33 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/8fedb00a05eba71d59384c0733ad762f.pdf 547610e91a01bb97022543a25869eb1a PDF Text Text sAne N E WS L E T T E R South American Indian Information Center (SAIIC) P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, California 94707 - USA Phone 415-521-2779 Dear Sisters and Brothers, Thank you for your interest and support! We appreciate your correspondence. We also welcome those who are reading the SAIIC Newsletter for the first time. As you will see, our goal is to facilitate the exchange of information among Indians and others interested in Indian issues in South, Central, and North America by providing summaries in English of news we receive from the non-English speaking areas of the Americas. As an all-volunteer organization, we are very aware of the need for collaborative effort. For those who wish to make a tax deductible donation to SAIIC (made out to the American Friends Service Committee), your contribution will be greatly appreciated and will go to further SAIJC projects, including our newsletter, radio program, and occasional publications. We are curr~nt:y raising funds to =pon~or the vi2it af S0fi3 Painqueo; R t~Rrlitional singer and active participant in AD-Mapu in Chile. Also, we urge those who haven't subscribed yet to the newsletter to do so. Sincerely, The SAIIC Committee ****************************** ARGENTINA Nilo Cayuqueo, Coordinator of SAIIC, has just returned from South America, where he intended to visit Indian communities in and Chile. Due to an unexpected wait in Argentina to renew his the latter part of the trip had to be canceled. Following is his Argentina. a trip to. Argentina passport, report 011 In Argentina, which together with Chile forms the southern part of the American continent, there are 13 different Indian nations which include Vol. 1, no. 3. Wi~ter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 1 �approximately 700,000 of the 28 million people who live in Argentina. The largest nations are the Kalla (approximately 250,000), living in Jujuy and Salta provinces uy the Bolivian border; the Tobas (approximately 80,000), living in the Chaco and provinces bordering Paraguay; and the Formosa Mapuche (approximately 150,000), living in Neuquen, Rio Negro, and Chubut provinces near Chile. During the military dictatorship, which took power in 1976 and lasted until its forced retreat in 1983 after losing the war over the Malvinas, the basic human rights of Indian peoples worsened. A large part of their land was seized and harsh repression was imposed on the leaders who protested. At the present there are six Indians who have "disappeared." It is believed that they were killed along with thousands of other people In 1982, nine Chanes Indian children from Salta died of starvation. Likewise, five Mapuche elders in the southern province of Neuquen died of cold and hunger last winter. With the return of democracy, Indian people have begun to organize once more. Several regional conferences have been held and federations have begun to form. Last November, the Diaguita-Calchaqui Congress was held in the northern province of Tucuman. Many peopled attended, supported also by worker and peasant organizations. At the request of the Indian organizations, the Senate has approved a general law for Indian people. This is the first time in Argentine history that Indian people have been publicly recognized as living legally in communities. Indians have also taken back part of their land which had been usurped by landowners and the military. The law will be voted on by the House of Representatives in March, 1985. Indian people have never had titles to their lands or the right to live in traditional communities. After the so-called "War for Independence," the criollos (Spanishdescended Arg~ntines) took power and created the political boundaries of the provinces as they appear today. The different Republican governments that followed, along with the landholders and the military, forced the Indian people off their lands, much as in the United States when the European population spread west. Today in Argentina most For example, in the Indians have only small parcels of land which cannot sustain them. southern province of Neuquen, where many Mapuche live, the army now owns a large farm called Pulmari which was formed from Indian lands. Since the army's latest acquisitions in 1979, this farm now totals 50,000 hectares. Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 2 �Generallv speaking, in Indian communities in Argentina today native language~ are still spoken, but in the schools the official language has always been Spanish. Indian religious ceremonies are still practiced, but Christian religious sectors try to destroy Indian culture by discrediting these ceremonies, saying that they are acts of the devil. These religious groups are backed by the local authorities and landholders, because the Christianity that they follow is that of not resisting injustice. They move the Indians off the land and use them as cheap labor under working conditions no different from slavery. While in Argentina, I had several meetings with Indian leaders from organizations such as Parcialidades Tobas (northeast), Federacion Diaguita-Calchaqui (north), Nehuen Mapu (Mapuches from the south), and Centro Kalla and Asociation Indigena in Buenos Aires. They expressed to me a great interest in coming in contact with Indian people from North America in order to exchange experiences. All Argentine Indian organizations will participate in a conference Discrimination in the Americas" which will be held in Buenos Aires in June, event has been organized by the World Council of Churches. on "Racial 1985. This CHILE About one million of the 11 million people who live _._,, Chile are Mapuche Indians. Many live in traditional communities in the bountiful rural area south of Santiago. They have been subject to serious violations of their human rights since the military government was installed under General Pinochet in the bloody coup in 1973. In their struggle to resist the military, the Mapuche have become the vanguard of the campesino (peasant) population. Their demands include the right to their ancestral lands, the right to maintain and develop their culture, language, and traditions, and the right to decide their own destiny. I'IU!Ui r f!UULI if./1'1 Ufl.u f)Fi!l'/.0 Iii:! /i/1/'!i/0 //!.l!li/UU! 1984 was a year of 11 despojo 11 (plunder) and severe repression against the Mapuche people. Mapuche leaders were arrested and beaten by the local police on several occasions. In January of 1984, a young Mapuche student was found assissinated, supposedly by the Alianza Chilena Anticomunista. Later this same paramilitary organization threatened the lives of all members of AD-Mapu, an organization which represents the Mapuche people. Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 3 �Last D~cember, one of the members of AD-Mapu gave a moving presentation on the current situation of the Mapuche people to the U.N. Special Rapporteur for Chile. Part of this presentation follows: 11 The Pinochet regime has implemented, since the beginning, an open and s.ystematic policy of racial discrimination and genocide against the Mapuche people. This has been in the form of killings, arrests, exile, and disappearances of many members and leaders of the Mapuche communities from different regions of the country. This is generally unknown to organizations committed to human rights investigations. 11 We want to call the attention of human rights organizations to the Mapuche situation. In order to do this, it is important to keep in mind the vision of the cosmos and the cultural values of the Mapuche, which are not generally considered in reports. 11 We would like to point out that the Mapuches have a SACRED and COLLECTIVE concept of the earth and all it produces. There are no concepts like private property, commercial value, or constantly changing technology that industrial societies have. The religious and sacred dimensions have a global and general quality in Mapuche culture. To alter any aspect of Mapuche culture is to alter the sacred spirituality of Mapuche people. "Traditionally, for the Mapuche the earth is part of life itself and it also has a sacred dimension which encompasses the existence and culture as a whole of Mapuche society. 11 With this in mind, it is easy to see the vast damage caused to the spirit of the Mapuche people by the division of sacred and collective land. The consequences are unpredictable for the future of the culture of this people. 11 In documents recently issued by the AD-Mapu Mapuche organization, the current situation of the Mapuche people is characterized as the most critical in history. This is based on the weaking of social and cultural unity as a direct consequence of the arbitrary and unjust division of Indian communities. INDAP (Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Agropecuario) representatives, with no consideration of the legitimate rights of the community, grant land titles to the OCCUPANTS, whether or not they have rights to the land. Many times these titles are granted to nonMapuche individuals and landholders. "When Decree Law 2568 was written in 1979, 2,066 Indian reservations covering 375,000 hectares existed within the 8th and Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 4 �1Uth regions. According to INDAP, by late 1983, 1,365 reservations totaling 235,000 hectares had been divided. This means that only 701 reservations have not yet been divided. • . . "The implementation of this law has meant that several thousand Mapuches have robbed of their lands and have been left without territorial rights. been "One of the immediate effects which can be see by the implementation of this new law is the severe social and ~conomic situation. There is a high percentage of unemployment, hunger, and misery in all communities, both those which have been divided and those which have not. This is leading towards a situation of racial explosion of unforeseeable consequences, caused by the neglect, discrimination, and repression suffered during these years of military rule." Mapuche Film A film called Marri-Chihueu (Ten Times, We Will Overcome), in which the Mapuche give their testimony to the world, is now being made in 16mm and video. It presents the life, culture, and current reality of the Mapuche Nation, but it has not yet been completed due to lack of funds. If you would like to collaborate in any way, please write to: The Mapuche Film Project, 135 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11238. Juan Neculqueo We would like to thank all those who were concerned about and collaborated with Juan Neculqueo, the Mapuche leader who was being sought by the military government of Chile (see our last newsletter). Juan spent some time in Panama but was denied visas to both Canada and the U.S. Through the assistance of SAIIC and other organizations, he is now exiled· in Argentina under the sponsorship of the Centro Kalla. Juan is expecting his family to join him there and sends his thanks to all who, th~ough SAIIC, have helped him. BRAZIL Contemporary scholars estimate that 500 years ago, before the European invasion of the New World, there were as many as 5 million people living in the Amazon basin in South America. The first Europeans to explore the Amazon River described sections where for mile after mile after mile the densely-clustered homes of the indigenous residents lined the river's banks. Today Brazilian Indians estimate their numbers at 200,000 people, organ- Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 5 �ized into about 150 tribes scattered throughout the country, some 115 of 1~om retain their non-European language. Ciseas8s ar,o the demands of European-style economic enterprises have reduced the indigenous population to a mere three or four per cent of its original total. Most of the news reaching SAIIC about Indians in Brazil during the last year centers on two topics, the continuing struggle to cqntrol their lands and their increasing success in joining the widely-scattered, linguistically-diverse Indian groups together for political action. Among the major events of 1984 were: ® The Second Meeting of Indian Leadership, held in Brasilia in April. Organized independently of FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs, the meeting resulted in the creation of the Indian Council of the Union of Indigenous Nations (Uniao das Nacoes Indigenas--UNI), with representatives from 44 Indian peoples. ® The appearance of Jornal Indigena, published by UNI, which contains news on the organization and Indian people from throughout Brazil. Direct correspondence to Jornal Indigena; Rua Caiubi, 126; Perdizes 05010; Sao Paulo, S.P., Brasil. ® An assembly of Guarani and other indigenous people in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, November 24-25, to mark the first anniversary of the assassination of Marcal de Souza and press Indian demands for control of their land. In a letter to the president of FUNAI, the assembly gave the government until April 30, 1985, to act on their demands, after which the Indians will 11 go ahead and set our own boundaries." ® The replacement of the non-Indian director of the Xingu homeland by an Indian after pressure from Indian groups living in the area. URGENT ACTION BULLETIN from Survival International, 29 Craven St., London, WC2N 5NT, England: "Isolated Indians of the Javari valley of western Brazil have been involved in violent clashes with petroleum prospectors invading their lands. Several people have Following the killings, the oil prospectors withdrew been killed in these encounters. from the region only to recommence their seismic surveys in another Indian area." The Catholic missionary organization CIMI has been active in denouncing oil prospecting in this area and pressuring FUNAI to take a more positive role regarding indigenous rights. Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 6 �PERU The violence in Peru continues to escalate, and Indian people, along with many others, suffer; those who are on the political left, those on the right, and the vast majority who find themselves caught in a dilemma where survival for themselves and their families is their primary goal. Letters we receive from Indian friends living in small communities and cities in Peru tell us of fear of the future and great economic insecurity. One of the effects of violence centered in the highlands has been an acceleration of migration to coastal cities, particularly the metropolitan Lima area. Like many South American cities, the population of Lima has increased phenomenally, from about 400,000 in 1930 to over 4,608,000 in 1981. Well over half of the population of Lima now consists of migrants from the highlands, and the vast majority of these people are of Indian ancestry. Thus, another indigenous reality takes place in an urban context. Now, many peale from communities in the highlands have fled the violence there to take refuge with family members living in the city, most often in the Pueblos Jovenes, neighborhoods built through the efforts of those who live there, and often called squatter settlements or shanty bJwns. These additional migrants are putting a strain on the already scarce resources of relatives living in the city, and friends write us that many adjustments must be made to assure that everyone has enough to eat and a place to sleep. Also affected are lands, crops and stock left behind by these migrants from an internal war, further reducing the food and agricultural resources available. This displacement of communities and the loss of land is only one other short term tesult of the current violence in Peru. Indians wonder what the long term effects will be, as well as the institutionalized violence that may result. Ashaninka-Campa Abel Chapay Miguel, president of FECONACA (Federacion de Comunidades CampasAshaninkas) writes that a total of 31 native communities in the area of the Rio Ene and In December of 1984 titles were Rio Tambo have received titled to community lands. given to eleven more communities and work is proceeding to finalize these land issues. FECONACA works with OCARE (Organizacion Campa del Rio Ene-Apurimac) and CART (Central Ashaninka del Rio Tambo) as member organizations of TOAK (Central Unida de las Organizaciones Campas). This federation unites Ashaninka-Campa communities found in these three river valleys. Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 7 �BOLIVIA Indian organizations in South America mourn the death of Zenobia Ayala, who was a During his 43 years Zenobia was founding member and active participant in MITKA-1. involved in the Bolivian Indian movement, both as a strategist and an activist. An editorial in the CISA newsletter comments, "We will have your example to continue the struggle for the rights of our people." COLOMBIA In the Cauca region of Colombia there is an ongoing struggle over land between indigenous communities and those who use the land for growing sugar cane. Clashes between indigenous communities, hacendados and government forces have resulted in many deaths. In a recent letter to President Betancur of Colombia, Trino Morales, president of ONIC (Drganizacion Nacional de Indigenas de Colombia, Apartado Aereo 32395, Bogota, Colombia), stated: "Today we wish t~ live in reace, not at war. We are tired of this state of seige and for that reason urge you as president to respect our culture, our officials, our autonomy and to assure us of the maintenance of our indigenous lands." NICARAGUA The peace talks between the Nicaraguan government and the Miskito Indian organization MISURASATA have been postponed. They will be held in Bogota, Colombia, on February 22. Luis Carrion, Vice-minister of the Interior, will be representing the government of Nicaragua, and Brooklin Rivera will be representing MISURASATA. These talks are facilitated by the governments of France, Sweden, Colombia, and by organizations such as the World Council of Indigenous Cultural Survival. Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Mexico, Peoples and and Page 8 �****************************** U.N. COMMISSION The 41st Session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights will be held in Geneva, Switzerland, Feb. 4 through March 15, 1985. All the official member countries of the commission will be attending to give testimony on human rights violations. The primary issues of concern are human rights violations in South Africa, Central America, and Arab territories. There will be a special emphasis on religious freedom and the situation in Chile. Various sub-commission member 'countries and non-governmental organizations such as the International Indian Treaty Council, the World Council of Indigenous Peoples, the South American Indian Council, and the Regional Indian Council of Central America will be participating. SOFIA PAINQUEO Sofia Painqueo, a Mapuche from Chile, will be visiting the United States during March under the sponsorship of the Institute of Policy Studies (1901 Que Street, Northwest, Washington, D~ 20009). She will be singing traditional Mapuche music and speaking throughout the United States on the. history and current situation of the Mapuche in Chile. From March 19-27 she will be in northern California, hosted by SAIIC in the Bay Area and by CASA (128 Pearl Alley, Santa Cruz, CA 95060) in Santa Cruz. Since 1979, Sofia has helped to promote the establishment of the Mapuche cultural centers which were precursors to the Mapuche organization AD-Mapu. While living. in Santiago, Sofia worked with other Mapuche to form a group which coordinated their activities with AD-Mapu. She says, "I have been especially active in organizing artistic events which reaffirm the Mapuche identity. We have performed in shanty towns and churchs. I performed also at the Fourth Assembly of Indigenous Peoples in Panama in September, 1984, as a representative of Mapuche women." For information regarding Sofia's visit or her Institute for Policy Studies or SAIIC. Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. speaking ®SAIIC. schedule, contact the Page 9 �Yah teeh (Greetings) Brothers and Sisters, As a North American Indian and a member of the Dineh (Navajo) Nation, I welcome Sophia to the United States or to the indigenous homeland of many tribal people. Her friends look foreward to her arrival and hope her visit will be a most enjoyable and successful one. May the Great Spirit be with her in her work for her people. Peace and harmony, James Muneta VIDEOS SAIIC has been visited by Alvaro Vasquez, a member of the Asemblea del Pueblo Zapoteco in Oaxaca, Mexico, who showed videos taped in various Zapotec communities by community members. He discussed the need for indigenous peoples to continue to build a strong network of direct communication, emphasizing in this instance the usefulness of video as a medium that combines visual images and sound. Maria-Helene Laroque who lives in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, and works with the Dene and other indigenous cow~unities, tells us that video is used in communities there. Several SAIIC members saw a work-in-progress version of the Mapuche video Marri-Chihueu described earlier in this newsletter. We would like to hear from readers who are using video or who could lend support to indigenous video efforts. COMPUTER NETWORKING For information about computer networking among indigenous people, contact: Indigenous Peoples Network Research Center, P.O. Box 364, Rochester, Vermont 05767. SAIIC RADIO PROGRAM Tawna Sanchez (Shoshone-Bannock), International Indian Treaty Council delegate, on "south American Indian Update" (KPFA in Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. ®SAIIC. Page 10 �Berkeley, 9o.1 FM, first Friday of each month, 8:00PM), discussing her participation in the New Song Festival in Quito, Ecuador: "This trip was a real eye opener. I was taken to a community. They talked to me about their struggles, trying to keep ahold of what land they have as a native people. Just like ours. Their struggle is our struggle. The same thing." "South American Indian Update, 11 broadcast throughout Northern California, is hosted by SAIIC and produced by Pat Collins for KPFA as part of the series "Living on Indian Time." LISTEN IN! ****************************** NEWSLETTER To receive the SAIIC Newsletter.f~· qne year, please send a donation of $5.00. - : . and to remain on our mailing list, ~. WORKING COMMISSION REPORTS ~; To order a copy of the Work~~~ Commission Reports: Second Conference of Indian Nations and Organizations of South America. Tiwanaku, Bolivia, published by SAIIC, 1984, please send a donation of $3.00. TENGO CASA PROPIA To order this book by Susan Lobo, published by the Instituto de Estudios Peruanas (1984), send a check for $11.00. All proceeds from sales are for SAIIC projects. Please make out all checks, which are tax deductible, to: American Friends Service Committee/The South American Indian Information Center, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA, 94707, U.S.A. Special thanks for production assistance to: The Vanguard Foundation, The American Friends Service Committee, The Bay Area Indian Lutheran Ministry, Bobsey Draper, George Tinker, and the SAIIC Committee: Pete Hammer, Peggy Lowry, Anna Lugo, Maria Massolo, James Muneta, and Jo Tucker. Nilo Cayuqueo, SAIIC Coordinator Vol. 1, no. 3. Winter, 1985. Published bi-monthly. Susan Lobo, Publications Editor ®SAIIC. Page 11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 3 (Winter 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thank You for Your Interest and Support Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Vol. 1, No. 3 (Winter 1985) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Volume 1 No. 3.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 3 Language English Volume 1 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Abstract Note SAIIC committee thanks supporters for their continued interest in their newsletter. Pages 1 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/6cabc60038bab3de428b8500754bc0d3.pdf beef59eb0a7442a93b87b31de1fa6d99 PDF Text Text TENGO CASA PROPIA To order this book by Susan Lobo, published by the Instituto de Estudios Peruanas (1984), send a check for $11.00. All proceeds from sales are for SAIIC projects. Please make out all checks, which are tax deductible, to: American Friends Service Committee/The South American Indian Information Center, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA, 94707, U.S.A. SAIIC would like to express our appreciation to Dan and Victoria Bomberry ongoing contributions to indigenous efforts, and their support of our work. Special thanks for production Friends Service Committee, The Tinker, Miguel Cavallin, Russ Anna Lugo, Maria Massolo, James for their assistance to: The Vanguard Foundation, The American Bay Area Indian Lutheran Ministry, Bobsy Draper, George Irwin and the SAIIC Committee: Pete Hammer, Peggy Lowry, Muneta, and Jo Tucker. Nilo Cayuqueo, SAIIC Coordinator Susan Lobo, Publications Editor South American Indian Information Center P.O. Box 7550 Berkeley, CA 94707 U.S.A. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 20 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Special Thanks for Production Assistance Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Special Thanks for Production Assistance Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (20).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 20 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/1311346ef7977203033d83468a5b9db1.pdf 1d12bfa750da53351895a3f32efa3d14 PDF Text Text AMAZONIA FILM Rosaines Aguirre from Colombia and Glenn Switkes, members of SAIIC, who produced the film "The Four Corners: A National Sacrifice Area?" have recently left the United States for Brazil on a pre-production and research trip in preparation for their film "Amazonia," which will focus on the situation in the Northwest Region Project area (Polonoroeste). Recent Congressional hearings in Washington have questioned the World Bank's commitment toward controlling environmental damage and invasions of indigenous peoples' lands in the Polonoroeste area. The United States government plays an important role in deciding World Bank lending policies by virtue of the fact that it holds 20% of the shares of the Bank. International concern centers around a new road being built into the Guapore Valley, in Rondonia where the Brazilian government has plans to settle 10,000 migrant families with an even larger wave of spontaneous migration expected to follow. This will threaten several reserve areas, including two Indian Parks, and the territories of the Uru-eu-wau-wau and Urupa-in Indians. FESTIVAL OF INDIAN FILMS IN MEXICO CITY The First Latin American Festival of Indigenous Peoples' Films is being organized in Mexico City for September 5-8 by the Interamerican Indigenist Institute (Instituto Indigenista Interamericano). Super 8, 16mm, and 35mm films are being solicited throughout Latin America for screening at the festival. For more information, contact Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, Insurgentes Sur no. 1690, Colonia Florida, C.P. 01030, Mexico-OF. ****************************** NEWSLETTER To receive the SAIIC Newsletter for one year, and to remain on our mailing list, please send a donation of $5.00. If your mailing label has an "M", this will be your last newsletter until we have your subscription renewal. WORKING COMMISSION REPORTS To order a copy of the Working Commission Reports: Second Conference of Indian Nations and Organizations of South America. Tiwanaku, Bolivia, published by SAIIC, 1984, please send a donation of $3.00. TAPES One hour tapes are now available of the SAIIC radio program, "Living on Time: The South American Indian Update." Each program includes news updates, views, traditional music, and more. $8.00 each. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Indian inter- Page 19 �TENGO CASA PROPIA To order this book by Susan Lobo, published by the Instituto de Estudios Peruanas (1984), send a check for $11.00. All proceeds from sales are for SAIIC projects. Please make out all checks, which are tax deductible, to: American Friends Service Committee/The South American Indian Information Center, P.O. Box 7550, Berkeley, CA, 94707, U.S.A. SAIIC would like to express our appreciation to Dan and Victoria Bomberry ongoing contributions to indigenous efforts, and their support of our work. Special thanks for production Friends Service Committee, The Tinker, Miguel Cavallin, Russ Anna Lugo, Maria Massolo, James for their assistance to: The Vanguard Foundation, The American Bay Area Indian Lutheran Ministry, Bobsy Draper, George Irwin and the SAIIC Committee: Pete Hammer, Peggy Lowry, Muneta, and Jo Tucker. Nilo Cayuqueo, SAIIC Coordinator Susan Lobo, Publications Editor South American Indian Information Center P.O. Box 7550 Berkeley, CA 94707 U.S.A. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 20 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upcoming Indigenous Film Projects and Subscription Information (Newsletter, Working Commission Reports, Radio Program Tapes, and Tengo Casa propia) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Subscription Information (Newsletter, Working Commission Reports, Radio Program Tapes, and Tengo Casa propia) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (19-20).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note Rosaines Aguirre, who produced the film "The Four Corners: A National Sacrifice Area?" have recently left the United States for Brazil on a pre-production and research trip in preparation for their film "Amazonia," Pages 19-20 Amazonia Film Rosaines Aguirre https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/aa045804d9367c77e691316ec1949fc8.pdf 2ac73654d6958335638872432fb427f1 PDF Text Text BY ALVARO VASQUEZ The processes of communication among the Indian nations of this continent, now called "America," were broken with the European invasion that was initiated almost 500 years ago. The sacred books (codices), the knowledge of our people, accumulated for thousands of years, were destroyed by fire, and by the incredible capacity for destruction by the colonials. All of those Indians involved in communication: priests, teachers, writers, translators, ambassadors and those in the theater, all were assassinated. From this time, the destruction of our religion and our books and our writers has denied our existence; our voices have been quieted and are only heard in our communities and dressed as "myths" and "legends." During the past 500 years, from the beginning of this massive genocide of Indians for the control of the land, this process continued. Our existence continues to be denied and our lands are taken through massive assassinations. This process continues as the order of the day. Nevertheless, almost nothing is mentioned in major communication networks (radio, television, film) nationally or internationally. In the name of the plan of nation states, the aggression and the silence continue. Our Indian nations are alive, although often cut into pieces by the borders of the nations formed by the colonials. Our goal as Indian people is to break the silence of communcation within the countries that our Indian communities have existed since the beginning. SAIIC and the Comision de Relaciones de Asemblea de Autoridades Zapotecos-Chinontecas de la Sierra consider it necessary to reestablish communication among our Indian people, to know ourselves, and make ourselves known. Therefore, we propose to independent, non-government Indian organizations the following: 1) Create diverse means of communication among Indian communities; 2) Develop an interchange of information among the organizations that have initiated the process; 3) Develop the means of communication that currently exist in order to gain better diffusion among Indian people in sharing our experience; 4) Develop our traditional forms of communication and strengthen those that now exist; 5) Initiate investigation as to the most effective means of transmitting information that our people need (libraries, film and video archives); 6) Move ahead with discussion among non-Indian support organizations and stregnthen our relations on a level of mutual and profound respect. STATE~iENT Alvaro Vasquez Asemblea del Pueblo Zapoteco Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 18 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Statement by Alvaro Vasquez Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Statement by Alvaro Vasquez Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (18).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note The processes of communication among the Indian nations of this continent, now called "America," were broken with the European invasion that was initiated almost 500 years ago. Pages 18 Alvaro Vasquez Communication Genocide https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7c19ea45ed4a79e749483c93b5cd438e.pdf fbedea414d1845b92054da53190c9c41 PDF Text Text .:!l.z. 1808 King Joao VI of Portugal declared a war of extermination against the Botocudo Indians of Minas Gerais and Goias which resulted in widespread massacres. Hostilities did not officially end until a century later with the establishment of the government's "Service for the Protection of Indians" in 1911. ~ ~ ~ 1781 This is the date of the execution of Tupac Amaru, who led the Quechua-speaking Indians of southern Peru in revolt against Spanish colonialists. In the main plaza in Cuzco, Tupac Amaru's tongue was cut out and his body was pulled apart by horses tied to his arms and legs. His family witnessed his execution and was then brutally murdered in the same fashion. Their heads where posted along the main roads to the city as a warning to other Indians. ~ ~ 1980 The Guatemalan army massacred more than one hundred Kekchi Indians including five children in the town of Panzos, Alta Verapaz. More than 1,000 Indians marched on Ponzos to obtain information from the Mayor on three missing Indian leaders as well as their land titles that had been promised by the government. When they arrived at the town square, they were met by 150 soldiers who local landowners had sent to Panzos from the military base at Zacapa. The troops fired on the crowd, killing more than 100, wounding 600, and sending others into the surrounding mountains. On May 22 a group of over 30 people working on indigenous concerns using film, video, and still photography met in Berkeley to discuss the prospects of sharing resources and information. Nilo Cayuqueo of SAIIC spoke, stressing the need for indigenous people and others to find means to work together on concerns that effect all humanity. Alvaro Vasquez of the Asemblea del Pueblo Zapoteco in Mexico described the video work he and others in his community are carrying out. He urged all those working with indigenous people to thoroughly examine their motives and methods to assure both that people with a shared vision, regardless of race, work together and that the results of this work represent a positive effort for the goals of indigenous people. If you wish to obtain more information regarding the Zapotec video work, or if you wish to lend much-needed support, Alvaro may be reached at Apdo. Postal 1137, C.P. 68 ODD, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. The next meeting of the group will be on June 19. For information about the time and place, contact Leanna Wolfe (415) 8413563. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Film, Video, and Still Photography i Expressing Indigenous Concerns Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Film, Video, and Still Photography i Expressing Indigenous Concerns Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (17).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 17 Abstract Note A group of over 30 people working on indigenous concerns using film, video, and still photography met in Berkeley to discuss the prospects of sharing resources and information. Film Nilo Cayuqueo Photographs Video https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7b15d113c66e07a14957884a5e3145c4.pdf 237d7c278add9e2fb517f4a9fdf559af PDF Text Text multiethnic federation where Indian nations can remain largely autonomous from other constituents. Poratim also reports that 14 Indian groups have occupied a site in the state of Mato Grosso to block construction of a hydroelectric dam which will destroy a sacred waterfall of the Kayabi people. Work on the project began in 1983 with the construction of a road to the remote area on the Peixe River and barracks for some 3,000 workers who will build the dam. In 1984 preparation work was halted by lack of funds, and in March, 1985, Indians occupied the site in anticipation of renewed funding. They have expelled the caretaker left by the construction company, barricaded the road to the site, and burned one of the barracks. A commission has been established by the federal government to consider the Indians' demands, which include a permanent halt to construction of the dam, repeal of the law authorizing construction, and addition of the area around the waterfall to the officially-recognized domain of the Kayabi people. The Kayabi and neighboring Apiaka people have resisted encroachment by non-Indians at least since the arrival of rubber prospectors in the early twentieth century. About half the Kayabi were relocated to the large Xingu reserve in the mid-1960s. Representatives of the relocated group joined in the occupation of the construction site and expressed their desire to return to their traditional home. The dam will generate electricity for three small non-Indian settlements. Indians have suggested that a larger waterfall downriver from the Kayabi falls on a farm belonging to the governor of Mato Grosso would be a more appropriate site for the dam. The Jornal Indigena (Rua Caiubi, 126; Perdizes 05010; Sao Paulo, S.P., Brasil), which is published by the Union of Indigenous Nations (Uniao das Nacoes Indigenas), also reports extensively on Indian groups in Brazil. The editors are Ailton Grenak and Alvaro Tukano. DAYS TO REMEMBER May~ 1809 The pro-English governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay established the Triple Alliance and declared war on Paraguay to destroy the newly-formed Paraguayan state that was headed by Francisco Solano Lopez. Lopez had declared Paraguay a country that would stand independent in the face of external powers such as England and France. The armies of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay invaded Paraguay, defeated the Paraguayan army, killed Solano Lopez, and took a large portion of Paraguayan territory. In this tragic war hundreds of Mapuche Indians who were recruits in the Argentina army and many Paraguayan, Brazilian, and Uraguayan Indians died. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 16 �.:!l.z. 1808 King Joao VI of Portugal declared a war of extermination against the Botocudo Indians of Minas Gerais and Goias which resulted in widespread massacres. Hostilities did not officially end until a century later with the establishment of the government's "Service for the Protection of Indians" in 1911. ~ ~ ~ 1781 This is the date of the execution of Tupac Amaru, who led the Quechua-speaking Indians of southern Peru in revolt against Spanish colonialists. In the main plaza in Cuzco, Tupac Amaru's tongue was cut out and his body was pulled apart by horses tied to his arms and legs. His family witnessed his execution and was then brutally murdered in the same fashion. Their heads where posted along the main roads to the city as a warning to other Indians. ~ ~ 1980 The Guatemalan army massacred more than one hundred Kekchi Indians including five children in the town of Panzos, Alta Verapaz. More than 1,000 Indians marched on Ponzos to obtain information from the Mayor on three missing Indian leaders as well as their land titles that had been promised by the government. When they arrived at the town square, they were met by 150 soldiers who local landowners had sent to Panzos from the military base at Zacapa. The troops fired on the crowd, killing more than 100, wounding 600, and sending others into the surrounding mountains. On May 22 a group of over 30 people working on indigenous concerns using film, video, and still photography met in Berkeley to discuss the prospects of sharing resources and information. Nilo Cayuqueo of SAIIC spoke, stressing the need for indigenous people and others to find means to work together on concerns that effect all humanity. Alvaro Vasquez of the Asemblea del Pueblo Zapoteco in Mexico described the video work he and others in his community are carrying out. He urged all those working with indigenous people to thoroughly examine their motives and methods to assure both that people with a shared vision, regardless of race, work together and that the results of this work represent a positive effort for the goals of indigenous people. If you wish to obtain more information regarding the Zapotec video work, or if you wish to lend much-needed support, Alvaro may be reached at Apdo. Postal 1137, C.P. 68 ODD, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. The next meeting of the group will be on June 19. For information about the time and place, contact Leanna Wolfe (415) 8413563. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Days to Remember Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Days to Remember Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (16-17).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note The pro-English governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay established the Triple Alliance and declared war on Paraguay to destroy the newly-formed Paraguayan state. Pages 16-17 Francisco Solano Lopez Paraguay Triple Alliance https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/8d346a3a023d79f893766bf2068987d3.pdf 8dc329f2debef1ff3272370610061e07 PDF Text Text ------------------- struggle has always been the domain of land. Land for us is Mother Earth, she which gives us life, the base of our existence, the base of our economy, and no people, no country, can continue to live without land. That is why we fight, for our land." The Jornada sabre Oescriminacion will be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 1922. It is sponsored by the Secretaria de Lucha Contra el Racismo of the World Council of Churches. For more information contact Yvone Quiroga, Cotagaita 1887, Ramos Mejia 1704, Buenos Aires, Argentina. With the recent transition to civilian government after twentyone years of military rule in Brazil, there has been hope in Indian communities that administrators sympathetic to Indian concerns would be appointed to FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs. However, according to the latest issue of Poratim (subscription $15; send a bank order to CIMI/PORATIM, Edificio Venancio III, Sala 310, Caixa Postal 11-1159, CEP 70084, Brasilia, OF, Brasil), it now appears that an accountant who rose through the FUNAI bureaucracy during military rule will occupy the top position in the agency for the immediate future. Poratim suggests this reflects both the priorities of FUNAI, 75% of whose budget is consumed by the salaries of the agency's employees, as well as the slow pace of change that can be expected from the new government. Another important issue on the horizon in Brazil is the apportionment of seats in the assembly which is to be elected next year to write a new constitution. Indian groups say they should be able to select Indian representatives to the assembly independently of the national political parties. They intend to promote the concept of Brazil as a Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 15 �multiethnic federation where Indian nations can remain largely autonomous from other constituents. Poratim also reports that 14 Indian groups have occupied a site in the state of Mato Grosso to block construction of a hydroelectric dam which will destroy a sacred waterfall of the Kayabi people. Work on the project began in 1983 with the construction of a road to the remote area on the Peixe River and barracks for some 3,000 workers who will build the dam. In 1984 preparation work was halted by lack of funds, and in March, 1985, Indians occupied the site in anticipation of renewed funding. They have expelled the caretaker left by the construction company, barricaded the road to the site, and burned one of the barracks. A commission has been established by the federal government to consider the Indians' demands, which include a permanent halt to construction of the dam, repeal of the law authorizing construction, and addition of the area around the waterfall to the officially-recognized domain of the Kayabi people. The Kayabi and neighboring Apiaka people have resisted encroachment by non-Indians at least since the arrival of rubber prospectors in the early twentieth century. About half the Kayabi were relocated to the large Xingu reserve in the mid-1960s. Representatives of the relocated group joined in the occupation of the construction site and expressed their desire to return to their traditional home. The dam will generate electricity for three small non-Indian settlements. Indians have suggested that a larger waterfall downriver from the Kayabi falls on a farm belonging to the governor of Mato Grosso would be a more appropriate site for the dam. The Jornal Indigena (Rua Caiubi, 126; Perdizes 05010; Sao Paulo, S.P., Brasil), which is published by the Union of Indigenous Nations (Uniao das Nacoes Indigenas), also reports extensively on Indian groups in Brazil. The editors are Ailton Grenak and Alvaro Tukano. DAYS TO REMEMBER May~ 1809 The pro-English governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay established the Triple Alliance and declared war on Paraguay to destroy the newly-formed Paraguayan state that was headed by Francisco Solano Lopez. Lopez had declared Paraguay a country that would stand independent in the face of external powers such as England and France. The armies of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay invaded Paraguay, defeated the Paraguayan army, killed Solano Lopez, and took a large portion of Paraguayan territory. In this tragic war hundreds of Mapuche Indians who were recruits in the Argentina army and many Paraguayan, Brazilian, and Uraguayan Indians died. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazil Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Brazil Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (15-16).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note Radio program. "There has been hope in Indian communities that administrators sympathetic to Indian concerns would be appointed to FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs." Pages 15-16 Brazil Edificio Venancio III Poratim Radio Program https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/93c2b0f160139a9bc1fbe44c1f13c27d.pdf d7c82882c3171c3888d0deed6a0fcf3e PDF Text Text ------------------- struggle has always been the domain of land. Land for us is Mother Earth, she which gives us life, the base of our existence, the base of our economy, and no people, no country, can continue to live without land. That is why we fight, for our land." The Jornada sabre Oescriminacion will be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 1922. It is sponsored by the Secretaria de Lucha Contra el Racismo of the World Council of Churches. For more information contact Yvone Quiroga, Cotagaita 1887, Ramos Mejia 1704, Buenos Aires, Argentina. With the recent transition to civilian government after twentyone years of military rule in Brazil, there has been hope in Indian communities that administrators sympathetic to Indian concerns would be appointed to FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs. However, according to the latest issue of Poratim (subscription $15; send a bank order to CIMI/PORATIM, Edificio Venancio III, Sala 310, Caixa Postal 11-1159, CEP 70084, Brasilia, OF, Brasil), it now appears that an accountant who rose through the FUNAI bureaucracy during military rule will occupy the top position in the agency for the immediate future. Poratim suggests this reflects both the priorities of FUNAI, 75% of whose budget is consumed by the salaries of the agency's employees, as well as the slow pace of change that can be expected from the new government. Another important issue on the horizon in Brazil is the apportionment of seats in the assembly which is to be elected next year to write a new constitution. Indian groups say they should be able to select Indian representatives to the assembly independently of the national political parties. They intend to promote the concept of Brazil as a Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 15 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Jornada sobre Descriminacion Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title The Jornada sobre Descriminacion Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (15).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note The Jornada sabre Oescriminacion was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Radio announcement. Pages 15 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/c73ad9534fbf2edf140e0af6e5ff24de.pdf b26d36567f76ab2087ceb7bfea1f4f93 PDF Text Text SOFIA PAINIQUEO SAIIC recently sponsored a visit to the Bay Area by Sofia Painiqueo which gave her the opportunity to meet many people and to give a number of presentations. As a traditional Mapuche singer, and as one of the founders of the Mapuche Cultural Centers and AD-MAPU, she had much to say regarding her people's history and current concerns, including the following comments made on SAIIC's monthly radio program. "We, the Mapuche people, are a nation, a nation within the Chilean nation. Speaking historically about our Mapuche nation, before the Spanish arrived we had a nomadic way of life. Our nation covered an area consisting of 32 million hectares. It extended from what is now the city of Copiapo to the Gulf of Reloncavi, This means that the Mapuches were able to move freely from north to south and east to west, from ocean to ocean. "When the conquerors came, we had to fight a war, to fight 300 years of war, a cruel and bloody war. The men had to go to fight, to defend their land, to defend the liberty of their people. "After those 300 years of war, after the Republic of Chile was established in 1810, the Mapuches have had to continue to struggle stronger and more permanently. They have had to struggle against the laws imposed on them, against the pacts and agreements that were made to maintain these laws. Their lands became "In ~ny case, with or without laws, Mapuche land was seized. smaller L':>dl reducciones (reserves) were formed in different parts of the Chilean Sofia Painiqueo in Berkeley with Lisa Yankton. Photo: S. Lobo Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 13 �territory. The Mapuche people were reduced to small groups which diminished their strength. "Under all the governments, though, we as Mapuches have been organized. But, sadly, no government has listened to us. We have fought continually and permanently for our rights to land and to be allowed to participate under the Chilean constitution. "During our 400 years of struggle, there has only been one exception in which we did participate in a government. This was under the Allende government. This was a popular government, a democratic government. This is how the Mapuche people managed to make their own law. This is law 17,729, which deals with the defense of Indian land, or rather dealt, as it no longer exists. "I also want to make something clear to avoid misunderstandings when I say that Allende 'gave' land to Indians in Chile. For us, the Mapuche, no government alien to an aboriginal people in the American continent has the right to give the land to Indians. The lands have always been ours; they always will be ours. We want nations in general to recognize that they live on Indian land, and they must respect Indians. "After the Allende government came the coup. This is how our country fell under the rule of the military general, the current president, General Pinochet. This is also how law 2,568 was written and imposed on the Mapuche people. This law deals with the division of Indian lands. According to the government, this is the best law written for the Mapuches during their 400 years of struggle. For us, the Mapuches, this is the worst law. "We have seen and are seeing the division of land, and personal titles of domain are being given. This makes [individual] Mapuches owners of their own lands. This law also states that those who wish to no longer be Mapuches may do so legally by changing their last name. And that's it. They are no longer Mapuche. For us, at the moment, our communities are divided. We cease to be Mapuches, even without changing our names. It would no Divided, our forms of work and organization would no longer be the same. longer be communal. There would not be a form of organization to defend our land in a united way. Each will fight for his or her own little piece of land. "Where before we lived on a land covering 32 million hectares, today, with the division of the communities, we would not have more than three to four hectares per Mapuche family and each Mapuche family has 8 to 12 or more members. Where are we going to work, to produce, to raise animals? "We think that due to the current economic situation facing Chile, we will not be able to pay our taxes, so within five to ten years, we will lose our lands. And we, the Mapuches will automatically be left without land. This means extermination of the Mapuche people. We will be left without land and will have to begin working for the big landholders in order to survive as individuals, no longer as Mapuches. "We, the Mapuches, have existed by having land. And we will continue to exist if we have land. That is why the most important part of our Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 14 �------------------- struggle has always been the domain of land. Land for us is Mother Earth, she which gives us life, the base of our existence, the base of our economy, and no people, no country, can continue to live without land. That is why we fight, for our land." The Jornada sabre Oescriminacion will be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, July 1922. It is sponsored by the Secretaria de Lucha Contra el Racismo of the World Council of Churches. For more information contact Yvone Quiroga, Cotagaita 1887, Ramos Mejia 1704, Buenos Aires, Argentina. With the recent transition to civilian government after twentyone years of military rule in Brazil, there has been hope in Indian communities that administrators sympathetic to Indian concerns would be appointed to FUNAI, the government department for Indian affairs. However, according to the latest issue of Poratim (subscription $15; send a bank order to CIMI/PORATIM, Edificio Venancio III, Sala 310, Caixa Postal 11-1159, CEP 70084, Brasilia, OF, Brasil), it now appears that an accountant who rose through the FUNAI bureaucracy during military rule will occupy the top position in the agency for the immediate future. Poratim suggests this reflects both the priorities of FUNAI, 75% of whose budget is consumed by the salaries of the agency's employees, as well as the slow pace of change that can be expected from the new government. Another important issue on the horizon in Brazil is the apportionment of seats in the assembly which is to be elected next year to write a new constitution. Indian groups say they should be able to select Indian representatives to the assembly independently of the national political parties. They intend to promote the concept of Brazil as a Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 15 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sofia Painiqueo Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Sofia Painiqueo Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (13-15).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note Sofia Painiqueo, a traditional Mapuche singers says "We, the Mapuche people, are a nation, a nation within the Chilean nation. Speaking historically about our Mapuche nation..." Pages 13-15 Mapuche Radio Program Sofia Painiqueo Traditional Singer https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7a1b87a344b30bfe466b139ed7808f93.pdf 32ec2ee4e236d892db856a6a81541a02 PDF Text Text called during the coming year. In Bolivia, with six million inhabitants, it is calculated that there are almost 3 million voters. Of these over one million are unable to vote due to the absence of polling places and voter registration in rural districts, which means that over one million Indians will not be able to vote. In spite of many problems, Indian political action takes many forms. There are currently 11 registered Indian political parties: MRTK: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari PI: Partido Indio MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 1) MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 2) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 1) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 2) FIAT: Frente Indio Amautico de Tawantinsuyu FINA: Frente Indio Nacional MRTK-LN: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari de Liberacion Nacional MRRK: Movimiento Revolucionario Restaurador del Kollasuyu." MOVIMIENTOS INDIOS Y ELECCIONES NACIONALES Also from Boletin Chitakolla: "It has been more than two hundred years since the wars of Indian liberation led by Tupak Amaru and Tupak Katari. A war of liberation ends when the cause of justice triumphs, or when the enemy totally destroys the people. "Consequently, it is clear that the Indian war of liberation continues. Obviously we no longer live in the 1800's. There now exist new conditions at the national and international level. The forms of domination have changed, but the essence is the same: in this country there does not exist a truly free nation that is independent, proud of its past, and with political sovereignty. Tupak Katari wisely saw into the future when, before he was executed, he announced the triumph of the Indian cause: "Me alone you will kill, but tomorrow I will return, and I will be millions. 11 CHILE The Huilliches (peoples of the south) live in the provinces of Osorno and the island of Chiloe in southern Chile. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the subsequent formation of the Chilean state, this area was called Butahuillimapu, the big land to the south. For centuries, the Huilliches were subject to the Spanish crown, and Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 1 '! �latsr tc the Chilean state. Last March, the Chief Council of Butahuillimapu met in San Juan de la Costa to discuss the current situation and take action regarding human rights. The outcome of this meeting was a statement condemning the eviction of many Huilliche families from the lands on which they had always lived. As they do not have legal titles to these lands, the military government sells them to large landowners or transnational corporations after evicting the Indian people living there. The Chief Council blames the government for these violations, demands an immediate end to the evictions, demands the recognition of Indian land, and demands the recognition and respect of the Chief Council, the traditional authority. March 28 the Second National Assembly of the Mapuche Cultural Centers was held in Temuco. Representatives from the regions of Cautin, Malleco, Valdivia, Bio-Bio, Arauco, A new board of directors was elected. Some of Concepcion, and Santiago participated. the principal members are: President: Pedro Nancupil; Vice-president: Juan Lincopi; Secretary: Floriano Quinihual. One of the forms of repression used by the military government of General Pinochet in Chile is that of placing leaders of opposing organizations in internal exile in faraway or desert areas for long periods of time. Last March, two Mapuche leaders, Rosamel Millaman and Jose Santos Millao, were placed in internal exile in northern Chile for a period of 90 days. Please send Once again, the Mapuche and Huilliche peale need your solidarity. letters expressing your concern over the continuous violations of Human Rights and the Ancestral Rights of Mapuche and Huilliche people to: Sr. Coronel Miguel Espinosa G. Intendente de la IX Region Temuco, Chile Sr. Ministro del Interior Ricardo Garcia Rodriquez Edificio Diego Portales Santiago, Chile ***URGENT BULLETIN*** SAIIC has just received word that Mapuche leader Rosamel Millamanco Trecananco was detained by government authorities May 28 in the community of Panquipilli. He is being held incommunicado. Please direct letters or telegrams to the Minister of the Interior expressing concern for his welfare and calling for his immediate release. Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 12 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chile and the detainment of Rosamel Millamanco Trecananco Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Chile and the detainment of Rosamel Millamanco Trecananco Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (11-12).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note "It has been more than two hundred years since the wars of Indian liberation led by Tupak Amaru and Tupak Katari. A war of liberation ends when the cause of justice triumphs, or when the enemy totally destroys the people. Pages 11-12 Chile Huilliches island of Chiloe Osorno https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/49086343553aa55809c20abb1f4e5562.pdf d90bf4949bc2568826552618900fb463 PDF Text Text SAIIC: What are the current issues that your community faces? NILDA: Now the people from the city of Cuzco want to construct an airport in the valley where Chincheros is located. The business people of Cuzco want the airport constructed without giving any importance to the people of Chincheros. Our town and lands will be destroyed. But now more and more, we Indians are becoming organized, so we can fight and resist these things such as the airport. Before, the Indian people were like a kind of slave or employee who was worth nothing, who shouldn't ask questions or give opinions to those who were the bosses. But now this kind of organization has changed. SAIIC: What has made this change? NILDA: The young people are learning more year after year. SAIIC: Perhaps there will be a better future? NILDA: Yes, but who knows? Now with the economic situation, we don't really know what is going to happen. The devaluation is too much; it is incredibly exaggerated. In 1981 the sol exchange rate was 450 per dollar. Now it is 10,000 per dollar. It is an extremely grave problem. Every child who is born in Peru has debts from the time he or she is born. From the time he or she is in the womb, they have debts that can never be repaid by the time they die, no matter how hard they work. We have to work each day to repay these debts. It is an impossible situation. SAIIC: Do you have a message for Indian people in the United States? NILDA: Yes. It is a pleasure to give a warm greeting from a Peruvian Indian from the Cuzco area, from a very small community where there are many weavers and where we work growing corn and potatoes. ***URGENT BULLETIN*** The missionary Irma Cleusa, coordinator of the Regional Indigenous Council of Puru in northern Brazil, was found assassinated May 3. Indian leaders have accused local landowners of her death. BOLIVIA From Boletin Chitakolla (subscription $10; send a bank order to Sr. Eduardo Genaro Conde Quispe, Casilla 20214, Correa Central, La Paz, Bolivia): "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 10 �called during the coming year. In Bolivia, with six million inhabitants, it is calculated that there are almost 3 million voters. Of these over one million are unable to vote due to the absence of polling places and voter registration in rural districts, which means that over one million Indians will not be able to vote. In spite of many problems, Indian political action takes many forms. There are currently 11 registered Indian political parties: MRTK: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari PI: Partido Indio MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 1) MITKA: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari (sector 2) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 1) MITKA-1: Movimiento Indio Tupac Katari-1 (sector 2) FIAT: Frente Indio Amautico de Tawantinsuyu FINA: Frente Indio Nacional MRTK-LN: Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Katari de Liberacion Nacional MRRK: Movimiento Revolucionario Restaurador del Kollasuyu." MOVIMIENTOS INDIOS Y ELECCIONES NACIONALES Also from Boletin Chitakolla: "It has been more than two hundred years since the wars of Indian liberation led by Tupak Amaru and Tupak Katari. A war of liberation ends when the cause of justice triumphs, or when the enemy totally destroys the people. "Consequently, it is clear that the Indian war of liberation continues. Obviously we no longer live in the 1800's. There now exist new conditions at the national and international level. The forms of domination have changed, but the essence is the same: in this country there does not exist a truly free nation that is independent, proud of its past, and with political sovereignty. Tupak Katari wisely saw into the future when, before he was executed, he announced the triumph of the Indian cause: "Me alone you will kill, but tomorrow I will return, and I will be millions. 11 CHILE The Huilliches (peoples of the south) live in the provinces of Osorno and the island of Chiloe in southern Chile. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the subsequent formation of the Chilean state, this area was called Butahuillimapu, the big land to the south. For centuries, the Huilliches were subject to the Spanish crown, and Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. ® 1985. Page 1 '! � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolivia Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Bolivia Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (10-11).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Pages 10-11 Abstract Note "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be called during the coming year. Bolivia Elections H. Siles Suazo https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/579acb42bfa6ad95db0bb915b0c47ed2.pdf 28d496dc174d7b41cea9e51e72a8de26 PDF Text Text SAIIC: What are the current issues that your community faces? NILDA: Now the people from the city of Cuzco want to construct an airport in the valley where Chincheros is located. The business people of Cuzco want the airport constructed without giving any importance to the people of Chincheros. Our town and lands will be destroyed. But now more and more, we Indians are becoming organized, so we can fight and resist these things such as the airport. Before, the Indian people were like a kind of slave or employee who was worth nothing, who shouldn't ask questions or give opinions to those who were the bosses. But now this kind of organization has changed. SAIIC: What has made this change? NILDA: The young people are learning more year after year. SAIIC: Perhaps there will be a better future? NILDA: Yes, but who knows? Now with the economic situation, we don't really know what is going to happen. The devaluation is too much; it is incredibly exaggerated. In 1981 the sol exchange rate was 450 per dollar. Now it is 10,000 per dollar. It is an extremely grave problem. Every child who is born in Peru has debts from the time he or she is born. From the time he or she is in the womb, they have debts that can never be repaid by the time they die, no matter how hard they work. We have to work each day to repay these debts. It is an impossible situation. SAIIC: Do you have a message for Indian people in the United States? NILDA: Yes. It is a pleasure to give a warm greeting from a Peruvian Indian from the Cuzco area, from a very small community where there are many weavers and where we work growing corn and potatoes. ***URGENT BULLETIN*** The missionary Irma Cleusa, coordinator of the Regional Indigenous Council of Puru in northern Brazil, was found assassinated May 3. Indian leaders have accused local landowners of her death. BOLIVIA From Boletin Chitakolla (subscription $10; send a bank order to Sr. Eduardo Genaro Conde Quispe, Casilla 20214, Correa Central, La Paz, Bolivia): "Bolvian President H. Siles Suazo has indicated that national elections will be Vol. 1, no. 4. Spring, 1985. Published by SAIIC. @ 1985. Page 10 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 1, No. 4 (Spring 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Death of Irma Cleusa Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1985 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Death of Irma Cleusa Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 1 (10).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 1 Abstract Note Missionary Irma Cleusa, coordinator of the Regional Indigenous Council of Peru in northern Brazil, was found assassinated. Pages 10 Cuzco Death Irma Cleusa