A proposed Pan-American Highway from Colombia to Panama would destroy important ecosystems and cut through lands of up to five indigenous communities as well as non-native communities. The Indigenous Pan-American Commission speaks up against the highway stating the irreparable impacts of other sections of the highway that have destroyed the livelihood of nearby indigenous groups. Attachment Title abya yala p29-30.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Darien Panama Embera-Wounaan Indigenous Pan-American Highway Commission Pan-American Highway https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/cfb786cadb866a1e3b2a9b2187e47dc1.pdf af83d7af2adce2784107bce0c5479828 PDF Text Text ORGANIZATION - - --=- Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded lndigenous organizations. Panicipants di.scussecl1he struggle for autonomy and self.detcnnination. how to create mech· anisms to assure respect for Indigenous he Coalition in Support of Amazonian Peoples and Their rights. and how to strengthen access to decision·making on Em·lronment opened an ofric:e in government T Washington DC in Nov. 1994 to Indigenous rights. The intent of the con· impro,·e communication and coordina· ference was to develop clear definitions of autonomy and self·detemlination. tion among US-based NGOs working with Amazonian peoples. The Coalition was born from an alliance between Indigenous peoples of the Amazon and groups and individuals concerned with the fu ture of the Amazon and its peo· pies. Coalition Members suppon Indigenous territorial rights and sustain~ nblc development ahemath·es. and share the belief that people are an integral pan or the ecosystem. The Coalition will hold an annu.~l Fomm !or NGOs to meet, receive guidance !rom Indigenous leaders of the Amazon. discuss current issues, and develop politic~l action su·atcgies. Topics at next years !omm (May I O-l2 1995 in Washington. DC) will include: Free trade and De\'elopmem, Intellectual Property Rights. the Timber Industry. At present the Coalition has three working groups: U.S. Policy and Hl.lntan Rights. Defense of Territories. and Financial Resources. It is helping to coordinate a number of cmnpaigns such as the Ecuador oil campaign. In an e!fon to promote communications among interested organizations. the Coalition: distributes a monthly Am~ort Update with news from Co..1lition members. F()r mor~ inj()rm,uion, p/(6$(. ccncac1: CoalitiOIJ Coordinmo,. Melina Sel\'Cl:Ston. 1$1/ I< St. N\V Suit< 10+1, 1\~ irtgton . DC 2()()()$. Te/;(202) 637-97 I8.jax;(202)63i· 9719. emaiJ: am«Z:om:ool@fgc.apc.oJi. Self-determination Seminar in Mexico T he Second Seminar on Sclf-determi· nation in Mexico held on Jan. 20·21 was organized b)1 the Colegio de Mexico under the direction of Rudol!o Stavenhagen and hosted by Oax.1can Vol. a No.4 American Indian Satellite Network Makes History or the first time. Native.owned and F public radio stations across the country have access to regular program· ming for and about Natjvc Americans. thanks to the new t\IROS (American Indian Radio on Satellite) network. Since Oct. 31. tl1is history-making ser· ,;ce has offered a daily one-hour feed or dramas. documentaries. litcrmure, self. help programs and heritage pieces, all related to Native Americans. The AIROS network, initially funded b)• the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, is developing and establishing what will eventually be a 2+ hour distribmion system of radio pro~ grnmming by, for and about Native Americans. The AIROS feed includes a storyudling series, interviews with various Native American personalities. historical specials and a multi-pan series on breaking the C)'cle of child abuse. as well as a ' 'ariety of other specials and series. Nalivt America Calli11g will premiere at the end of February as a daily. hour-long. live call-in talk show focus· AND COMMUNICAT I ON most of whom operate on inadequate funds; says Susan Braine, AI~OS Manager. "We're working closely with the tribal stations to detem1ine program~ ming needs and to address those needs through tl1e radio programs that AIROS is able to acquire. Our goal is to encour· age and facilitate their own production of these programs. This is their network. It will be as successful and relcvnm as they. the stations, collectively make it: Braine said. AIROS also has plans to acquire ponable uplinks in order to broadcast conferences. po'"'vows. and oLhcr cui· tur:d events from reservations. This would allow tribes to share limited resources while learning from each other. For more information on the t\IROS schedule. contaCt your local public or Native.owned rndio station. Stations interested in becoming affiliated with AIROS should contact Susan Braine at 402-472·0484. Internet for Native Peoples Conference ndigenous activists !rom throughout California gathered at U.C. llerkelcy on Nov. l9 to learn new techniques and I discuss the opportunities for network· ing and alliance building on the in!or· tnation highway. Marc Uecker led a workshop using the Mosaic program to explore the Internet. This prompted both ideas and concerns about using the lmernet as a tool for funhering the causes of Indigenous peoples world wide. 01scussion that followed pointed to the ing on currem issues a.nd topics affecting demand for a larger and more in·depth conference in the future. Man)' who Native Americans. attended questtoned the use of this tech· nology !or people living on resen'l!tions and other third-world conditions who radio is the sole telecommunicmiot\S might not ll.we access to telephone lines service. AIROS directors see the net- or even electricity. work as a first-step towM<I an ambitious Ifyou have acc:t:SS lo a computer and modem. goal: building and linking stations on you mighc be inten-..ste(l in the following liscs the 250 Indian reservations in the rdatcd to Indigenous issues: Indigenous United States. greatest challenge is Knowlt:dg(. NaJive Netin obtaining Native comcm programs. Jisturv@('OP'ndl.tdu, Chiclt;, ~·fujcr 1.. ·liSt· particularly from the Native stations, proc@lmrinet.gsc.ucsb.cd!f, Rata Net. t\IROSlinks most of the 25tribal sla· tions located in Native communities in 10 states, many on reservations where ·our 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 35 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment, made up of US-based NGOs in Washington, D.C. is established. Attachment Title Coalition_in_support_of_indigenous_peoples.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Amazon Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Human Rights Reservations Washington D.C. https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/90a9bc0a0693002d57dd907dcb6703b8.pdf c03d720d4e1f315288b6e1addfbc3bb3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 3 _ 4 (26).pdf PDF Text Text The production and trafficking of drugs is a highly profitable, transnational capitalist activity. At present, the production and trafficking of drugs is one of the most profitable businesses in the world, equal or superior to arms trafficking. Drug trafficking is not an "external evil" of capitalism. The term "illegal" does not explain the economic reality, since capitalism, according to its own logic, accepts any activity which generates the process of capital accumulation, whether this activity be harmful to humanity or not. Thus, we have seen phenomena ranging from the contamination of the environment by legal industrial activities, to the major weapons industries raking in record profits as a result of genocidal wars . The drug trafficker is acting within the framework of the capitalist system, not against nor outside of it. The notion that the narcotics industry is reserved for shadowy criminals is a fallacy. In fact, the narcotics industry forms part of the international economy. Those who control the international trafficking of "illegal" drugs are also those who control"respectable" and "legal" enterprises. Billions of dollars are injected into the world's markets as a result of "illegal" trafficking of drugs. This tremendous sum is invested in all areas of industry and has helped reactivate the economies of major industrial nations. Given this situation, referring to drug production and trafficking as part of an underground economy is profoundly contradictory. Condemning Indigenous people as the source of the problem is more practical and acceptable for policymakers in the industrialized countries than examining and correcting the problems in their own culture. In any event, if cocaine production were to end, the present drug-users would continue to consume legal, illegal, natural and/ or synthetically-produced drugs. This situation has been exacerbated by the North American government's drastic cutbacks in drug treatment programs, among other significant social programs. The official discourse has incorporated two completely different realities into one issue: the reality behind coca and the reality surrounding cocaine use. Lumping these together invokes feelings of social decay and collective guilt. Coca has been stigmatized, its use (whether masticated, used as a medicine, or in ceremonies) has been confused with drug addiction. Coca, as the raw material for cocaine, has been targeted as the critical element in the "crime" of drug trafficking. Therefore, the coca growers, the 26 peasant farmers and the nations located in the coca growing region, have been fingered as the guilty parties. Rather than approaching the problem of drug addiction in a rational and objective manner, human feelings and social values are being manipulated. Without a doubt, the interests of those in power lie behind this discourse. It is necessary to change the manner in which the problem has been approached, analyzing the concrete differences existing between coca and cocaine, two distinct phenomena and two distinct realities. 1. Coca and cocaine are two completely different substances. The first is a natural substance which produces no harmful effects on human health, is of great nutritional value, and possesses medicinal properties. The second is the result of a chemical transformation, denaturing coca in both appearance and effects. Cocaine is harmful. It is a drug which destroys and enslaves. 2. Coca cultivation and cocaine production are two radically different activities with respect to the material and social wealth generated by each. 3. The marketing of coca is completely different from the marketing and transportation of cocaine. The use of the coca leaf in its natural state, whether masticated, employed to cure or as part of a ritual, is a harmless, traditional manner of using the leaf. Drug trafficking is a problem for the producer nations because it involves a new form of economic, political and social aggression by the capitalist system. It maintains and reinforces a dependent relationship with consumer nations, and requires the economic and political subjugation of the producer nations. The clandestine nature of drug trafficking has contributed to the extremely inhumane working conditions for those involved. It has created a social sector which is virtually enslaved. Additionally, the production and trafficking of drugs in the producer nations is encouraging the use of these drugs locally. In light of the dramatic differences between coca and cocaine, it is necessary to change the course of "drug war" policies. The present policies of the consumer nations constitute a direct aggression against the coca producing farmers, namely the Indigenous populations of the Andes. These policies do not represent an effective means of interdiction because they are based on the premise that coca cultivation is at the root of the problem, which is clearly not the case. To lash out against Indigenous farmers is certainly easier, less costly and more prudent than combating the drug traffickers whose origins lie in Western culture. SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4 (December 1990) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coca and Cocaine - as Different as Grape is from Wine (Coca) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Coca and Cocaine - as Different as Grape is from Wine (Coca) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 5, Nos. 3 _ 4 (26).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5ac922a0e9d1c28befc2c8ca71abab5b.pdf f192bda625fd5a5ba613f2f2c66ddebe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 3 _ 4 (24-25).pdf PDF Text Text gs coca in their cheeks. With it they sang hymns of gods. They made a rebellious earth produce ni'le"!l~rprohibits it, these people will respond with the oca has been the object of debate since the Spanish invasion in the XVI century. It originated in Antisuyo, the rainforest region now considered part of Peru and Bolivia. From this region coca spread, thousands of years ago, to the Andean region. The discovery of pouches full of coca and packets of llijta (a lime mixture which is taken with the coca leaves) in gravesites ten centuries old, confirms assertions that coca use constitutes a long-standing tradition in the region. The use of coca was widespread by the time of the European invasion of the Americas and there were no known laws prohibiting its use. During the colonial era, when coca was identified by the dominant Spanish class as an essential factor in the rituals of Andean culture, it was perceived as an evil herb which needed to be eliminated in order to assure the salvation of the Indigenous people 's souls. Presently, attempts to prohibit the use and cultivation of coca are the consequence of the growing illicit use of cocaine, which has wrongly been identified with the coca leaf, from which it is derived. The opposition to the use of the coca leaf is based on the supposition that the coca leaf is a narcotic drug. There is no evidence of this whatsoever. Nevertheless this assumption has been used by the oligarchy in their efforts to repress Indigenous people. The view that the coca leaf is a narcotic drug from which Indigenous people must be protected, is a notion steeped in paternalism, viewing the Indian as incapable of making his /her own decisions. Such an attitude constitutes yet another attempt to destroy the structures and values of Andean culture and Westernize the Indigenous population. Coca is an essential component of the social web and human solidarity in the Andean world. It is used at ceremonies following strict social rules. Coca does not 24 produce harmful effects, nor the social decomposition associated with alcohol use in western social groups. With respect to social relationships, coca is used as an offering which signifies friendship and generosity. The act of sharing coca with other persons is a very important occurrence which seals the fraternal bonds of mutual trust among the participants. "When people care about each other, they invite each other to chew coca. First we chew it a little and thank each other; then we begin to chat" (Ataliano Perez). 'We women have always participated in these rituals. All of us women form a group to chew the coca and to make offerings to Pachamama (Mother Earth), along with the men, because this has been the custom since long ago" (Serafina Cusipoma). On the other hand there is no other remedy with as many nor as vast an array of uses and high efficacy as the coca leaf. In this respect, coca is one of the most outstanding components of popular medicine. It has become indispensable in sustaining the physical and emotional well-being of the Andean person. "Coca is used for just about every sickness. When the stomach hurts, we make a coca leaf tea. It is also used for cramping and swelling. It is very effective in warding off the cold and for curing snake bites. Pregnant women benefit from coca. When it is applied to a wound, the blood stops flowing immediately." (Ines Limachi, Macedonio Mendes, Demetrio Verduguez) Studies of the chemical composition of the leaf have demonstrated that it contains significant quantities of vitamins A, Bl, B2, and C, as well as iron and calcium. All of these vitamins and minerals are necessary to maintaining a healthy diet. In high Andean regions, vegetables and fresh fruits are scarce, making coca's contribution to the diet all the more important. Thus, it can be concluded that the factors which have motivated the prohibition of coca over the past five centuries are not due to problems existing in SAIIC Newsletter �the Andean culture. Nevertheless, the conflict with western culture has triggered the prohibition of coca, a measure reflecting the interests of the dominant classes and certainly not those of the Andean peoples. Coca has been used in the Andes for about 4,000 years, despite continuous reprisals against those engaged in coca use and cultivation during the last 500 years. Those who support the abolition of the coca leaf, view themselves as saviors of the Andean inhabitants. The reality is that they are attempting to free themselves of a particularly western problem: cocaine addiction. This assumes that the Indian is a defenseless child, needing protection from himself. Once again, "integration" without respect for Indian culture is the goal. In fact, this is an effort to destroy the Indigenous culture under the pretext of "progress" and "civilization" in a manner similar to that of five centuries ago, when deep cultural values differing from those of the invading civilization, were ruthlessly attacked in the name of Christianity. The cross has now been replaced by the banner of progress, development and the "war on drugs." This latest assault constitutes one of the worst cultural aggressions in history and has been carried out consciously, without even the excuse of ignorance used retrospectively by the Spanish to disguise the crimes surrounding their invasion. In 1962 the Geneva Convention resolved to eradicate coca cultivation within the next 25 years. This resolution is a violation of the right to free choice of entire peoples and cultures. Furthermore, since this resolution was passed, nothing has been added to the body of knowledge about coca which indicates that the manner in which it has been utilized by the Andean people is damaging to their health and would warrant such radical, unjust, repressive and farreaching legislation. However, in the same way that a culture cannot be altered by the simple passage of a repressive law, the signing of a decree and the implementation of eradication plans which ignore the reality of the Andean people will not be successful in terminating coca use in the Andes. We should ask ourselves seriously if the utopic goal of eliminating drug addiction in the United States justifies cultural aggression against the Andean people. The question should also be asked as to whether eliminating coca in the Andes is going to resolve the problem or simply motivate the international drug traffickers to switch to some other drug, equally desirable to the nation's youth in their quest to escape reality. Meanwhile, the Andean people will be left, having born the brunt of brutal physical and cultural assault on their population. Ralph Bolton from the Anthropological Institute of the University of Trondheim stated back in 1979: international agencies which favor this line of action in combating the drug problem in the United States and Europe. These agencies do not take into account the rights of millions of Indigenous people in the Andes for whom the coca leaf is a sacred and integral part of their daily lives. The decisions adopted by politicians and bureaucrats of diverse nationalities, attempting to ban the use of coca, are a violation of the basic rights of the Quechua and Aymara peoples who wish to maintain their cultures, practice their religions, conserve their identities, and protect their health; that is to say, exercise their right to biological and cultural survival. The coca eradication program, judged by its effects, is a form of ethnocide. (Bolton, R.,1979) Recently, the U.S. has launched an international campaign targeting drug trafficking and focusing on the media in order to influence the public and promote the dominant culture's ideology. This campaign seeks to pressure the producer nations. Military actions have been launched in these countries under the pretext of combating the drug problem. Such was the case in Bolivia in 1986 when the U.S. occupied the nation in an operation dubbed BOL-USA. At present the U.S. has installed military bases in the Peruvian jungle using the same pretext. The true goal of these activities, however, is to establish strategic control zones in areas considered "low-intensity conflict'' zones, as well as in those regions where U.S. interests face imminent danger. In February of 1990, the governments of Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and the U.S met in Cartagena, Colombia, to organize a plan of action against the narcotrafficking industry. While the U.S. insists on "militarization," the coca producing nations have attempted to establish a more integrated development plan. Indian people have been noticeably absent from all of these discussions. Nevertheless, there is no evidence today of a reduction in coca producing activities. Similarly, drug trafficking has continued unabated, and the drug traffickers have not been prosecuted. Since the U.S Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) began operating in Bolivia, the area under cultivation for coca has multiplied a minimum of three times. Likewise, drug trafficking operations now involve capital over five times superior to that of pre-DEA operations in Bolivia. Considering these results, it would appear that the actual mission of this agency is the exact opposite of that which it claims to be. Foreign pressure on the Andean governments to declare the use and production of coca leaves illegal, has intensified lately. These pressures are the result of measures taken by the North American and VoiS Nos3&4 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4 (December 1990) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coca: Symbol of 500 Years of Resistance in the Andes: The Sacred Leaf and the "War on Drugs" Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Coca: Symbol of 500 Years of Resistance in the Andes: The Sacred Leaf and the "War on Drugs" Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 5, Nos. 3 _ 4 (24-25).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/18659f14403d01c92d8c74e96be6d99c.pdf 82b8ccc28cb02a36458a5261e564a57a PDF Text Text --R I GHTS HUMAN Cocaleras Take to La Paz! A 350-mile March to Demand Human Rights in Bolivia bolll five hundred QuechuaAymara women organized a 350-mile march from the Chap.1re (a coca (Erychroxylum coca) producing area) to La Paz. Bolivias cap· ita!. The women marchers entered the capital on january 18, 1996, thirty days after having left from the upper reaches of the Amazon basin. Their main purpose was to demand that the Bolivian governmenl of Presidem Sllnchez de Lozada respect and enforce human rights in their home region, since abus- A es against the women and their families. also known as cocaleros. have increased recently. It was the first time organized 1ndigeoous·peas.·ml women From lhe coca areas marched to La Paz to discuss coca-related policies that affect them and their comm1.1nitics. Coca: Spiritual, yet Demonized Coca, the raw material for the production of cocaine, is a native crop to the area. It was first made illegal by the Vienna Convention of 1961. However, due to strong Indigenous resistance (coca holds ancient spiritual and cultur· al value for the Indigenous peoples who cultivate it), Bolivian officials agreed on a depenalized status. Ritual consumption and cultivation or coca has been allowed since that time by the Vienna Convention of 1988. However, due to the uncontrollable status of cocaine exports and consumption abroad. gov- ernments have demonized coca leaves. condemning the product and pressing for eradication. Surprisingly. here in the US, the well known writer 'A~IIiam F. Buckley Jr. recently reactivated the debate over legalization or dntgs in the jou.rrt.•l National Review. The fact is that consumption or dntgs in general, and not only or cocaine. has been steadily rising in the US and Europe. A possible answer, Buckley stresses. lies in legalization. (William F. Buckley Jr.• "The War Vol. 10 No.1 on Drugs is Lost" National Review, Vol XLVIU No.2, February 12. 1996: 34-48). War on Drugs or People? In the same way that the War on Drugs is perceived by policy makers as a failure, above all in the US, Indigenous peasants are not convinced by the long line of ~hemtuives to coca cultivation. Chapare Indigenous peas.•nts indirectly answer to foreign demand-the "consumption side," in rhe US and Europe. whic-h is almost never discussed. From the point or view of states, coca harvests must be condemned as the main regarding the implementation or alternative development projects in the area. The Women'S Cocalera March received massive suppon from: the pub· lie. A)o11ara leader Cristina M:\rquez. who represented the COS (Bolivian Workers Union) during the march. said the "women are clearly struggling against the neoliberal model" led by President Sanchez. Ximena lturralde and Lidia Katari, first L"ld)' and vice President CArdenas' wife. respo::ctively, agreed tO analyze the demands of the cocaleras in order to better understand their situation. providers of raw material for cocaine UMOPAR: Spreading Terror in the Coca Regions US embassy in La Paz has cominuall)' processed outside their domains. The pressured the Bolivian govemment for complete eradication or coca fields. However, there has been a general fail· ure to demonstrate the economic viabil· ity or altemative development projectS, or alternative agriculture. Ox:altros are trapped in a never-ending profit cycle A sharp condemnation or UMOPAR, a specialized anti-dn•g anned "nit. was voiced by Quechua leader Silvia 1.azarte. "For us [cocalerasl there is no life,justice. peace nor tranquillity in the coca fields... we continue to suffer sys· based on coca harvests that continue to about this. • she stated. This coincides with a recent Human Rights Wacch Americas report which analyzes the human impacts of the War on Dmgs: "The resources possessed by Bolivian tematic abuses. v~l e want you to think guarantee their income. and thus their survival. As part or the march. the cocaleras clearly addressed the fact that crimina.lization or coca has spelled disaster for antinarcotics forces are too few: too few the Indigenous peasants of Chapar:e. men too poorly equipped are being The state militarized the area. which asked. on the one hand, to battle wellthey denounced as a violation of their entrenched drug traffickers funded by human rights. In addition. the women immense profits. On the other hand, ma.rchers demanded the cessation or they are being asked to control the eradication of coca fields. compensation thousa.n ds or poor po::ople who labor at for Indigenous po::asants who were killed the lowest end of the drug production or have been physically disabled due to pyramid ... This law enforcement effon. police bnuality in the area, government moreover. is conducted in the absence support for initiatives seeking viable of institutions and traditions that hold altematlvc development, lcg.1.l protec- public agents accountable for their own tion for union leaders who represent adherence to laws protecting civilians Indigenous peasants in the coca areas, from abuse." (July 1995. Vol. 7. No.8. page 38). ~ the decriminalization and commercial· ization of coca leaf nationally and internationally~ and government account· ability for agreements signed in 1994 (Compiled with information from the &>livian National Newspaper; Presencia) 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 1 (Spring 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cocaleras Take to La Paz! Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1996 Spring 1996 Language A language of the resource English, Spanish English Zotero Title Cocaleras Take to La Paz! Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 10 Issue 1 1 Pages 31 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1996 Language English, Spanish English Abstract Note Five hundred Quechua Aymara women march 350 miles to La Paz, Bolivia to demand that Bolivian president, President Sllnchez, enforce human rights in their home region. Attachment Title abyayala_v10_n1_p31.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia Human Rights Quechua Aymara women Sanchez de Lozada Gonzalo https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5cd58f0888a250f0fe45329ff99bd834.pdf a3cf805ba17402dadc5472612cfe5ce2 PDF Text Text South American Indian Information Center (SAIIC) PrJ Sc,, .I'.J'.JO, Gerkei::-:,~, California 94707- USA Phone:' 415-521-2779 :_.:.·:·:, We extend a welcome to all our friends who have an interest in receiving information about Central and South America. With this issue, we are initiating a bi-monthly bulletin in English containing summaries of information which we receive regarding Indian issues from Indian sources within South America. In this first issue, we include informatin from various countries, which will be amplified in forthcoming issues. Also from time to time, we will send out emergency bulletins about events in South America that affect Indian people. The committee of SAIIC welcomes you and looks forward to our continued communication. Our office is located at Intertribal Friendship House, 523 E. 14th st., Oakland, California and our mailing address is P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, California, 94707. Working Commission Reports: .second Conference of Indian Nations and Organizations of South America, Tiwanaku, Bolivia. March 6-13, 1983. With this publication, SAIIC initiates a series of publications containing information received from South American Indian sources in order to reach English-speaking readers throughout the world. We depend on your valuable collaboration in order to continue to maintain open communication, which will bring us together in a dialogue of solidarity focusing on the problems we face today, and our aspirations for the future.--Nilo Cayuqueo, Coordinator of SAIIC. ** Special thanks to Ester rlernandez who designed the SAIIC logo.** ECUADOR The different Indian organizations in Ecuador have found it necessary to create a coalition organization to present a united front against continual government policies prejucicial towards Indian people. The Second Meeting of the Indigenous Peoples and Organizations of Ecuador took place in Quito from April 11-14, 1984. In his opening speech, the coordinator of the meeting, Manuel Imbaquingo, remarked that despite the racism and conflicts that Indians suffer, the meeting represents an advance in the Indian struggle against external exploitation. COLOMBIA The federation of Indian Communities of the Cauca (CRICl are being harassed by the Colombian army in the army's .struggle against the guerrilla movement JY\-19. Several Indian organizations, including CISA, have deplored the army's repressive actions a- �THREATEN YANOMAM!, SANEMA, ANU Y[KUANA IN VENlli~LA yove;rrment of Ver.ezuela continues to grant mininrd rignts r)r, lr-.dbr1 l;;~r1rJ. ii~o;c;;rltly renewable twenty year exclusive rights of mineral exploratin and extraction over 2250 square kilometers of Yanomami territory at the headwaters of the Orinoco river have been given by the government to the MAVAC.A. corporation. This governmental action was carried out without consulting the Yanomami, nor with consideration of ancestral territorial rights of the Yanomami. In exchange for these mining rights, MAVAC.A. will contribute $75.00 a month to the regional hospital and $750 annually to the Salesian mission school. The 13,500 Yanomami in southern Venezuela are one of the largest groups in the Amazon. For the past four years, they have been striving to gain title to their ancestral lands; so In This Issu far unsuccessfully. The consequences of mining in their area will be grave in terms of the survival of the Yanomami because of the introduction of infectious disease, destruction of land, and threatened ethnocide and genocide. Indigenous supColombia port groups such as IWIGIA, the Anthropology Resource Center, and Cultural Survival have been important in bringing the situation of the Yanomami to the attention of the international community. ~iNES Tr1 e ---- Ec~ PERU In Peru where .over 50% of the population is Indian, national perspectives are increasingly worse. This is due to the economic crisis, and to strong repression by the government directed toward organizations representing a wide spectrum of Indian interests and groups. Also in Ayacucho, in the southeastern part of the country where the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path guerrilla organization) operates, matters are very critical. Since December, 1982 when the Peruvian military took Chile control of the Ayacucho region, 2,300 people have been killed as a result of armed activity in that area and 1500 people are listed as missing. These are the official figures; other estimates are much higher. During this past month of July, it is estimated that over fifty people, most Indians, have died in this area. Adolfo Perez Esquivel, Argentinian recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize visited Peru from May 9-ll through the sponsorship of Peace and Justice (SERPAJ) of which he is the Latin American coordinator. On May 9th he led a march for solidarity for peace in Ayacucho during which he called for a stop to the genocide and ethnocide of indigenous people in southern Peru and all parts of the world. The Tupac Amaru Indian Movement (MITA) which includes a dozen Indian Organizations, has announced it will run candidates and present issues in the forthcoming elections of / � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring 1984) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colombia Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1984 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Vol. 1, No. 1 (Columbia) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Volume 1 No. 1 (1-2).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note The Colombian army is harassing the CRIC. Issue 1 Language English Pages 1-2 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Colombia CRIC https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/97e6ec71784eaf32092f2cb4dc2a7e00 d7c95729e35b5884bed65b9c9d970204 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, no. 4 (5).pdf PDF Text Text 1 tuvieron mv:ru>lCln de su continente, pese a la política de exterminio de los actuales colonizadores que oretenden eliminar culturalmente y físicamente a poblaciones motge1nas. En tal en más de 5 mil desfilaron por las calles de la ciudad para demostrar su repudio a la política del gobierno, exigiendo las demarcaciones físicas de las comarcas indígenas; leyes nacionales que garanticen los títulos de propiedad colectiva de las tierras; el reconocimiento de un Estado plurinacional, pluricultural y plurilingüe en la Constitución Nacional; el desalojo inmediato de los colonos dentro de las comarcas y tierras de las propiedades colectivas indígenas; la implementación de programas para la protección del medio ambiente. Lo más de este acontecimiento es la reafirmación de la identidad indigena, por lo cual los gobiernos hispanohablantes no pudieron celebrar con júbilo la llegada de sus antepasados. Con el mismo espíritu, el gobierno de Endarn quizo someter al voto de Asamblea Legislativa que ell2 de octubre se declarara Fiesta Nacional, la presencia de las nacionalidades indígenas en el territorio panameflo. Por su parte, los pueblos indígenas conmemoraron militantemente y con resistencia los 500 años en todo el continente. Estamos seguros de que el pliego de peticiones que presentó la Comisión de los 500 años de Resistencia Indígena de Panamá no será acatado por el gobierno deEndarn, ya que este gobierno no representa los intereses nacionales sino los intereses del gobierno de Estados Unidos. En eso la dirigencia indígena de Panamá salió convencida del recinto del palacio de las Garzas de que todavía le espera un largo trayecto de lucha por tanto esos 500 años son una reaflrrnación de lucha y resistencia. También estamos concientes de que tenemos que duplicar nuestros esfuerzos para consolidar nuestras organizaciones después de los 500 años. Fuente: Asociación Kuna unidos por Nabguana 1 El 8 y el 9 de octubre, recibimos las siguientes noticias por fax del Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca. En la madrugada del día 8 de octubre, en la zona de Rio Blanco, grupos de manifestantes indígenas y campesinos acababan de dialogar con el Gobierno Departamental y esperaban que la Alcaldía Municipal fijara el sitio de concentración para su marcha, una de las manifestaciones continentales en tomo a los 500 al'los de Resistencia. Sin embargo, los manifestantes fueron brutalmente atropellados por unidades del ejército y la policía nacional que de esta manera flagrante violaron los pactos finnados. Los manifestantes estaban inarmes y protestaban pacfficamente contra los 500 años de invasión al continente Americano; con una lista de exigencias especfficas que abarcaban la vida y derechos humanos, la defensa de los derechos naturales y la identidad cultural, además del bienestar social (educación, salud y vivienda). En un intento de desmoralización e intimidación, se disparó en contra de ellos y se les arrolló con vehículos pesados, lo que causó muchos contusos y heridos. En la madrugada del día 9, hubo otro intento de desalojo de los manifestantes con disparos y el uso de gases lacrimógenos. Hubo muchos heridos, quince de ellos tan graves que fueron llevados al hospital. Los manifestantes continuaron resistiendo pacfficamente, reclamando que el gobierno cesara sus hostilidades y solicitando la vía del diálogo. Mientras el gobierno justifica su agresión diciendo que los manifestantes no querían negociar, tres dirigentes ind1genas , Jesús Avirama, Jesúes Pinacue y Daniel Pinacue, que habían sido nominados para negociar una solución pacífica al conflicto, fueron detenidos, golpeados y desaparecidos por la fuerza pública, que niega conocer sus paraderos. Al principio el gobierno había reconocido que las manifestaciones de protesta eran legales y consagradas en la Constitución Nacional. Pero después cambió y respaldó una órden de desalojo de la Carretera Panamericana y otras vías. Para este propósito, acusó falsamente que las acciones de protesta habían sido promovidas por los grupos guerrilleros. .:::¡{:: \ ( ..:!¡.¡¡; Internacional y SAIIC difundiendo llamados se escriban cartas de gobierno Colombiano. las cartas se pueden dirigir Señor Presidente César Gaviria Trujillo Presidente la República Palado de Nariño Santa de Bogotá, Colombia 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 4 (Noviembre 1992) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colombia - Maanifestaciones Pacificas Atacadas por la Fuerzas del Gobierno (500 Anos de Lucha) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 1992 Zotero Title Colombia - Maanifestaciones Pacificas Atacadas por la Fuerzas del Gobierno (500 Anos de Lucha) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, no. 4 (5).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language Spanish Pages 5 Publication Title Noticias de Abya Yala Volume 6 Colombia Protest