52 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/54244a6896743b35f128babadbcea374.pdf 8746ac51ef3ad5081f6a69e8f93470bf PDF Text Text Page 28 ~ ._. SURINAM . INDIGENOUS PEOPLE SPEAK (The following is from a statement by George Pierre, representing Caraiben and Lokono people of the Indigenous organization TUNA-SARAPA at the meeting of the Coordinadora of the Amazon Basin, June 1988.) Civil War Brings Turmoil "Brothers and sisters, we come from the "Our brothers and sisters lived spread out region of Guyana, north of the Amazon River and throughout the Surinam territory in 39 villages, of bordered by the Chinoco River, the Amazon, and between 75 and 2,000 people. Between October Atlantic Ocean. In Indian communities, we are 1986 and January 1987, 26 of these villages were 8,000 Caraiben, 4,000 Lokonos, 2,000 Trios!),eQq;::··· totally sacked and burned, due to the civil war Aloeko~janas, 600 v:rajarekoeles: and 30,0 V,Va~~~?~;:t betyv.een the army led by ex-soldier Roni BrunsPeople m these regions are umted by langu(l e·•i!l'" mjk, ~nd the. army of Commander Colonel Desi culture, religion, ways of life, and the struggl · · Bouterse, .leader of Surinam's military junta. / / ., i•;;\t? During this civil war, we had opted for a neutral land rights. w_e live by ~racticing agriSuliuJ.:e, fis.~g, position;··. whlch, created suspicion in both the huntmg, and makmg crafts. The F~D1en: cwr;vate ; r~bel army. and the junta. cassave (manioc), annanas (pin~appl~s)~Cpinda~,, r: ··, . . 8,000Indians. had to flee to French Guyana, (peanuts), camotes (sw.eet pota\dt::s1!· :?pi wf:H"~~~< •· :Bt~z,il, artdtoSurir!am's capital, Paramaribo. Many known com, and a variety of gre,e11s:.J;Y~men··Clocc\ other brothers and sisters fell into the hands of the ceramic work, weaving the 4m;Um9cks and Brunswijk's ar.my,7and were then tortured, raped, I preparing various foods, such as n\ani()c. :,i.'" .. i~~ and killed. Thi.Sdvil war has been catastrophic for We men are responsible for the p:t}p'at~ti~:Bf.~~;~~) SinceNo~e:inber 25, 1987, Surinam has had a ·the land for cultivation. Hunting is 'aJso ~Et~~::.~~ • derr.9cra~ic"gcivemment. work. We take our sons with us, so that th~y·:~~:;;;~·,. , ..Brothers and Sisters: In the hope that our also learn. Handicrafts are the work of both~mefi~·~·< health and true religion and medicinal force holds and women. The men weave baskets and bags, •···· · our work together. Jallalla!'' FOR MORE INFORMATION: Tuna Sarapa Surigrind manioc, prepare arrows, and sew fishing nets. Fishing takes place in rivers as well as in the name, Postbus 10497, 100IEL, Amsterdam sea. We use floating nets one to two kilometers in Holland. ------------------length with boats we build, but which use outboard motors. Women do the ceramic work, weaving the hammocks and preparing various foods, such as manioc. Many of our brothers and sisters also ::; work in: industry and administration, but we are really a minority. Some of us, with difficulty, ~ opened small shops to sell food and various things, small transportation companies, and companies to treat fish. "' 1 1 us. ~ :~ I ):: .I~ "' j "" ~ 00 ~@ of TUNASARAPA � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4, Nos. 2&amp;3 (Fall 1988 &amp; Winter 1989) Zotero Volume 4 Language English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous People Speak (Surinam) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1988 & Winter 1989 Zotero Title Indigenous People Speak (Surinam) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 4, nos. 2 &3 (28).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 2 & 3 Language Spanish Volume 4 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/9e25b58b3ea3f6bf64774513d5bb9a50.pdf 575f00a4701652c8d0f3ed317e5af682 PDF Text Text _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __;~~ S E L_cF DETERMINATION AND TERRITORY Indigenous Peoples and Peasants of Bolivia Press Government for Solutions ~ s the month of September brings the spirit of spring to the Andes, Indigenous organizations have again challenged the neoliberal government of President S~nchez de Lozada and Aymara vice-president 0\rdenas. The call to march to La Paz by Indigenous peoples follows governmental failure to implement previously signed decrees in favor of Indigenous peoples--a Slate version of the ancient dictum, "I obey but I do not comply." The government has obstructed the application or laws and delayed measures aimed at solving the problems over Indigenous territories. The main demand of the march is to enact at least nine Decrees signed by the Government after the massive Indigenous peoples' march of close to 1 million to La Paz in 1990, and to have ntral laborers integrated into the General Labor Law Indigenous leader Marcial Fabricano, representative of CIDOB (Confederation of Indigenous peoples of Bolivia) called for the march. He also organized the 1991 "March for Territory and Dignity." joining Mr. Fabricano in the organizing process are Roman Loayza, representative of the CSUTCB, the national peasant confederation and Modesto Condori, representing CSCB, an organization of landless peasants also known as "colonizers." It is the first time, Indigenous peoples, peasants, and landless rural workers have come together in a strong A coalition. Urban workers, who have fared poorly because of neoliberal policies brought by governing parties MNR (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement) and MRTK (Revolutionary Movement Tupaq Katari), have lent their active solidarity. The Decrees in question, which agreed to grant rights over land, should Vol.10 No.2 have created Indigenous territories for the Siriono Indigenous peoples of the lsiboro National Park , Secure, Pillon, Chiman, Tim, Araona, Moseten, Chiman, Yuqi. Chiquitano, and \>/eenhayek (Mataco), all located in the eastern Amazon region. Their noninforcement prompted the march, as well as more ongoing problems no different from similar areas other nationstates share in the Amazon basin. Ranchers, lumber companies, miners, and landless peasants consider the Amazon ·an empty area," lawless., and ideal for "colonizing." Indigenous peoples have worked to defend their rights coordinating themselves nationally and forging international alliances to denounce this situation. Ranchers and landowners in the area continue to benefit from the conditions or lawlessness, and are actively pressuring the government to declare these lands (and territories) "negotiable" at market prices. The march constitutes a strong indictment against President Sanchez de Lozada's administration regarding the environment, biodiversity, and land and territorial management. Recent statistics published in Bolivia by LlDEMA (Environmental Defense League), demonstrate that the rate of deforestation has increased to unprecedented levels, as well as the percentage of national territory adversely affected by soil erosion. President Sanchez de Loz.ada, whose administration is plagued b)• inefficiency, has answered by menacing the marchers to postpone a debate over a law drafted by the National Agrarian Reform Institute, lNRA-Iikely due to strong pressures from ranchers and agroindustries whose interest he strongly supports. Indigenous peoples conflicts in Boli\•ia have been widespread since the election of President Sanchez de Lozada in July 1993. His administration has seen the return of old forms of rural labor enslavement and debt peonage in cattle ranches and other estates in the Departments of Chuquisaca, Beni, Santa Cntz, and Tarija (Chaco). There have been no significant actions taken by his administration to eliminate such illegal practices, although many Indigenous nations, such as the Guaran, have publici)• denounced it within the last four years. Practically all the well-known Indigenous peoples such as the Yuqui, Moseten, Chiquitano, Araona, Guaran, Chiman, and Weenhayek. have persistently endured physical abuse, enslavement, forced prostitution, debt-peonage, and the theft or their wages and lands. Long marches are a recent strategy by rural inhabitants to press for their human rights in Bolivia. This 1996 march differs from recent ones because, rather than simply complain, it explains Indigenous peoples' overdue demands. The Bohian case, amidst those of the other Amazonian countries, is another example where governmental measures could stop the environmental collapse this area is currently undergoing, Indigenous peoples in the area have a long-term commitment to restore this forest, but not when under heavy pressures from non-sustainable forms or land management. Obviously, land tenure laws cannot be implemented without the input or peasant and Indigenous peoples' organizations. Although the Sanchez de Lozada administration ran and enacted a Popular Participation Law, little has advanced in tenns or participation, and most decisions in ract continue to exclude Indigenous peoples' large representative confederations . ... 27 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Peoples and Peasants of Bolivia Press Government for Solutions Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1996 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indigenous Peoples and Peasants of Bolivia Press Government for Solutions Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 27 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1996 Language English Abstract Note This article details the struggle of the Indigenous peoples of Bolivia as they seek to be treated with dignity in the nation they live, but separated as their own culture. Attachment Title Indigenous_Peoples_and_Peasants_of_Bolivia_Press_Government_for_Solutions.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia Indigenous Peoples Self Determination and Territory https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/86956e22c376f14482f254398bdea6da 88c4256f8e8cf6c40cd4d9b360237a2a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 4 (14-16).pdf PDF Text Text I L O__~C~o~N~V~E~N~T~I~o~~N~~1~6~9 ______________________________________________ n Costa Rica, there exists a long tradition of violating the rights of the Indigneous communities which continues to this day: Like many of its neighbors, the Costa Rican government has repeatedly failed to comply with its own national, as well as international, laws that are in force to protect and promote Indigenous cultures. This lack of political implementation has led to a rapid disintegration of Indigenous identity and could lead to the total disappearance of these cultures. • Rica has violated this Act and decreased four reservations through decrees. For instance, the Guaymi de Conteburica reservation was established by Decree No. 8514-G and recognized by the Indigenous Act as containing 12,558 hectares. In 1982, Decree No. 13545 reduced the reservation by 648 hectares. The same kind of illegal acts took place with regard to the Guaymi de Abrojo Montezuma reservation (from 1,517 to 1,480 hectares), the Guatuso reservation (from 2,994 to 2,743 hectares), and the Guaymi de Cotobrus reservation (from 8,631 to 7,246 hectares). Not only has the government violated the Indigenous Act, but the government reports sent to the ILO, following the supervisory procedure of Convention 107, claimed that the Guatuso reservation consists of the original 2,994 hectares. s I • I I s • I • I • ILO Convention 169 in Costa Rica I It is important to note article 7 of the Costa Rican constitution, which declares that international treaties and conventions ratified by Costa Rica are of a higher authority than national law. This means that Convention 169 is applicable directly and must be recognized within the national legislation of Costa Rica. Despite Costa Rica's respect for international conventions, the nation seems to be having difficulty practicing what they preach. The right to consultation as established by Convention 169 is something that is still in its infancy in Costa Rica. An institutionalized consultation procedure does not exist. The government claims that the Mesa Nacional Indigena is the representative Indigenous organ being consulted by the government. However, the Mesa is neither representative nor an organ. The Mesa was created by the government as a response to demands from the Indigenous Fund. In 1992 the Latin American and Iberian government leaders met in Santiago de Chile and established the Indigenous Fund. The objective of this Fund was to improve the situation of the Indigenous peoples in Latin America by providing technical assistance and funding for various development projects. As a requisite to receive money from this Fund, there must be a national Indigenous organization that represents the Indigenous peoples. Continue on page 15 Abya Yala News look at ILO Convention I 6 9 in Costa ca + by: Gerard Schulting In 1973 the National Commission for Indigenous Affairs (CONAl) was established by the government. The law creating this institution covers a wide variety of subjects, ranging from general objectives like improving the social, economic and cultural situation to concrete objectives such as the establishment of new health centers. This decade also saw the creation of various reservations. The most important progress was the adoption of the Indigenous Act (Ley Indigena, No. 6172) in November 1977, further regulating Indigenous matters. Particularly important is article 1 of this Act, which states that the established reservations can only by diminished by adopting an explicit law. Despite this provision, the government of Costa Gerard Schulting did an internship at SAIIC, followed by one at CODEHUCA, the Central American Human Rights Commission, in San jose, Costa Rica, where he did research for this article. 14 Article 2 of the Indigenous Act says that the transfer of land from non-Indigenous to Indigenous people will be free of charge. CONAl has the obligation to buy back the land to later give it to the Indigenous communities. However, CONAl has never received the necessary . funding to perform this fundamental task. As a consequence, very little land is in the hands of Indigenous people. The ratification in 1993, and subsequent implementation in April 1994, of ILO Convention 169 has given Indigenous communities in Costa Rica a new instrument with which to fight for their rights . �ILO As there was no such organization in Costa Rica, the government created the Mesa in 1993. No Indigenous leaders seem to know what the Mesa does, and the people that constitute it can in no way be regarded as real representatives of the Indigenous communities within Costa Rica. This Mesa does not even have an office, and it lacks any guiding principals necessary to call it an organ. It is difficult for the customs and customary laws of Indigenous peoples to be recognized as applicable within the implementation of national law. One only need look at the way that the Indigenous communities are forced to organize to be able to advocate their rights. For any Indigenous organization to be recognized by the government, it has to be formed in accordance with the governmental Communal Development Associations. The government has set up these Associations on every reservation. The rules of these Associations require the Indigenous peoples to organize themselves in a way that is foreign to them. Organizations that refuse to comply with these procedures and try to operate independently of the Associations are not recognized by the government. CONVENTION 1 6 9 ILO Convention 169. The Mining Act says that the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica decides on the granting of exploitation contracts to extract natural resources. There is no distinction between the reservations and the rest of Costa Rica. Because there exists no institutionalized and regulated consultation, Indigenous peoples have no say whatsoever about the exploitation of their territories. This is in direct opposition to Article 15 of Convention 169 which guarantees" ... the right of these peoples to participate in the use, management and conservation of these resources ... " Health is one of the areas on which the biggest improvement has been reached. A number of new clinics have been built, although in most cases doctors are available only one or two days a week. The number of casualties as a consequence of diseases is still far higher than among the rest of the Costa Rican population. Severe diarrhea leading to dehydration is the principal cause of death among Indigenous children. Although the situation is improving, it is still very difficult to get the necessary medical attention in remote areas of the country: On the education front, the The most strident problem facsituation is twofold. On the ing Indian communities is the one hand quite a few new elementary schools have been rapid encroachment of nonALAJUELA constructed in the last couple Indigenous people on large areas of years. There are only two of Indigenous lands. Although the high schools on Indigenous government recognizes this fact, it 0 territory, and both have been has done very little to remedy this built with the help of foreign predicament. The Indigenous Act cooperation. On the other contains provisions regarding the hand, there is hardly any removal of these non-Indigenous attention being paid to the persons. Those persons that were MATAMBU already situated in areas that later development of bilingual eduUJARRAS----"<;---Cabfllmr were proclaimed reservations shall cation. In 19 9 5 the be moved and properly compenDepartment for Indigenous Education (DEI) was created sated. Non-Indigenous people that have penetrated the reservations Indigenous by Decree No. 23489. Because it was created by a Decree and after the adoption of the Territories of BORUCA•REVCURRE Brunca not by an explicit law, the next Indigenous Act have no rights in administration has the ability this regard, and can be removed Costa Rica to dissolve the Department. according to the Act. However this has not been enforced and non-Indigenous people continue to This unstable future is reflected in its administration. There is settle in Indigenous territory at an alarming rate. On some reser- almost no budget directed towards the DEI making it impossivations more than 80% of the territory is in the hands of non- ble to develop a long-term strategy Without a long-term policy, Indigenous people. In this regard the Costa Rican government the important issues cannot be confronted. For instance, there has failed to implement Article 18 of ILO Convention 169, is no bilingual educational material at the high school level and which states that "Adequate penalties shall be established by law the material for the elementary level is very outdated. There is for unauthorized intrusion upon, or use of, the lands of the peo- no funding to provide sufficient scholarships for Indigenous ples concerned, and governments shall take measures to present students. Another problem is the lack of Indigenous teachers. It is very important that the Indigenous children are taught by such offenses." Indigenous teachers as they are best able to transmit the tradiIndigenous peoples in Costa Rica cannot obtain agricultural tional values and culture. credit because the lands belong to the community and there is no legal formula for providing guarantees on communal properties. This situation has been recognized by the Supreme Court The Indigenous movement of justice. However nothing has been done to change this. The rise of the Indigenous movement in Costa Rica is a fairIn examining Indigenous rights in the natural resources ly recent development. The battle, at the end of the 1980's, by issue, we see that Costa Rica again fails to uphold the tenants of the Guaymies to be recognized as Costa Rican citizens and not Continue on page 16 15 Vol. 10 No.4 C~ote;e �llO CONVENTION 1 6 9 as foreigners, led to the establishment of a growing number of Indigenous non-governmental organizations (NGO's). These organizations have been founded to ameliorate the social and economic crisis within Indigenous communities. They work to achieve a greater degree of autonomy and to pressure the government to comply with the national and international legislation. The Indigenous communities in Costa Rica are steadily becoming more vocal in protecting their rights, denouncing violations and abuses and demanding the recovery of their lands. This growing awareness of their own rights has brought with it a new phase in the Indigenous struggle. By the end of 1996 the government had been sued twice in light of its failure to execute the legislation in practice. On the 3 of October, jose Dualok Rojas Ortiz, a Bribri and president of the cultural association Sejekto (the Voice of the Indian) sued the Costa Rican state for not having complied with its obligations under the Indigenous Act and the ratification of Convention 169. The Supreme Court of justice is examining the case. of land in the hand of Indigenous people continues to be one of the most serious problem facing Indian communities. The government has shown that it is not willing to take real measures to protect and promote Indigenous cultures. It is striking to see how many Costa Ricans think that within a couple of years there will be no more puros indigenas and that it is therefore a waist of time and money trying to avoid this. CONAl is a good example of the government's failure to developed the necessary multisectorial policy to give effective protection. Although according to its constituting treaty CONAl is responsible for all government policy regarding Indigenous peoples, it is in dire need of funding and has been subject to the usual government neglect. The first Convention 169 government report sent to the ILO at the end of last year was written without consulting CONAl or the DEI. However, the Indigenous people in Costa Rica have demonstrated to their own government and the international community that they are determined to fight for their autonomy, their land rights and their rights as peoples. Although it has yet to be Two and a half months later, four Malekus filed a law suit against the state for violating the Indigenous Act. With help from the NGO Fundaci6n lriria Tsochok (Foundation for the Defense of the Land) an extensive one year research project has been undertaken to collect the necessary geographical and topographical data. This study has produced a voluminous charge with over two hundred pages of empirical evidence. The indictment concerns the illegal reduction of the Guatuso reservation and demands the restitution of the 250 hectares. Even the little land that was assigned to the Malekus after the reduction is almost completely (90%) in the hands of non-Indigenous persons. The Supreme Court is also investigating this case. Indigenous bank in Suretka, Talamanca, Costa Rica, a project of Sejekto: to provide credit to small farmers. A new legislative initiative ' Currently the Legislative Assembly is working on a draft Act that will effectively replace the Indigenous Act and all the Decrees that have been enacted. This drafting process has been progressive in a couple of ways. In compliance with Convention 169, the Indigenous leaders have been consulted, they have had the opportunity to give their opinion and input on what to include in this draft. The draft committee has also recognized the need to rename the reservations as territories, since the first term implies isolation. The draft is very extensive, contains fiftyone articles and deals with all the relevant issues. Despite the fact that it has been the subject of discussion for the past couple of years, it is unfortunately that this draft, with its positive agenda, has still not been adopted by the Assembly. Until the Costa Rican government legally accepts the draft there is no real change taking place for Indigenous peoples. Critics believe that the government should be focusing on executing the existing legislation before adopting a new instrument with even more obligations. I i I' 1 ! Where to from here? In spite of its progressive legislation, there remains a lot to be done in the field of Indigenous rights in Costa Rica. The lack 16 thoroughly implemented into public policy and practice in Costa Rica, Convention 169 has been an effective tool in increasing Indigenous peoples awareness of their own rights under international law. It has also helped to increase awareness among non-Indigenous people. This has been proven by a growing jurisprudence in Costa Rica that recognizes the principles of Convention 169 as fundamental human rights of Indigenous peoples. Costa Rica can move beyond the other Latin American countries that have impressive bodies of laws regarding Indigenous peoples merely to appease the international community yet continually fail to abide by their own legislation. The Costa Rican government must actualize all the articles of ILO Convention 169 to prove to the international community that it is serious about its commitment to upholding the rights of Indigenous peoples. "'9 Thanks to Jorge Dandier, Jose Dualoh Rojas Ortiz and Ali Garcia. For more information please contact: Fundacion Iriria Tsochoh, Apdo. Postal555-2100, Costa Rica, tel. (506) 225-5091/ fax. (506) 253-6446 Asociaci6n Cultural Sejehto de Costa Rica, Apdo. 906-2150 Moravia, San Jose, Costa Rica, tel. & fax. (506) 257-5157 Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, No. 4 (Fall 1997) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Peoples in Costa Rica: On the Road to Extinction?: A look at ILO Convention 169 in Costa Rica Type The nature or genre of the resource Magazine Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1997 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Indigenous Peoples in Costa Rica: On the Road to Extinction?: A look at ILO Convention 169 in Costa Rica Item Type Magazine Article Attachment Title Vol. 10, no. 4 (14-16).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title Abya Yala News Volume 10 Author Gerard Schulting Abstract Note Legislation has been introduced in Costa Rica has been made in compliance with Convention 169, which has opened the door for indigenous groups to continue to work towards increased autonomy. Pages 14-16 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/a9aa714da6a576ae1f55b0c1233f57a3.pdf f8a72e220b64894b9b13f7ae38656270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4, No. 1 (11-12).pdf PDF Text Text Nature and the Amazon: We want support. We are sad because the natural world in Brazil, especially in Amazonia, is going to be destroyed. In Amazonia, there are many indigenous medicines which could save many lives in the whole world. The Indians must be pres~rved, in order to provide this future, to improve human life for all of us-Brazilians, Indians. This could save the lives of millions in many countries. The Future: We would like to form alliances with all the Indians of. the Americas, including here in the United States. We want that alliance because it is a way to protect our peoplethrough such an international alliance, between Brazil, America, Canada, and other countries. Here, I met with the Lummi and Canadian Indians. The Canadian Indians gave me a lot of support in my struggle. We want to live .as Indians. Always the Indian will be a good example for whites, because he is a person who is not after private gain; he is a person who speaks the truth in this world. Amazonian Indian leaders address the Coordinadora meeting, May 1988. Sixty delegates from Indian organizations of seven Amazonian countries-ONIC, Colombia; CONFENIAE, Ecuador; AIDESEP, Peru; UNI, Brazil; CIDOB, Bolivia; ACIPX Venezuela; and TUNASARAPA, Surinam met in May in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia to hold the third meeting of La Coordinadora-the Coordinating Committee of Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon Basin. The Coordinadora was originally formed in 1981, after Indian organizations of the Amazon region rejected a proposal by the Interamerican Indigenist Institute and the eigbt countries that had signed the Treaty of Amazon Cooperation. According to Evaristo Nugkuag, Aguaruna from P~ru and President of the Coordinadora, 'We realized that the most serious threat might be from the eight countries that signed the Amazon Pact-who resolve to exploit the resources of the rainforest without taking into account the existence of Indigenous people who live there. Page 11 �It's important on the international level to have a permanent, strong coordination, because when the governments begin to work together on the level of the Amazon region, it's going to affect us all''. The main purpose of the Coordinadora is. to defend the economic, social, cultural, and land rights of the Indian peoples of Amazonia. In 1986, a delegation met with President Barber Conable of the World Bank in Washington, and discussed the impacts of World Bank lending policies on Indian people of the Amazon. At this year's meeting, representatives of each organization recounted the massacres and po~ti­ cal persecution taking place in their countnes, and problems in the areas of land, health, and education. There were also reports on small-scale, sustainable economic projects being developed by Indian communities. Five working commissions were formed. Among their resolutions were: to strengthen the mutual cooperation of the member organizations, including programs of bilingual education and the promotion of traditional medicine; to explore ways in which Indian organizations may communicate more effectively with remote communities in the Amazon as well as with Indian groups in other nations; to elaborate a proposal at an international level on the rights of Indian people to serve as a model for each country's laws; to search for indigenous models of ecodevelopment as an alternative to industrial development; to reject the militarization of Indian areas, whether in border areas or in the interior; to assist Indian groups in demarcating their own traditional lands; to demand royalties and indemnization from transnational and national companies that are already exploiting natural resources on Indian lands; and to earmark this money to create a fund to reforest damaged lands; to reject the entry of new companies; to form a team of Indian and non-Indian experts on Amazon ecology ~ orde~ to c?ml?ile information for use in defendmg therr terntones. The Coordinadora rejected unanimously the celebration of 500 Years of the Discovery of America to be held in 1992, and will be d~veloping its own alternative campaign. The 12th of October has been declared the "Day of Solidarity with Indian People." The Amazon Indians also stressed the importance of support from environmental organizations for the defense of Amazonia. The representatives elected a Council of Direc. tors for the period 1988-1990, comprised of: • Evaristo Nugkuag (AIDESEP, Peru), President (re-elected); • Cristobal Naikiai (CONFENIAE, Ecuador), Vice-President; • Josee Uranavi (CIDOB, Bolivia), Secretary; • George Pierre (TUNASARAPA, Surinam), Treasurer; • Javier Armato (ACIP~ Venezuela), Spokesperson. PRODUCTION COMPLETE ON AMAZONIAN FILM Co-producer/directors Monti Aguirre and Glenn Switkes announce· that filming has been completed on the feature-length documentary, 'AMAZONIA: VOICES FROM THE RAINFOREST'~ The film, currently being edited in San Francisco, shows sustainable alternatives to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest proposed by Native people, rubber tappers, riverine populations, and small farmers in the Amazon. For more information, contact the producers through SAIIC, or write to: P.O. Box 10044, Oakland, CA 94610. Page 12 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4 No. 1 (Summer 1988) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon Hold International Meeting (Amazonia) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1988 Zotero Title Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon Hold International Meeting (Amazonia) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 4, No. 1 (11-12).pdf Issue 1 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 4 Pages 11-12 Abstract Note Sixty delegates from Indian organizations originating in seven Amazonian countries, met in May of 1988 to hold the third meeting of La Coordinadora to discuss massacres and other political problems plaguing their tribes. ACIPY AIDESEP Bolivia Brazil CIDOB Colombia CONFENAIE Ecuador La Coordinadora ONIC Peru Surinam Treaty of Amazon Cooperation TUNASARAPA UNI Venezuela https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/4410aa2f8f2888b06c4aab6c4edb1378.pdf 99d8175226e3e6b7e87f1c36217950c7 PDF Text Text ----- E~V I RO~ME~T A~D DEVELOPMENT Indigenous Peoples Unite Against Pan-American Highway by AUcia Korten and DiaUs Ehrman aders of the Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Ngobe and Bugle peo- and o•hcr residents believe that the flood was a consequence of unprece· >les living in the Darien G~p dented deforestation in the last two region that borders Colombia and decades by loggers and cattle ranchers who have used the highw:>y to gain access to the regions resources. Pressure to complete the road has L; Panama announced thnt they would o ppose any plan to build the PanAmerican Highw:>y that did not first obtain their approval. The Indigenous Development Bank (lOB) is financing a S 1.5. million environmental impact statement for the construction or the J>an.l\merican Highwa}•S last segment. according to official documentS from the Ministries of Foreign Relations in Panama and Colombia. This financing is significant as the !DB generally funds ( IPAHC), representing over 200,000 increased in reccm months. Broad agreemem at the Summit of the Americas last December to unite the Indigenous peoples in Panama, made this dcclaralion in response to growing Americas imo a free trading zone by the year 2025, gives the highway's constmc- pressure to complete the highways impact s•atemcm. but nuher a general cnvironmcmal diagnosis of the region. lOB representatives have insisted that they would not finance such a environ .. 1nemally and culturally destructive pro.. stated Colombia$ Minister of ject. Yet. according to one well·known Transportation under the Gaviria Panamanian newspaper. Lhe lOB has Pan·J\rnerican Highway Commission Darien Gap link-which international business interests sec :lS critiC31 to fa.cili!ating trade between South and North America. Leaders unanimously agreed to reject construction of the Pan-American Highwa)·. a railroad. or any other project crossing 1heir lands until 1hesc lands have been legalized and demarcated . Indigenous people's fears regarding the environmental assessmems only if it intends to support the actual project. However, according to an I.OB reprcsen· t3tivc. the study is not an environmental tion new urgency. "The Pan·American liighwny is the only unfinished international highw:.y e\'tll though it is the most ilnportant in Lhc world ...all of hlllnanity is awaiting (itS completion)." administration, jorge Bedeck Olivella. Plans to build the road are rapidly moving into g~r. The lnter·American offered to loan funds of $29 million to finance the project. The World Bank is also funding an envitonmental impact highwayS negative impacts were reinfo rced by catastrophic Oooding in Nov. 1994 which destroyed several Kuna communities situated ncar 1he P3n· American Highway, which stretches for roughly 100 miles imo the Darien Province. "The night (the Chucunaque River rose) our children had to swim to stay alh·e. the wmcr came up to the necks of the older people. t\11 our fields and many or our houses were washed away. 1 have never seen such a flood in my lifetime: explained Horacio Lopez Turino, community leader of Wala. He Alicia Kortcn is a staff mcmba of th~ Ccrucr for Popular Legal Assistance. Td: (212) 64$3139 Fax: (212) 242-1901. Olalis Ehrman is the Kuna General CouncilS reprt'srntatl\'t to lhe IPAHC. Vol. 8 No. 4 The Indigenous Panamerican Highway Comission holds meetings to organize communities throughout the Darien 27 �E WVIROWMEWT AWD 0E VElOP MEWT .aotemcnt for the povmg <>I 1he 100 mile toad 1hm already pcnctmtes the Darien. Slalcd Luis Cns!ancda. Oi rector or Plannong at the Mlnlscry ol Public Works in Puna.m.a. P3JTamanum officials State lhot 1hcsc projects are p:~n ol • flv"·ytar n.,uon-wide road·bl!oldmg program. or 1he S406 milhon bud&<ted lor the pro· gmm, the lnler-Amcrican Oe,·elopment IJ.,nk and the World Bank arc providing $220 million in loons. •No highway construCtion can take place In Panama in the next five yeors lhot dO<S not follow IDB guideli=,· staled """ lOB official. Opposation to ex1ensoon o! the high· '''a)' lS also gairung morncnturn. Diverse organi%ations mngong from 1he lntcnlnlional Union for the Constr\'ll· tion of N3turc to the Union or Pnnamaman Umlc R.mchers have writ· · t(n ~luuons oppos1ng the roodS con... strucuon. These groups orgue tho! the m;d would dC"aSUie 1he ;ueas boo!<>gJ· c:.l ond cultural d.versuy ond facililate the spre:td or hoof-and-<~nd mouth disC3SC- into Nonh America. Even in Colombia. the road's mos1 aggressive supponer. the govcmmcm-run Institute for De\'<lopmem and Na1ural Resources (INDARENA). r<commended m O.C.mber of 199'1 hal1ong the proJect due to ats potenual tmrtronmental lmplct. Arch1e Carr. on emtnem biolo· gts1 wi!h 1he New York-based Wildlife ConservaLion SocicL \VUrned "the con· y, struclion o£ a highway ocross the Darien Gap would consliiUIC an ecological en· SIS . If Oancn tS a b•olog~cnl plug. a bar· ner to • biol<>gJcol uphe"'·al thot could offec1 bo1h maJor comments m 1hc regoon. 1hcn '' achoeves gremer conservauon slgnoficance 1han nny other forest." Indigenous peoples. whose homelands and cultural subsistence are at a stoke, condnue to be marginalized from all government dlSCUSSaons. '"\\'e. ha,·e been figh1ing 10 g>m • vot~ m the dill· Iogue, b\11 the gO\.. mmcnl has blocked lndogenous panicipalion: Sla!ed Ed)• DegM%o, 1he Embem-Wounaan General Congresss IPAHC delegate. The govemmen1 hos responded 10 18 i>~Ure £rom the Indigenous org>ni%3· wuh a few Government officials Lion conccssrons. invited an lndogcnous delegate to parucopa1c m 1he February 1994 meeting of 1he Good Nctghbor Commission. 2 bm~uonal body ncgotialing all agreements between Panama and Colombio. but refused to finance 1he •rip. ·~r,1hou1 moniC's to cover expenses. we could not send our dcleg>te: explained Cacique Leopoldo Baporiso. chief of lh< Embera-Wouno:m in 1he OJnen IPAHC deleg;llcs or< now meeting Wllh P:\nomonlon govemmenl Ofndols and mululn~erol bank represcmtlllvcs 10 demand jXlrlicipation in all studies ond dcvelopmenl projects for their homelands. They ore also ~chlng ou1 10 organwulons na1ionally and unemationally who hove expressed <On~m regardtng the hogh""'Y pions wders hope 1hnt 1hrough their con1inued and with Ihe suppon or solidnri· ty org.,nlmtions. they will be able 10 innucnce the destiny or their peoples and 1hc rotn!Orc$ts of the Oanen Gop on whieh they depend. crrons. R esolution of the hldigenous Embem. Wounaon nnd Kuna peoples of Panama at the second nntional meeting to discuss Lhe construction or the 'Pnn·American Highwny on October 7·.8 L994, In the Kuna community or Plndupe, Coman-a Mndungandi. We Resolve: I) To l'e)tct the COnSirucuon of 1he Pan-Amencan Hoghwa)~ a r.ulrood or any Other project through our lands withoUI our consent. 2) To demand the legalizalion nnd demarcnuon o£ the Madungandt, Ngobe· 6ugle and Wnrgandi Comnrcns and that collecuve lond lilies be pro,oded to the Embem and Wounaan in order 10 protect 1he na10ml r<sourccs of our terri Iones. We r.:fuse to accept any pro)cc1 of 1hcse demands have n<>l been met. 3) lo broadcast nauonally .md lmemauoMtly the cxtstence of the lndtgenous Pan·Amencan Highw:>y ComnuSSton... 4) To au1horuc the Commtssoon, tn consullnuon "11h 1he tTadlttonnl aulhor· utes. 10 seek the fund$ necessary to achH:;,•e the ComnussionS obJe(U\'~S at tt national and tmcrnntionnlle\rel. ~) To demand 1hat mullilnteml finandal1nstittulons and 1he na1ionnl govern- ment give po!11C1pollon 10 1he CommoSSIOn 1n nil plans to <OnSirUCI infra· scructure through lnd1genous 1emtoncs and pnmde 1he Commission aa:ess 10 all the mfomuuon ne<:<:ss;ll)' £or ouT Congresses to dwde whether the proJect ts beneficial or nOL. 6) To reucratc our demand for ponicipouon \\11hm 1he Good Neighbor Comm•ssion composed of the governments ol Pnnama and Colombln. 8) lo sohcit supporl for the C.omnussion from Indigenous organizalions Olll· side ol Panama, solidarity groups and non·gov~rnmenlal organiZBI!ons. \Vrlttcn tn the Madungandt <Amafla, Comrnunlly of PINDUP on Ocwb<r i. 199-f. FOT """'infonr.atl<ll1 f4y ~·· Comulon lnd!scna Camtcro I'<Vl·AI!IClf<<~""­ COONAPIP. Apanaclo Postal8720S9, Zona i, P - . Tel (507) 62 16 SS I'<J.X· (507) 62 JS 66. or Htelor llucrt.,, Llgal Ad""'" Conoi,Jon lndtgcno CaN<Icro P<•Mimcricana. Ccnuv dr. A>ISI<ncla Llgal Popular (CEAIJ'). ilponaclo Postal 6·5866. 1:1 Dcradb, Panama. Tel (jOT) 64 6.5 29. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Peoples Unite Against Pan-American Highway Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alicia Korten Dialis Ehrman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indigenous Peoples Unite Against Pan-American Highway Item Type Journal Article Author Alicia Korten Dialis Ehrman Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 27-28 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous groups voice opposition to the Pan-American Highway, a proposed infrastructure project that would facilitate trade between between North and South America due to possible environmental destruction and community displacement. Attachment Title Indigenous_peoples_unite_against_pan_american_highway.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Conservation Embera Kuna Ngobe Pan-American Highway Wounaan https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/772f3cdfe43c49ec402d20b6e342d7d5.pdf 914f80fc890ee6099939afc3c952313f PDF Text Text INDIGENOUS SEEDS The interrelationship of all living things is seen in the renewal of the seasons and through the cultivation of seeds ~~·.· that are nurtured. to becom~ plants, providing susten.ance for As--:. ~~~~-~~~ people and for ammals. Canng for the earth, for the gifts from ~~ the earth, and for one another is an interdependent pattern ~~'~- _ . . that h.as sustained life for gener~tions past and for thos~ t? c~· ••ff::-,.iii~;,;~~·.~ · c.·~~~~· !>S_Il>! ""- . .,'6!, come m the future. For many Ind1an people who have an mtl· mate reliance on and knowledge of plants, the cycle of ~ ·'~ renewal, based on spiritual principles and lived daily, is the ·· essence of survival of individuals, of communities, and of peoples. Genocide and ethnocide can come in many forms and in seemingly small or insignificant ways. In the Americas, prior to the European invasion, there were thousands of plant varieties, many cultivated, others wild, that were used for food, medicinal purposes, clothing, and in many other ways. These ancient varieties are open pollinating in contrast to modern hybrid varieties. Food crops raised for thousands of years by Indians in the Americas have qualities that are suited to the particular environment of an area, often including extremely high levels of tolerance to drought, heat, salinity, rodents, and diseases. Some varieties have very high protein and mineral contents, making them concentrated sources of nutrition. Population expansion, invasion, destruction of agricultural land, and more recently, the development and spread of the use of hybrid seeds have had a profound impact on Indian communities, as well as everyone living in this hemisphere. Hybrid seeds dependent on an artificial environment of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are often promoted by multinationals, nation states, and development projects. A system of planting hybrid seed may mean profit for these entities but disaster for the self-sufficient indigenous farmer. Hardy native varieties of seeds are replaced by hybrids often without the capacity to withstand local conditions and which produce plants with poor nutritional value. As indigenous varieties are not planted, they may cease to exist, and the resulting genetic uniformity invites catastrophe. Also, community self-sufficiency is lost through the development of a local dependency for survival on a national economy that creates the need to purchase seed, fertilizer, and pesticides. Because of these and other factors the cycle of renewal that is essential to sustain this earth and those on the earth becomes more difficult ... but always necessary. Some organizations have begun to search out, save, and encourage the replanting of indigenous seeds. Native Seeds (3950 West New York Drive, Tucson, AZ 85745) makes available indigenous seed samples to those who want to maintain diversity in their gardens. For example, 58 varieties of native corn from the Southwest are available. All proceeds from the sale of seeds go toward the conservation of native crops and their wild relatives. The Talavaya Center (P.O. Box 9289, Santa Fe, NM, 87504) also works to preserve genetic diversity through encouraging the cultivation of indigenous plants, including Hopi corn and South American grains such as amaranth and quinoa. -S. Lobo Vol. 2, no. 2. Winter, 1986. Published by SAIIC © 1986. Page 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 2 (Winter 1986) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Seeds Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1986 Zotero Title Indigenous Seeds Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 2, no. 2 (16).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Language English Issue 2 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 2 Date Winter 1986 Pages 16 Abstract Note Many Indian peoples who have an intimate reliance on spiritual based principals that become the bases for there knowledge of plants and the daily life cycle fear genocide and ethnocentrism from the European oppressors. Community Indigenous Plants https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/c40e08170a0e83dfb3e702adbdb329dc.pdf 924a07526834ac5728fe263f6f3bb8d0 PDF Text Text BRIEF . INO I G EN ..___,,'LJ TRIUMPH I BRAZILIAN COURTS E historic decision of the Bmzilian mber exploitation in the yterewa and Trinchera Bacaja, in state of Pari, bas been strictly proltibited. The Court upheld the appeal made by the lndigcroou!;l_!tighiS Core(NDI),aBmzilianNGO,again.stthetimbercompaniesParaehi, Maginco and lmpar. These companies were illegally extracting mabogany (rom those regions. Tbe three indigenous areas are contiguous and are found in one of the richest areas in mahogany wood of the states of Pam and of Amazonas. 6J%of the mahogany exported by Bmzil comes from 80% of the Indigenous areas. Despite thiS, the Court has pemtined Parachi to temporarily maintain a contingent of employees in a smal.l pan of the Apytarewa Reserve, where Parachi claims to have property titles. The NDI is currently preparing for the next baltle against the lumber companies in the Supreme Court of Brazil, whieh is likely to be less sensitive toward Indigenous and environmental topics. In other news, an NDIIawsuit aga.inSl a Mato Grosso logger recently came before the couns yielding positive rtS\!.'IS for' tbe Hahaintesu ponples of Guapore Valley in the western pan of the state. On September 6, 1993, Judge Maria Divina Viloria found Anilton Antonio Pompermayer guilty of illegal extraction of mahogany in the Habaintcsu Reserve. The logger will pay over US$ 200,000 for the extraction of 1,800 cubic meters of wood from the reserve. This is the second guilty verdiet for illegal logging in the state of Malo Grosso. International public opinion will play an important role in Brazilian State 10 uphold the righiS of Indigenous ~d the environment. We urge you ro send leners in of these decisions to: llxlma.Sro.Julza MariaDiY!na VIloria Di&nkbna ]u&.a Subotituta da ..xta Vara Fecl<nl DO Distrito Fedual Juslk:a F..S.ro! <k l'rirnmo ~ Secor <k Autarqulas Sul Quadra 4, Bloeo D, Lole 7 8rasilio D.F. 7007.000, Brasil Fax: (55) 61225-7116 E:dma. Sra. Ju&a Ellana Coimon Dl&n&.lma Presiclftlle da Quana Twma doTriboma!Reglooa!Fecleralda l 'Rec!io 585 Quadno :Z, EdilJdo AW114' Ancbr Brasilia D.F. 70070.100, Brazil RADIOACTIVE WASTE BURIED I N BRAZILIAN AMAZON ooordingtoreponsfromMovimentodeApoioaRe:sisteoeia aimiri!Attoari (MAREWA), the Paranapanema Co. is responsible for the burial of fivelhousaod tons of n.dioaetivc waste in tbc Pitinga River area of Amazonas, directly affecting the rcsideoiS of Presidente Figueredo and the Waimiri Attoati Reserve. State and local authorities have lakcn no aclioo oo this matter and tbc local population bas ye1tobe infofTOcd about the content and danger of the loads. . Since tbcmid..:ighties, rumors about the presence of radioactive waste have circulated in Pitinga, recounting sympiOtns sueb as tbe loss of teeth, general weak:ness, unexplained respiratory diseases, lossofbair,andleukemia. Even tough Tahoca MiningCo., anolbcr firm working in the region, bas verified tbeprcscoceof radioactive materials since the early eighties, tbc company bas always been VOl. 7 NO. 3&4 shielded by federal, state, and local govemmeots. Tbe resideniS of Presidente Figueredo request intematiooal support in tbeir demands that tbc Amazonas stale governtnent and FUNAI hold Paranapaoema and the otber mining companies in the' region, accountable for seriously tbreatcoing tbc hcaltb of tbc people and the enviroru:nent. For more infomlation, please contaCt: Movimiento de Apoio ~ Resistencia dos WoimirVAtroari (MAREWA) Prcsidcnte Figueredo, Brazil Source: Cullurnl SurviVlll, Summer 1993 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 3-4 (Fall/Winter 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Triumph in Brazilian Courts Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall and Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indigenous Triumph in Brazilian Courts Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 3,4 Pages 7 ISSN 1071-3182 Date Fall and Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note This article is about the Brazilian Federal Court of Appeals upholding the rights of indigenous peoples in case between the Indigenous Rights Core and Parachi Maginco and Impar timber companies. Attachment Title Indigenous_Triumph_In_Brazilian_Courts.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Anilton Antonio Pompermayer Brazil Hahaintesu Reserve Indigenous Rights Core (NDI) https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/6576e328d2dcd6a5e06fe416b092bbcd.pdf 9d36efc933cd4ab92f3ef4e4ae11d025 PDF Text Text WoMI::N's !.! ~ ~==~-...J ! INDIGENOUS W O M EN I N BOLIVIA SET EXAMPLE F OR A B Y A T: Indigenous women of Bolivia have come to occupy an imponant and in uential role in the lndige.nous movement after many years of struggling for their rights and !boseof their peoples. Using Native American women as models of or~tion and unity, today, Bolivia has the greatest national organization of Indigenous women in tbe Abya Yala continent The Coordinating Commission of Indigenous Women of Bolivia (CCMIB) was cie· ated during tbe First National Gathering of Indigenous Women on July 1993, in Acbocalla, La Paz. The Commission's purpose is to strengthen the Indigenous, popular, and campesino (peasant) movements through tbe active participation of women. By orga· nizing different gatherin~ and seminars, the Commission seeks to unite all the Indigenous and non- Indigenous women's organizations working tbrougboutthecountry and promote tbe formation of leaders in the various mem· ber organizations. VoL 7 NO. 3&4 Y ALA The Commission is guided by the funda- Diroetors was eloeted to organize the Second mental principles of doeentralized authority Encounter, which will take place next yw, and respoet for tbe autonomy of each member and where a permanent Boald will be eloeted. organization. In addition, !bough it is a women's organization it is not "feminist" Instead, the Commission looks to compli· ment its activities with those of its maJecoun· tcrpartS, since, as on participant affirmed, "in e original,traditionalcommunities,separatelevels of power between a man and woman did not exist A eouple made doeisions of mutual a:t:..J:....::II-iOiliriA• •lilllllll aooord, because the struggles of both the men ~ and tbe women were tbe same." Nevenhe· For More Information coniJ>Ct: less, taking into aecounttbe marginalization that the government's exclusion policies Combi6n Coordinadora dt' makes them face, the Indigenous women have 7\fuj('rC's lndl::<"na.~ de Rolhia considered unification a priority so that they Casilla 2315 can begin to devise theirO\vn methods to eloet Calle Yanacocha \o. +II representatives of their nationalities to the Edif. ..\reo lris.l'i<o 13. Oficina 13112 Bolivian government La Pa1. lloli•ia During the Encounter, the unification of 25 women's organizations was consolidated Telephone: 369.963 in tbe CCMIB, and an interim Board of � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 3-4 (Fall/Winter 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Women in Bolivia Set Example for Abya Yala Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall and Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indigenous Women in Bolivia Set Example for Abya Yala Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 3,4 Pages 25 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Fall and Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Coordingating Commission of Indigenous Women of Bolivia(CCMIB) formed in July 1993 was created with the purpose of promoting indigenous involvement in movements across the country. CCMIB is carrying out this goal by focusing on electing representatives of indigenous communities to the Bolivian government. Attachment Title Indigenous_Women_In_Bolivia_Set_Examples_For_Abya_Yala.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia CCMIB Indigenous women https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/bad7c6544b5bb57956a92d3570172c23.pdf 1d84e05ac2b739b204123741de468e37 PDF Text Text INDIGENOUS WOMEN OF MEXICO 10 YEARS LATER (Mexico) 1k follt1Wing uns wrillm by the Unum of Yalalttat Women in Oaxaca and sent to SAITC by Juana Vasquez. Indigenous peoples of Oaxaca and of Mexico have struggled to maintain a certain degree of community sclf· dctcnnination.1hisgivesusdignityas men and women and protect us from the usurpation of our territories, and gives us the possibility to control our own destinies. None can deny that, in almost 500 years of exploitation and constant oppression, that which is unique to indigenous communities has been almost erased and buried forever. 1his has happened not only in Oaxaca, but in all the Americas. Nevertheless, our enemies have failed. As we near the end of the 20th century, we Indian people arc regaining the strength and courage to defend and reclaim our dignity and identity. programs and regulations on indigenous communities. Zapoteca women ofYalalag arc not indifferent to all these problems. We arc Involved in the enduring task of searching for solutions. We have woven our own history and oontinue weaving it, impregnated by great ideals which arc nurtured by life's daily events and with strong effort and sac:rifice. The Incorporation of Yalalteca women Into the political struggle was significant. We have been participat· ing quietly and humbly. On December 24,1980, for the first time in the history of our oommunity, more than 400 women bega. to consciously and vociferously participate in n the struggle for community self-determination. We formed our own system of defense: The Union of Yalalteca Women. On De<:ember31, 1981, the union participated in occupying the Municipal Palace, in order to pressure the government into fulfilling certain promises to our oommunities. In Mexico, we indigenous women arc still suffer. ing the consequences of 500 years of oolonialism, of economic exploitation, cultural domination, marginalization a.n d social discrimination. We arc ronfronting a strong power structure, maintained by men who hunger for gold, and who transform their will into laws, which makes justice into a business. As a consequence of this, many of our women and children arc the victims when we arc deprived of our rights to own land, the usc of our forests and mines, our indigenous systems of justice, education, health and communication. In 1981, the union participated actively in political negotiations. In our first mass mobilization, most of our people journeyed first to the city of Oaxaca and then on to Mexico Oty. 1his helped us to overcome our fear of the authorities. It was at this time that we realiud that we were facing not only local leaders, but also the official party, corrupt politicians and others in government. We recognized that we have to fight against many enemies. We indigenous women have survived due to the strong, sacred tradition which is our heritage passed on from our ancestors. The Zapoteca women of Yalalag have a system lcnown as El Tcquio, the center of all oommunity traditions, in which women, men, children and the elderly p.1rticipate... Unfortunately, politicians have institutionalIzed the Tequio as a strategy to impose government In order to consolidate the process of democratic struggle, one of our first actions was to take control of our schools. Education in indigenous towns is linked to productive work. We introduced programs to study our language, culture and traditional production in order to become more self-sufficient. We became more conscious of our own history. For these purposes we created a Community 40 SAIIC Newsletter �Development Project . After ten years, we have democratically elected municipal authorities, the community of Yalalag is achiev· ing its goals, and we are all participating. After examining these long and hard struggles the Yalalteca women have endured, we know that indigenous women can contribute greatly to transfonn the economic, political, religious and cultural conditions of our society. 'This is our contribution to our future generations. We have reflected upon our situation and have concluded that as women we are living in a very important period in history because we have begun to re-<?valuate our indigenous cultures and reclaim our rights to preserve and develop them. In Oaxaca., with the spiritual strength of Centeol (the Com Goddess), and of our ancestors we are reevaluating indigenous philosophy. We undersland and share feeling$ with other communities of the world which are struggling for popular freedom and women's liberation. Sadly, life for women in Oaxaca and Mexico is hard, bitter and tragic, but this does not mean that we indigenous peoples have lost the struggle. In fact, in the last 500 years, we have lost many battles, however we are privileged in that the roots of our community traditions go very deep and are sprouting. It is this spiritual strength which helps men and women to search for our true Iibera· lion. We are concerned that certain Indian leaders, involved with organizations at the international level are not adequately representing our communities. We indig· enous women must avoid supporting representatives which are based on personal interest We propose overhaul· ing these international organizations so that they be of use to our indigenous communities. To conclude, we indigenous women have a long and difficult road to follow, it is a rough path because we are immersed in alien economic and political structures. For the respect to self-determination of indigenous peoples, For the dignity of indigenous women, For the SQ/idarity of indigenous women all over the world. Juana Vasquez Vasquez of the Union of Yololteco Women,Ooxoco, Mexico . Indigenous Women of El Salvador Demand Respect for Human Rights and the Mother Earth (EI Salvador) The following u.zs presented by Rosa Leticia Caceres, the representative fr()tll the National Association of Indigenous People of El Salvador (ANIS) to the First South and Central American Indian Women's Gathering in Peru. We, the indigenous peoples, are suffering most from the lack of justice in our land. Not only is there a failure in the administration of justice, but we are a.lso threatened with guns and with beatings. We believe human rights abuses signify the gnawing away of our rights as established in the Constitution, since these rights are violated day after day, not only by the anny and the government but also by others who limit our ability to defend our most sacred individual rights. We continue to demand that the govemrnent and the FMlN observe the rights of each and every one of us and respect the rights of indigenous peoples as human beings. We, the Nahuat, Lenca and Mayan indigenous peoples, demand respect from the anny, the goverrunent and all other sectors of our society since we are the ones who nurture and cultivate the earth; we work the land with our own hands, and as women, we are the ones who carry our products to the markets to be sold. The social problems we confront today began for Indian people in 1492, with the Spanish invasion. They came to divide us, to rob us of our culture and our beliefs; they created borders when they had no right to do so because the land belongs to us, the Indians, now and forever. They divided us and imposed their own habits and life-styles. ' It is the indigendus people who carry the burden of the economic crisis that our counll)' is experiencing. We know that all aid has been spent on bullets and ammunition and that a large part of the national budget is invested in the anned forces instead of being directed towards helping the poorest of the poor· namely, the indigenous people of the country. We are also concerned by the increase in the price of basic grains and other general goods as a result of the devaluation of our currency. We are struggling for the respect, conservation and protection of natural resources. 'This arises from an attitude of respect for nature such as that which we, the indigenous peoples, hold. Instead of destroying nature, we respect it. The year 1492 for us marks the beginning of our persecution as Indians, the beginning of the invasion of our culture and of our Mother Earth. In response, we say: an end to the repression against the indigenous people of I;l Salvador! 500 years of death represent 500 years of resistance, and today we, the indigenous peoples, are here with greater presence and strength. Vol6 Nos 1&2 41 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Women of El Salvador Demand Respect for Human Rights and Mother Earth Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indigenous Women of El Salvador Demand Respect for Human Rights and Mother Earth Item Type Journal Article Volume 6 Issue 1,2 Pages 41 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note excerpt from a letter written adressing problems faced by the indigenous peoples Attachment Title abyayala_v06n01_02_p041.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] El Salvador Women https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/0be5fafa9c9002dc53ee2dcc2d072397.pdf 1d84e05ac2b739b204123741de468e37 PDF Text Text INDIGENOUS WOMEN OF MEXICO 10 YEARS LATER (Mexico) 1k follt1Wing uns wrillm by the Unum of Yalalttat Women in Oaxaca and sent to SAITC by Juana Vasquez. Indigenous peoples of Oaxaca and of Mexico have struggled to maintain a certain degree of community sclf· dctcnnination.1hisgivesusdignityas men and women and protect us from the usurpation of our territories, and gives us the possibility to control our own destinies. None can deny that, in almost 500 years of exploitation and constant oppression, that which is unique to indigenous communities has been almost erased and buried forever. 1his has happened not only in Oaxaca, but in all the Americas. Nevertheless, our enemies have failed. As we near the end of the 20th century, we Indian people arc regaining the strength and courage to defend and reclaim our dignity and identity. programs and regulations on indigenous communities. Zapoteca women ofYalalag arc not indifferent to all these problems. We arc Involved in the enduring task of searching for solutions. We have woven our own history and oontinue weaving it, impregnated by great ideals which arc nurtured by life's daily events and with strong effort and sac:rifice. The Incorporation of Yalalteca women Into the political struggle was significant. We have been participat· ing quietly and humbly. On December 24,1980, for the first time in the history of our oommunity, more than 400 women bega. to consciously and vociferously participate in n the struggle for community self-determination. We formed our own system of defense: The Union of Yalalteca Women. On De<:ember31, 1981, the union participated in occupying the Municipal Palace, in order to pressure the government into fulfilling certain promises to our oommunities. In Mexico, we indigenous women arc still suffer. ing the consequences of 500 years of oolonialism, of economic exploitation, cultural domination, marginalization a.n d social discrimination. We arc ronfronting a strong power structure, maintained by men who hunger for gold, and who transform their will into laws, which makes justice into a business. As a consequence of this, many of our women and children arc the victims when we arc deprived of our rights to own land, the usc of our forests and mines, our indigenous systems of justice, education, health and communication. In 1981, the union participated actively in political negotiations. In our first mass mobilization, most of our people journeyed first to the city of Oaxaca and then on to Mexico Oty. 1his helped us to overcome our fear of the authorities. It was at this time that we realiud that we were facing not only local leaders, but also the official party, corrupt politicians and others in government. We recognized that we have to fight against many enemies. We indigenous women have survived due to the strong, sacred tradition which is our heritage passed on from our ancestors. The Zapoteca women of Yalalag have a system lcnown as El Tcquio, the center of all oommunity traditions, in which women, men, children and the elderly p.1rticipate... Unfortunately, politicians have institutionalIzed the Tequio as a strategy to impose government In order to consolidate the process of democratic struggle, one of our first actions was to take control of our schools. Education in indigenous towns is linked to productive work. We introduced programs to study our language, culture and traditional production in order to become more self-sufficient. We became more conscious of our own history. For these purposes we created a Community 40 SAIIC Newsletter �Development Project . After ten years, we have democratically elected municipal authorities, the community of Yalalag is achiev· ing its goals, and we are all participating. After examining these long and hard struggles the Yalalteca women have endured, we know that indigenous women can contribute greatly to transfonn the economic, political, religious and cultural conditions of our society. 'This is our contribution to our future generations. We have reflected upon our situation and have concluded that as women we are living in a very important period in history because we have begun to re-<?valuate our indigenous cultures and reclaim our rights to preserve and develop them. In Oaxaca., with the spiritual strength of Centeol (the Com Goddess), and of our ancestors we are reevaluating indigenous philosophy. We undersland and share feeling$ with other communities of the world which are struggling for popular freedom and women's liberation. Sadly, life for women in Oaxaca and Mexico is hard, bitter and tragic, but this does not mean that we indigenous peoples have lost the struggle. In fact, in the last 500 years, we have lost many battles, however we are privileged in that the roots of our community traditions go very deep and are sprouting. It is this spiritual strength which helps men and women to search for our true Iibera· lion. We are concerned that certain Indian leaders, involved with organizations at the international level are not adequately representing our communities. We indig· enous women must avoid supporting representatives which are based on personal interest We propose overhaul· ing these international organizations so that they be of use to our indigenous communities. To conclude, we indigenous women have a long and difficult road to follow, it is a rough path because we are immersed in alien economic and political structures. For the respect to self-determination of indigenous peoples, For the dignity of indigenous women, For the SQ/idarity of indigenous women all over the world. Juana Vasquez Vasquez of the Union of Yololteco Women,Ooxoco, Mexico . Indigenous Women of El Salvador Demand Respect for Human Rights and the Mother Earth (EI Salvador) The following u.zs presented by Rosa Leticia Caceres, the representative fr()tll the National Association of Indigenous People of El Salvador (ANIS) to the First South and Central American Indian Women's Gathering in Peru. We, the indigenous peoples, are suffering most from the lack of justice in our land. Not only is there a failure in the administration of justice, but we are a.lso threatened with guns and with beatings. We believe human rights abuses signify the gnawing away of our rights as established in the Constitution, since these rights are violated day after day, not only by the anny and the government but also by others who limit our ability to defend our most sacred individual rights. We continue to demand that the govemrnent and the FMlN observe the rights of each and every one of us and respect the rights of indigenous peoples as human beings. We, the Nahuat, Lenca and Mayan indigenous peoples, demand respect from the anny, the goverrunent and all other sectors of our society since we are the ones who nurture and cultivate the earth; we work the land with our own hands, and as women, we are the ones who carry our products to the markets to be sold. The social problems we confront today began for Indian people in 1492, with the Spanish invasion. They came to divide us, to rob us of our culture and our beliefs; they created borders when they had no right to do so because the land belongs to us, the Indians, now and forever. They divided us and imposed their own habits and life-styles. ' It is the indigendus people who carry the burden of the economic crisis that our counll)' is experiencing. We know that all aid has been spent on bullets and ammunition and that a large part of the national budget is invested in the anned forces instead of being directed towards helping the poorest of the poor· namely, the indigenous people of the country. We are also concerned by the increase in the price of basic grains and other general goods as a result of the devaluation of our currency. We are struggling for the respect, conservation and protection of natural resources. 'This arises from an attitude of respect for nature such as that which we, the indigenous peoples, hold. Instead of destroying nature, we respect it. The year 1492 for us marks the beginning of our persecution as Indians, the beginning of the invasion of our culture and of our Mother Earth. In response, we say: an end to the repression against the indigenous people of I;l Salvador! 500 years of death represent 500 years of resistance, and today we, the indigenous peoples, are here with greater presence and strength. Vol6 Nos 1&2 41 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, nos. 1&amp;2 (spring/summer 1991) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Women of Mexico 10 Years Later Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Vasquez Juana Union of Yalalteca Women in Oaxaca Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1991 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Indigenous Women of Mexico 10 Years Later Item Type Journal Article Contributor Vasquez Juana Union of Yalalteca Women in Oaxaca Volume 6 Issue 1&2 Pages 40-41 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1991 Language English Abstract Note The women of Mexico still fight colonial oppression. Attachment Title Indigenous_Women_Of_Mexico_10_Years_Later.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Indigenous women Mexico Oaxaca Women Zapotec https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/c4de8b7430c8e94d7832c372e9c5ba1c 3acdc09d831762b2527c95053e933c1d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, no. 4 (34-35).pdf PDF Text Text THESE STA.HMENTS WEJ!...E MA.D E BY WOMEN A.T THE INDic;ENOUS INDIGENOUS WOMEN A.ND 500 YEA.R.J OF RHISTA.NCE TESTIMONY BY LIDIA ANITY- BoLIVIA I would like to begin by saying that for us, as indigenous people, these 500 years have not been cause for a celebration. Instead, we are mourning the genoJUNE 2.8 -30, 1992 IN cide and ethnocide that our indigenous nations of Abya SA.NTA. CJ!...UZ, Y ala have suffered. IWLJVIA.. THE The violence carried out under the pretext of civi<:;A.THEJ!...IN<:; WAS lization has cost us the loss of our language. In our classrooms, we areprohibitedfrom speakingourmother SPONSOJ!...ED BY THE tongue, and wearing our own forms of dress. We are WOMEN'S forced to change our eating habits, our health is endanINHJ!...NA.TIONA.L gered, and we are exposed to all that is harmful to us. LEA.c;UE FOJ!... PEA.CE This is the way that many programs have been in Latin America, that is to say in our own nations. For A.ND Ff!...HDOM. example, OFASA arrives, telling us what we indigenous people should eat, and then the production of our own food diminishes. Along with that, they want to control our birth rates. As women, weaskourselves, "Why do they want to exterminate us?" Also in our towns and villages there is an exchange or barter economy. To them this seemed very dangerous, as it promotes much contact among ourselves. That is why Strong participation of women at they imposed the monetary system, the conference. Photo SAIIC so that what we create and produce can turn into commerce. A clear sign of this in Bolivia is the sale of land to foreign groups, because they say that foreigners generate income. As for us indigenous people, they say that we don 'thave the capacity to make a profit That is what the capitalists say, and thus the government favors the WOMEN'S HMJNA.f!..., 34 foreigners. Before and after colonization, we women have had the power to make decisions. That is why when we exercise authority, we exercise it jointly as husband and wife. In fact, often the influence of the woman is greater, since she is the principal element within the home. Thus, we see that indigenous women are capable of deciding for themselves in their husband's absence. Also in the name of civilization, religion personified in statues was introduced. How can a plaster God hear? However in our indigenous nation there exist our own gods. For example, for each activity a ''Wajt' a" or offering is made to the Earth Mother, thanking her for her gifts; and an offering is made to Tata Illimani thanking him for the rains, etc. There exists much discriminationagainstourpeople and our communities, since we are seen as second- and third-class people, saying that we are like wild animals. For us it is a humiliation, that investigations of our life-styles are carried out and published about us. Because we, as nations, can make known our own reality. We have the ability to write about our lives without putting Nature aside, without losing sight of all that surrounds us. INDIGENOUS SUR..VIVA.L A.ND RESISTA.NCE TESTIMONY BY GLORIDALIA GoNzALES-PANAMA After the conquest and colonization, those who remained on our Island devoted themselves to fishing and cultivating rice, com, and coconuts. The women were the ones who took care of the seeds, watered, tended the plants, and harvested. At the same time, they were the ones who have maintained our culture, which they have transmitted to their children from generation to generation, thus preserving the wisdom and knowledge of the Kuna culture and people. SAIIC Newsletter �Through the making of the MOLAS, and the WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND INDIGENOVS CHAQUIRAS (headwork) that we call WINI, we as RIGHTS Kunawomenaretheoneswhoprovideagreatpartofthe TESTIMONY BY CARMEN GUAL.AN- EcUADOR income of our communities and our families. In sum, women have participated and continue to Weindianshavetherighttolife,notdeath; to land, participate in production, women have beenresponsible not poverty; to education, not ignorance; and to create for household income, for culture, handicrafts, plant our own political strategies based on Indian thought knowledge, and family unity within the Kuna commu- We have the right to our territories where we can nities. develop our culture, because the Earth is Mother to the While recognizing women's participation in Re- Indians. We have aright to our own medicine, our own sistance and in survival, we see that they still remain diet, our own government, our own laws. marginalized and discriminated against, both without We have the right to our own original spirituality, and within their own culture. toourowntraditions. As women, wewantourchildren While indigenous men are marginalized in rela- to be respected, that they not be vaccinated with chemitionship to non-indigenous men, in terms of education, health, work, and political life, that is to say in all spheres, it hurts us to see that indigenous women are marginalized and oppressed for their condition 1) as women, 2) as poor people, and 3) as indigenous people. So we have the situation that regarding education, the majority of indigenous women are illiterate and as a result do not have jobs. If a Kuna woman and a Kuna man perform a job, the woman receives a lesser salary. The same thing happens in our political life. For example, in our community congress wedonothave the right to vote nor to speak. This does not mean that we want our Kuna brothers to lose their rights, rather that we have the right to participate and exercise the same rights as them. I want to emphasize that even if we obtain these same rights, th~t is not even a small portion of the rights Delegates to the conference in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. of indigenous peoples, both men and women, that we Photo SAIIC are struggling for. As indigenous women we participate in and lay claim to the struggles of indigenous commu- cal medicines. That our mothers not be controlled by nities, and it is on their behalf that we ask that the contraceptives. struggle of indigenous women be a part of this great Aswomenandascommunities, we want to particieffort to reclaim our culture and our rights, which were pate in the national parliament, where we can express taken from us 500 years ago. and shape what we want and feel. Again I point out that through our participation, we Enough of 500 years of exploitation and maintain our own culture and identity. We have been marginalization, wherelndianshavenot been respected. protagonists in the history of the Resistance and survival We do not want any more machismo, but want for men of our communities. Today we demand that our rights and women together to have the same rights. As women, we are the base of an organization, we be recognized, that the blood of our anonymous women who fought culture be recognized, for having allowed are the ones who maintain our culture, identity, and me, my daughter, my mother, and my people to be here traditions. Weare the ones who truly cultivate the earth. today, 500 years later. We also want for our Indian doctors to be reAnd in honor to her, to that original Kuna woman, spected, because we want the right to have our own our mola workshop bears her name, KIKADIRYAI. hospitals. We want all of these to be respected- our She was the first woman who taught us to sew and to hills and mountains, our sacred places, the lakes, the design molas; who maintained the mola tradition animals, our land, the sky - , because they are all throughout the years, which has been the economic base sacred to our people; but to the capitalists these are only for many Kuna families over time. things to use for business. They believe that they own The resistance and survival that the Kuna women the whole world, they divide it up amongst themselves, had in face of the Spanish, is the same that we have today only to make themselves richer and richer. in face of the North American government 6 Num 4 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 4 (Fall 1992) (English) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indigenous Women's Gathering in Bolivia (Indian Women) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Indigenous Women's Gathering in Bolivia (Indian Women) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, no. 4 (34-35).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5e29526b8348598a5d371e8fb411d2c9 b698e50d419f94c4004a8585b24e73c9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 3&4 (19-22).pdf PDF Text Text "Esta mal, cuando un gobierno extranjero viene a un pais, toma sangre de su gente sin explicar las implicaciones reales y después trata de patentar sus genes con fines de lucro. Pat Mooney, RAFI Executive Director. "Tomar elADN humano y patentar sus productos es una violación a la vida misma, y a nuesto mas profundo sentido de la moral" Isidro A costa, Presidente del Congreso General Guaymi. INDUSTRJA. BIOTECNOLÓc;ICA. A.NTES Q_UE RESPONSA.B!LIDA.D SOCIA.L: ' 1 E DANl ELA 5P1WAK i usted aún no a oído hablar sobre los logros científicos en cuanto a genética humana, pronto lo hará. Mientras avanza la década, la biotecnología y la ciencia amplían su impacto sobre las comunidades indígenas con incalculables repercuciones para el futuro de la humanidad. En nuestra revista anterior (Volúmen 7, Número 1 y 2) dimos un breve reporte sobre el Proyecto de Diversidad del Genoma Humano.. Desde entonces mayor información ha estado disponible y patentes sobre genes Indígenas han sido reveladas. El siguiente artículo espera dilucidar los Vol. 7 No. 3 & 4 diferentes componentes e implicaciones asociados con el Proyecto de Diversidad del Genoma Humano resaltando su impacto sobre los Pueblos Indígenas alrededor del mundo y las medidas que se han tomado al respecto. Mientras los beneficios potenciales no deben ser subestimados, muchas de las cuestiones relativas a este proyecto desde los métodos empleados en su ejecución, hasta la exclusión de representantes indígenas en las discusiones; y desde la compensación económica, hasta una potencial guerra biológica- están siendo seriamente cuestionadas por organizaciones Indígenas y grupos internacionales de apoyo. Es escencial que todas las consecuencias previsibles e implicaciones asociadas con el Proyecto de Diversidad del Genoma Humano sean tomadas en cuenta antes de que un daño mayor ocurra. Guiados por la premisa de que la composición genética se diferencia mínimamente de un grupo étnico a otro, los organizadores del proyecto esperan descubrir las razones por las cuales las enfermedades varían según 19 �PROYECTO DEl GENOMA HUMANO (Oc~nome •·r"'""'''"<~ USA): Un esfuerzo de tres míl millones de dólares que empezó en i 988 con el propósito de delinear cada uno de los cien mil genes encontrados dentro de los cromosomas y secuenciar el ADN humano para el año 2005. Financiado por el Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Estados Unidos (NIH} y el Departamento de Energía de los Estados Unidos (DOE). ACTORES: 1. American Type Culture Collection, localizado en Rockville, MD. Colecta todo tipo de material genético, incluyendo 60.000 materiales poco comunes desde levadura hasta células humanas y virus de plantas (3). Depósito legal de la Oficina de Patentes y Marcas Registradas de Estados Unidos para el material vivo. 2. Compañías Privadas debiotecnología. 3. Varias Universidades incluyendo la Universidad de California en losAngeles (UCLA), la Universidad de California en Berkeley, Stanford y Yale. su localización geográfica, y encontrar entonces si tal variación es causada por la adaptación humana al medio ambiente local, o por cambios en la estructura genética. A través de estos descubrimientos se espera que nuevos métodos para el tratamiento de enfermedades mortales como el cáncer y el SIDA, entre otros, puedan ser desarrollados. METODO Según las investigaciones de RAFI , se han tomado muestras de material genético de 722 grupos Indígenas. Los siguientes puntos dan un breve panorama del proceso de selección y de investigación de dicho material en el laboratorio: 1) Recolección de células de la sangre, el cabello y los tejidos de la boca de la población seleccionada. 2) Traslado de las muestras al laboratorio (en un lapso no mayor a 48 horas), donde las plaquetas de la sangre serán inmortalizadas. Las plaquetas son cultivadas en el laboratorio para después ser congeladas en nitrógeno líquido. Cada célula contiene un grupo completo de ADN. Este proceso permite la preservación indefinida de los genes para futuros estudios. 3) Una vez en esta forma, las células se transforman en "celllines" (células con divisiones continuas que pueden proveer un, teoricamente infinito, material genético. 4) El ADN está listo para ser depositado y almacenado en "Bancos" alrededor del mundo. El material depositado estará disponible para futuras investigaciones. Los resultados de estas investigaciones pueden entonces ser patentados. El hecho de que representantes y organizaciones indígenas no hayan sido consultados o incluídos en el proceso de planeación, ilustra la inadecuada forma en la cual el proyecto está siendo adelantado. Temas relativos a patentes, desviación de fondos, acceso a la información y violación a los derechos humanos, no han sido tomados con la seriedad que merecen por los organizadores del proyecto. l. Propiedad y Patentes Es sabido que algunos productos y procesos relacionados con el material extraído tendrán un considerable valor comercial. Pero una vez patentado el material extraído de una "cell line" humana, cómo se determinará una compensación? Qué sistemas se han implementado para asegurar que los indígenas serán compensados de manera apropiada por todas las ganancias comerciales?. Hasta hoy, estos interrogantes no han sido respondidos. Estados Unidos por su parte está luchando para que la posibilidad de patentar cualquier forma de vida sea incluída dentro del Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio (GATT). Este acuerdo requiere que los Estados participantes adopten leyes de propiedad intelectual que cubran material microbial y variedades de plantas. El material genético humano, no está específicamente excluído. Noticias de Abya ·vala �- 11. Facmdades de Almacenamiento: Banco Mundial de ADN El objetivo es crear varios "Bancos mundiales" de ADN que incluyan facilidades de almacenamiento tanto a nivel regional como nacional y permitir el acceso de agencias gubernamentales, corporaciones, fundaciones e investigadores interesados. La información entonces, estará disponible a todo el que tenga interés, incluyendo las instituciones que han participado en la guerra opresora y genocida contra los Pueblos Indígenas durante 500 años. i 1 sur, temas sobre desarrollo y soberanía nacional están en tela de juicio, y los derechos humanos fundamentales están, en cualquier lugar, amenazados. la Patente un ejemplo de lo que por venir A pesar de los esfuerzos de los organizadores del proyecto para hacerlo aparecer benigno, equitativo y absolutamente necesario, la reciente aplicación hecha por el Secretario del Departamento de Comercio de los Estados Unidos, Ron Brawn, para patentar el cell line de una mujer Guaymi de 26 años de edad, de Panamá, ilustra los posibles peligros y la factibilidad de que el proyecto m. Desviación de Fondos La exhorbitante cantidad de dinero esté fuera de control. Colectada bajo necesaria para implementar el circunstancias dudosas, la cellline proyecto podría ser usada para de esta mujer se encuentra en estos mejorar las actuales condiciones de momentos en el American Type CulCollection (ATCC). vida en las que muchos de los grupos ture "seleccionados" viven. El dinero Investigaciones hechas por Isidro prodría ser utilizado para que los Acosta, Presidente del Congreso Gengrupos en "vías de extinción" superen eral Guaymi y Pat Mooney, Director de alguna manera esta crítica situación Ejecutivo de Rafi, sobre la más que para re-crearlos e · repatriación del cell line al Pueblo Guaymi, han encontrado respuestas "inmortalizados" en laboratorios. ambiguas. La cellline continua en manos del gobierno de los Estados IV. Violación a los Derechos Unidos y de la ATCC en contra de Humanos La propiedad privada sobre mate- los deseos de su dueño original. A un nivel más amplio cabe rial biológico humano pone en cuestión temas sociales, éticos y preguntarse que sucedería si el políticos. Las naciones gobierno de los Estados Unidos logra industrializadas están presionando legalizar las patentes para material por el establecimiento de normas humano bajo el GATT. Sumado a esto internacionales sobre propiedad hay reportes de otros posibles reclamos intelectual con el objetivo, en última de patentes de cell lines Navajo y instancia, de imponer leyes mundiales también de la activa recolección que para patentar formas de vida. En el se está llevando a cabo en Colombia. VoL 7 No. 3 & 4 GENOMA HUMANO: 100.000 genes. Contienen la información genética de todo individuo. Se encuentra en todas las células del cuerpo humano. OAGANIZACION DEl GENOMA HUMANO: Genome \,Jr!;)OiliiZClltlon: . Centro financiero del proyecto con sede en Londres. Presidente: Walter Bodmer. Vicepresidente: Charles Cantor. Costos y Finandadón: 1. PROYECTO DE DIVERSIDAD DEl GENOMA HUMANO: El proyecto inicial tendrá una duración de cinco años y se prevea para esta etapa un costo entre 23 y 35 millones de dólares. Se espera colectar entre 10.000 y 15.000 ejemplos de especímenes humanos. El costo total promedio por muestra esta entre 500 y 2300 dólares (4). Actualmente se busca financiación de agencias gubernamentales y fundaciones privadas. La financiación vendrá probablemente de la Fundación Nacional de Ciencias de los estados Unidos. Se espera obtener parte del dinero concedido al Proyecto de Genoma humano. 2. PROYECTO DEl GENOMR HUMANO: Costo total aproximado tresmil millones de dólares, diez veces la cantidad de dinero usualmente dada para investigaciones científicas. Financiado por el Instituto Nacional de Salud y el Departamento de Energía de Estados Unidos. �i ¡: i: í! j' ~ente~iy Notas: ~ J ! l. .. ,; ' ." .~ RAFIPress Release, 1 2. Stfób~l, Gabrielle "World l. 3;.RAEÍ:'.~::Jlhe Part That Feeds Communique, 5.! New Scientist, May 6. 4.!ªPI 22 22, 1993 -Patenting RaceisAJ(ectin Noticias de Abya Yala � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, Nos. 3&4 (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Industria Biotecnologica antes ques Responsiblidad Social: Proyecto de Diversidad del Genoma Humano Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall/Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Industria Biotecnologica antes ques Responsiblidad Social: Proyecto de Diversidad del Genoma Humano Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 7, nos. 3&4 (19-22).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 3 and 4 Language Spanish Publication Title Noticias de Abya Yala Volume 7 Author Daniela Spiwak Abstract Note Concerns about the impact of the Human Genome Diversity Project on Indigenous Peoples are raised. No indigenous representatives or organizations have been included in the planning of the project. Misuse of information gathered during the project has become a concern. Pages 19-22