53 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/f7e1510ece6bcd62ae43583fcfba6682 93d12d948926f89e0bd91673d0cd4383 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (32-33).pdf PDF Text Text Tawahkas), Pimienta (los Miskitos) y Las Mariás (los Pesch) han obtenido "garantías provisionales" para las escrituras de sus tierras para noviembre. Les fueron negadas las escrituras a los hombres armados que reclamaban las tierras cerca de Krautara. Por primera vez en la historia de la Mosquitia hondureña, los pueblos indígenas han conseguido del gobierno "alguna" garantía de seguridad para sus tierras. Sin embargo, las garantías solo son provisionales y la lucha seguirá hasta que todos los pueblos indígenas de la Mosquita consigan garantías permanentes para sus tierras. En noviembre los representantes de las organizaciones indígenas viajaron a Panamá para una conferencia con los Kunas sobre la administración indígena de los bosques tropicales. Ellos se mostraron muy contentos de intercambiar información con otras organizaciones indígenas. Uno puede comunicarse con ellos a traves de: Mopawi Apartado Postal2175 Tegucigalpa, D.C. Honduras, America Central 1 Me llamo Carlos Maibeth. Soy un indígena Miskito de Nicaragua. Recientemente participé en el Cuarto Congreso Bienal sobre el Destino y Esperanza de la Tierra como miembre del Comité Directivo de SAIIC. El congreso se realizó en Managua, Nicaragua el pasado junio. Allí se expresaron deseos de unidad entre los indígenas y los ecologistas, ya que ambos comparten la lucha por el derecho a vivir en medio ambiente saludable. Una de las mesas de trabajo del congreso trató específicamente sobre temas indígenas. Estuvieron otros cinco indígenas en la mesa de discuciones. Ellos fueron : l. Moringe Parkipuny, indígena Masai y miembro del Parlamento de Tanzania, quien está trabajando sobre un plan de acción para el uso de la tierra y recursos naturales y está evaluando los efectos de estas actividades en los sistemas de Parques Nacionales, y sus efectos socioeconómicos en el Africa Oriental, 2. Sarah James de la comunidad de los Gwi' chinAthabascan de Alas ka, miembro del Consejo Tradicional de las Comunidades Articas, 3. Tony Gonzales, Seri-Chicano Coordinador del Consejo Internacional de Tratados Indios, 4. Hazel Law, Indígena Miskita, �DiputadodelatribuMiskitoenlaAsambleaNacional Nicaraguense y 5. Elacio Holmes, tambiénMiskito y representante de Kisan por la Paz. Algunas de las conclusiones a las que llegamos en la conferencia fueron: Los congresistas se mostraron profundamente preocopados por el futuro de la vida en nuestro planeta. La expansión de la crisis del Medio Ambiente y de Derechos Humanos, el subdesarrollo y el militarismo, son síntomas de problemas más profundos. Hasta el momento se han atacado los síntomas, pero debemos ir a las raíces del problema. Se reconoció que es un derecho fundamental de todos los habitantes del mundo vivir y desarrollarse en un ambiente saludable. Se denunciaron como irresponsables las políticas inspiradas por criterios económicos o de consumo. Ya que estas políticas miopes solo benefician a unos cuantos a se organizan para poner fin a esta situación. Durante el Congreso se reafirmó la soberanía y el derecho inalienable de cada comunidad a elegir, sin interferencia, el modelo de organización política socíal y económica que sea adecuado a sus intereses, los cuales están determinados por la historia, tradición y cultura de cada pueblo, tomando en cuenta que es responsabilidad de todos salvaguardar la biósfera. Se condenó, particularmente, los intentos de transferir los modelos actuales de industrialización a los países en desarrollo y se enfatizó que estos modelos conducen a un consumo excesivo y desperdicio de recursos naturales conllevando a una destrucción del medio ambiente; es evidente que los países industrializados alcanzan sus niveles de desarrollo a cambio de un deterioro y contaminación cada vez mas acelerado de los recursos naturales y de la biósfera en general. Todos, en este planeta, estamos pagando el precio del alto nivel de vida de los países industrializados del Norte. El Congreso reconoció el derecho fundamental de los indígenas a la protección de sus instituciones, propiedades, organizaciones, trabajo, territorio y sobre todo, de sus recursos naturales. La sobrevivencia de estas culturas contribuye directamente al desarrollo sostenido, no solo de sus países sino de todo el mundo. costa de la mayoría de la población del mundo. Cada vez se ve más claro que la degradación social y del Medio Ambiente están íntimamente relacionadas y afectan tanto al Hemisferio Sur como al Norte. Los problemas del Medio Ambiente son transferidos del Norte al Sur, pero luego vuelven a afectar a los países de origen. También se discutió el hecho de que estamos destruyendo a la naturaleza más allá de su capacidad de regeneración. Por primera vez en la historia de la humanidad la biósfera (la parte de la tierra donde la vida es posible) está amenazada seriamente. Por todo esto y animados por un sentido de justicia y solidaridad, personas de todo el mundo 1 Los Tohono O'odham Luchan por la Soberania u Somos un pueblo. La frontera entre los Estados Unidos y México no es nuestra frontera. Los cercos que encierran nuestras tierras � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Informe sobre el Congreso sobre el Destino y Esperanza de la Tierra (Nicaragua) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Setiembre 1989 - Marzo 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Informe sobre el Congreso sobre el Destino y Esperanza de la Tierra (Nicaragua) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (32-33).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Language Spanish Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 32-33 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Volume 5 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/3b61a003e4f3b65bb37106a4f4db2b4a a6bdd24ef81ba9bfeed0beb6b4f41ad7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (29-30).pdf PDF Text Text cortada y no los 3.10 ($0.81 US) que actuelmente están pagando. Ante el arribo del aniversario de la huelga en la costa sur,los finqueros iniciaron una política de represión por medio de la existencia de grupos armados en sus propiedades, que amenazan, persiguen, controlan y secuestran a los trabajadores. El ingenio Concepción y otras fincas más fueron totalmente cercadas con alambres de púas y en la primera dos helicópteros con hombres de seguridad vigilan las inmediaciones constantemente ... El16 de enero pasado, la UASP realizó una manifestación de protesta por el agravamiento de la crisis económica y política en el país y, durante la misma, entregó un pliego de peticiones al presidente Vinicio Cerezo. En este, los trabajadores del campo y la ciudad pedíamos al presidente que intervenga de una vez por todas para lograr la reactivación de la economía del país; que intervenga para frenar las recientes medidas económicas gubernamentales que están lesionando los intereses de los sectores más pobres de Guatemala, como son las alzas en las tarifas de electricidad, agua y transporte; que intervenga para frenar la descarada devaluación del Quetzal, lo que solo tiente como consecuencia el aumento de la inflación y, por lo tanto, del precio de los productos de primera necesidad. Asimismo, la UASP le pide al presidente que apoye el diálogo que los trabajadores vienen reclamando con la UNAGRO y el cese a la represión por parte de las fuerzas de seguridad y el alto a las reformas al Código de Trabajo que pretenden llevar a cabo el Congreso de la República y que lesionan los intereses de los sindicatos guatemaltecos ... A la honorable Asamblea de las Naciones Unidas: Somos 3 naciones en el país, los Mayas, Leneas, y Nahuats que trabajamos por la recuperación de la vida espiritual y cultural de nuestros ancestros con el amor y el derecho a la Madre Tierra. El8 de marzo de 1980 fuimos reconocidos por el poder ejecutivo del Ministerio del Interior como una entidad apolítica no lucrativa de servicio a las comunidades indígenas del país, conocida legalmente como ANIS (Asociación Nacional Indígena Salvadoreña). ANISes una asociación al servicio de las comunidades con el fin de promover el desarrollo de la vida cultural y espiritual de nuestro pueblo para investigar, analizar y buscar solución a los problemas de nuestra asociación. Velar por el cumplimiento de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos proclamada por las Naciones Unidas, porque las naciones indígenas hemos sufrido y estamos sufriendo serias violaciones a los derechos humanos: El día 22 de febrero de 1983, 74 indios de la comarca de Las Hojas fueron capturados a las 6 de la mañana y asesinados 2 horas más tarde por más de 200 soldados al mando del Coronel Elmer Gonzales Arau jo y ejecutados por el Capitán Carlos Alfonso Figueroa Morales y el Mayor Osear León Linares del Destacamento Militar #6 de las ciudad de Sonsonate. Hasta hoy en 1990, las violaciones y masacres continúan en nuestro país, como lo que sucedió con los 6 sacerdotes Jesuitas de la Universidad Católica José Simeón Cañas y a una doméstica y su hija, quienes fueron asesinados por las autoridades militares. Al día siguiente, el17 �de noviembre en la comarca Siguapilapa, juridicción de Teotpeque, Departamento La Libertad fueron capturados más indígenas de dicho lugar y fueron conducidos al Destacamiento #6 de la ciudad de Sonsonate donde les detuvieron en fuerte interrogación y fueron maltratados físicamente. Después les hicieron firmar un acta diciendo que serían asesinados por otras organizaciones y no por miembros del ejército y dar a conocer en el país que no hay violaciones a los derechos humanos, para justificar que el ejército está al servicio del pueblo. También, el caso del hermano Natividad de Jesús Mondragón, miembro de la Junta Directiva de ANIS y Valentín Peres, Presidente de la Asociación del Municipio de Sto. Domingo de Guzmán, Departamento de Sonsonate, que fueron perseguidos; Mondragón fue capturado y llevado al cuartel de Usulutlán y tambien el caso de nuestro líder espiritual Adrián Esquino Lisco a quien le han atentado contra su vida y su familia que fue amenzada. Por todo esto y muchísimos otros actos de violaciones a las vidas del ser humano, humildemente y con todo respeto, solicitamos a esta honorable Asamblea por justicia para que exista una verdadera democracia en nuestro país, que investigen la situación indígena en nuestra nación y que se haga responsable al gobierno salvadoreño por estas injusticias y violaciones a los derechos humanos y que esta asamblea ponga sus ojos y sus corazones para que nosotros los indígenas seamos escuchados. Humildemente les damos gracias en el nombre de nuestras Naciones Indígenas Salvadoreñas. La Junta Directiva Nacional de ANIS Febrero, 1990 LOS "Garantías Provisionales" para sus Derechos de En enero de 1988 un grupo de mestizos fuertemente armados llegó al borde del aislado pueblo llamado Krautara, una comunidad de cerca de cuarenta indígenas Tawahka (Sumo hondureños). Cuando los líderes de Krautara se les acercaron preguntando porqué ellos demarcaban tierras Tawahka, ellos contestaron que acababan de comprar todas las tierras río arriba de Krautara. Los Tawahka han cultivado y vivido en estas tierras duante siglos. La gente de Krautara y Krausirpe, un pueblo cercano y más grande, respondieron a esta acción inmediatamente, a traves de FITH (la Federación de Indígenas Tawahka de Honduras) juntando un donativo de determinada cantidad de cada familia para mandar una pequeña delegación que solicite ayuda legal por parte de organizaciones de desarrollo y de abogados del interior hondureño. Los indígenas Tawahka, Miskito y Pesch viven en el nordeste de Honduras, una zona conocida como la Mosquitia desde la época de la invasión europea. Los indígenas que viven allí suman más de 40.000, de los cuales los Miskitos forman la gran mayoría. Su economía de subsistencia les ha permitido vivir en relativa armonía con ese medio ambiente tan frágil, y ha contribuido de forma positiva para conservar una de las extensiones más grandes de bosque tropical. Por eso, en Mosquitia viven especies de plantas y animales que han dejado de existir en otras zonas de Centroamérica. Sin embargo, en los últimos 15 o 20 años, unos 35.000 mestizos han invadido la Mosquitia en calidad de refugiados de las zonas del centro y del sur de Honduras � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Informe sobre Violacion de los Derechos Humanos de los Indigenas del Salvador (El Salvador) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Setiembre 1989 - Marzo 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Informe sobre Violacion de los Derechos Humanos de los Indigenas del Salvador (El Salvador) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (29-30).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Language Spanish Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 29-30 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Volume 5 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/d40888bb31c55adf6f03f8d5642247b3.pdf 399e8738333cbed2be8355f827cf14af PDF Text Text IN BRIE F Indigenous Leaders Awarded Goldman Environmental Prize Indigenous Groups in Argentina Push for Rights Under New Constitution OnApril18. 1994. Luis Macas president of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAl E) and Mathew Coon Come. grand chief of the Cree were awarded the prestigious Goldman Environmental Prize in San Francisco, California. The prize includes a no-strings attached $60,000 grant. Macas was recognized for his role in the 1990 Levantamiento lndigena (Indigenous uprising) in Ecuador which forced the government to seriously negotiate the conditions for oil drilling in the Ecuadorian Amazon. He was also praised for his role in the negotiations between CONAIE and the Ecuadorian govemmem which resulted in a sweeping settlement giving Indigenous nations title to three million hectares of rainforest in the Amazon. Coon Come has worked for decades to oppose the Quebec government's monumental plans for hydroelectric dam building in James Bay. Both these struggles put Indigenous and environmemal organizations against some or the world's most powerful forces. With these awnrds, the Goldman foundation has helped give world attention and stature to these leader's struggles. Following is Luis Mac.1s' statement at the cercmO· The fifteen Indigenous nations in Argetnina arc car');ng out a country-wide mobilization in response to the opening of a process for constitutional revision. lncligcnous groups are pressuring the national congress to finally include an article nies. arrival of wescem civilization tl1e plundering of natural resources was initiated as was the ta,~eover and destr'UCrion of our moeIter earth and the exploitation of our p<ople. This fntensivt and irralional exploitation of natural rtsmuces ca«sed not only impoverishment of Ute earth liUI has gener(l(ed poverty and the viola!ion of human rights among our t>eople in the South. nte culture ofcapitalism and avarice has forced i!Self on natur'c to achieve its goals no nuwer what the ~tcrifice. As <l reSilh, we: arc now experiendng an accelerated process of tnle globed collapse. st~ning their rights under the constitution . Indigenous orga- nizations held two assemblies regarding the issue of constitutional refonn and have drafted a proposal for rights to be included in the new constitution. The proposal's most important points were recognition that Indigenous peoples ex.isted before the creation of the National state and birth of the provinces; the recognition of the Argentinian Republicasa pluri-ethnicand pluri-cuhuralstate: the inclusion of rights to communal land ownership as well as control of all natural resources found in these lands: the right to educate their children in their own language and culture; and finally, the deletion of pan 15 of article 67oft he current <.:Onstitution whlch states lhm the govenment should •main' taina peaceful relationship with the Indians and promote their conversion to Catholicism•. After drafting these propos.1ls. rtpiXSCntatives of alithe Indigenous communities presented a declaration to the national congress to urge inclusion of these changes in the new constitution. .. .1Vitl1 tilt As inhabitancs of this planet, ft is vital and w~e111 to scop these crimes against nature mullife and worl: tort incegmteourselves wich the natuml world so as to rtdirea our p<Uit tOw(ir'd a more respectf«l and harmonious relarionship with i1. Tltt.s.: beliefs motivate us to defend our motl1tr ear·t11 and resist her des! ruction with her. Therefore it is important that wegain tille lo terrilmies which will guarmtlee !heir protection, nor only for «s, bwfor che benefit ofalllife... IVe have co oppose dtw'Uction and death with justice. sustainable developmen! and life. 4 lnnu Activists Blockade Hydro-Quebec Roads lnnu from the Coalition for Nitassinan (their traditional lands) supponed by observers set up camp on Mal' 29. blocking the access ro.•d which Hydro·Qucbec intends to use for construction of the massive Sainte-Marguerite Ill (SM Ill) hydroelectric project. Hydro-Quebec officials have rcportedlysoughtan official injunction against the blockade in ordc.r to remove the protesters. TheSM Ill project would be built in lnnuterritoryalongthe north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec. It would flood over 450 square km. and, possibly contaminate this area with the toxin methyl mercury. lnnu fear this (ontamination will render the region's fish, one of their main food sources, · �IN BRIEF uns.1fe to eat. In addition, the construction would divert tribUiaries from the Moisle river. reducing nows by up lO 42% of one of the world's most important salmon rivers. This could furtherendanger the Atlantic salmon. Reportedly, one million cubic meters of forest would also be c1earcut for the reservoir and access roads. Quebec hopes to sell power generated b)• the projects to utilities in the nonheastern US. Coalition Pour Nicassinan, 182 de l'Eglise, Mani·UConam. QC, Canada C4R4K2. Tel: 41.8·927·2102 Mapuche Exert Rights over Cultural Heritage On February 20. remains of human skeletons, pieces of Valdivian St)'le ceramics. a.nd a stone pipe were discovered at a construction site in the city of San Martin de Los Andes. Argentina. Representatives of the three Mapuche communi· lies in the region. the Curnohuinca. Vera, and Cayun. de· manded immediate return of the artifacts. stating. •\vc cannot accept any manipulation of these remains be il for scientific or other reasons. There is no doubt that these remains were found on ancestral Mapuche territory where oul:' ancestors rest and this is S3.Cred to us." The three communities, members of the Mapuche Organiza. tion ofTain Kine Cetuam held a series of public demonstrations and meetings with municipal authorities, from which they obtained a promise that the artifacts would be retumed 10 their "rightful heirs". The Mapuche remain concerned that this commitment will be kept. The discovery, also brought to light the lack of legislation (or protection of such ani facts. The Mapuche representatives n(){ed that protection oftheircullural heritage was the "most fundamental human right' of their people. First Restitution of Indigenous Remains in Argentina One hundred and six years after his death, the remains of the 19th century hero of Indian resistance, Cacique lnacayal, will be moved from the Museum of La Plata in the province of Buenos Aires, to the community ofTecka in Chubul . This is the first such restitution in Argemina. which recognizes that Voi.8No.l &2 the rights of the Indigenous communities precede scientific interest in these remains. lnacayallived his last days in the capital city, where he was brought with his family by the researcher FranciS<::o Moreno to Uve on his estate of•Paseo del Bosque'. On September 24, 1888 the chief died of sadness. Continental Indigenous Foundation Formed Indigenous leaders from throughout the continent came to Oakland, California on. April 16 for the founding meeting of the first foundation fonned and led by Indigenous people from South and Cemral America. SAIIC hosted this meeting for the Ab)•a Yala Fund during which the various leaders decided the foundation's strategies and goals. The foundation aims to ftmd projects developed by lndig· enouscommunities in South and Ccml'al America and Mexico. Areas of interest will be territory. environment, trainjng, selfdevelopment, women's issues. health, education. organizing. scholarships. and exchanges between Indigenous peoples. Anotherofthc foundation's goals will be to support I raining in lmen1ational communicalion. for example the improvement of communities' access to other foundations. The Abya \'ala fund ;'liso plans administrative training and assistance in elaboration of gram propos.,ls. The meeting pa.nicipams noted that it is time that the Indigenous communities have direct access to foundations and other fonns of financial and technical support for their development efforts aimed at improvi1\g living conditions. In addition they observed that hundreds of non-indigenous intermediary groups have been receiving funds to work with indigenous people or in the name of indigenous people, and that man}' of these fund have been wasted in administration. Intermediaries have at times also imposcd their political conditions on Indigenous communities. or have not been responsive to the communities' own interests. The Abya Yala Fund currently has an office in Oakland, Califor· nia. and aims to fom• regional offices in Central and South America, The fund is sponsored by the Tides Foundation umil it obtains legal stalliS. Donations are,.., deductible, and compu1ers. f.-.x machines. primers and other office equipment are grea.tly needed. Abya l'ala Fund c/o Tides Foundation 1388 Sutcer St, J9rh Floor, San Francisco, CA 94109. 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Innu Activists Blockade Hydro-Quebec Roads Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SAIIC Board of Directors Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Innu Activists Blockade Hydro-Quebec Roads Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 1&2 Pages 4-5 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous people block the construction of a hydroelectric project on their lands that could contaminate water sources and food supply. Attachment Title abya yala p4-5.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Hydroelectric protest Innu land rights Sainte-Mauregrite III https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/b113ac0148d101eaa11662b9671b7100 c64454905e929638e35ec925e76ed012 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, no. 4 (20).pdf PDF Text Text 1 i ,¡ 1 1 Afines del siglo 19 se inció en lo que es hoy en día la república Argentina, una campaña de ''escolarización'' por parte del gobierno. Esta campaña impuso la obligatoriedad de la ensefianza primaria en todo el territorio del país. La ideología imperante en ese momento reflejaba, tal como en el presente, las ansias de las elites argentinas de formar parte de las naciones más "desarrolladas" del planeta Europa, las grandes ciudades y el mundo industrializado significaban la civilización y los indios representaban el atraso, la ignorancia y la barbarie. El "prócer" argentino Domingo Faustino Sarmiento encabezó la mencionada campaña de escolarización bajo el lema "civilización o barbarie". Para pasar a ser un país moderno era necesario que todosloshabitantesrecibieran una educación occidentaL Una vez concluidas las campañas militares de exterminio (Campaña del desierto, Campaña del Chaco), los Indios que aún vivían en Argentina debían ser civilizados. Se crearon escuelas rurales, escuelas albergue donde a los niños Indios se les inculcaban valores foráneos. En este proceso de aculturación forzada, la eliminación de los idiomas indígenas fue un objetivo principal. En la zona Andina de Argentina se prohibió hablar el idioma Queshwa, los niños eran castigados en las escuelas por hablar su idioma¡natemo y se pretendió imponer el uso exclusivo del español. Tan difundido estaba el idioma Queshwa que la Declaración de la Independencia Argentina de España, firmada en la ciudad de Tucumán en el afio 1817, fue escrita en fmma bilingue, en Queshwa y español. En cierta medida el logrado pues, para principios del siglo 20, el uso del Queshwa había quedado restringido a la Provincia de Santiago del Estero. Sin embargo, como lo documentara extensamente el investigador y linguista Rumi Nahui, fundador del Instituto Queshwa Jujuymanta, el "pensamiento" queshwa permanece vigente en los habitantes del Noroeste Argentino. El español deformado que allí se habla y que es motivo de burla por parte de los académicos es el resultado de la incorporación de palabras, estructuras gramaticales y accentuación Queshwa. Este pensamiento andino está siendo rescatado y desarrolladoenlaactualidad porellnstitutoJujuymanta. La siguiente información nos llega desde Jujuy. Nuestros amigos esperan establecer contacto con quienes estén interesados en aprender o difundir los idiomas indígenas de Abya Yala (América) o bien en prestarles cualquier tipo de apoyo para' la realización de sus proyectos educativos y de difusión. Desde el Instituto queshwa Jujuymanta. .. Por la imperiosa necesidad de preservar todo lo relacionado con la cultura milenaria, el Instituto QueshwaJujuymantafuecreadoen 1977 ,organizando jornadas lingüísticas en varias oportunidades, con participación de connotados lingüistas del idioma aborigen Queshwa o Runasimi. Los objetivos del Instituto son revalorar y rescatar todos los elementos culturales de la cultura ancestral milenaria del Tawantinsuyo. Para ello el Instituto difunde los idiomas directamente mediante cursos y además emplea medios de información hablada y escrita para dar a conocer los resultados de :investigaciones relacionadas con la cultura andina. Se han diseñado diversos proyectos de edición de textos literarios, para niños y adultos, diccionarios y manuales escolares para cuya realización solicitamos el apoyo de quienes puedan darlo(...) Concepción Catunta, Instituto Galería alvear, 4600 S.SJujuy, Argentina. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 4 (Noviembre 1992) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Instituto Jujuymanta Revive el Pensamiento y la Cultura Indigena (Argentina) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Instituto Jujuymanta Revive el Pensamiento y la Cultura Indigena (Argentina) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, no. 4 (20).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/3660138f5263f3c642b77abe64d65515 5b39724c94d45b0215d56235ae77ba0f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 8 No. 4 (6-8).pdf PDF Text Text �PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE BIODIVERSIDAD Y CONOCIMIENTO INDIGENA planta ha llegado a ser parte del lenguaje de la comunidad y su significado ha sido reafirmado diariamente en (waiata) canciones, (whakatauki) proverbios y (whaikorero) saludos tradicionales. Lo mismo ocurre con otras formas de vida, tales como los animales dentro del sistema de clasificación occidental. Segunda ola de Colonización La primera ola de colonización consistió en la apropiación forzada de las tierras y recursos indígenas, generalmente a través de la violencia, dando como resultado la alienación masiva de los pueblos indígenas de sus territorios y de su herencia. La denigración de los valores y las prácticas indígenas fue establecida por creencias religiosas y sociales que afirmaban que los pueblos tribales (no-cristianos) eran salvajes y bárbaros y sus tradiciones culturales "paganas y diabólicas". Los colonos aseveraron que el robo de las tierras indígenas servía al "bien público" y que la nueva tecnología prometeria un mejor uso de la tierra, a través del mejoramiento de los métodos agrícolas. El tiempo probó sin embargo, que la nueva tecnología agrícola permitía mejorías sólo hasta que fuera posible costearla. Los nuevos métodos además, trajeron la erosión de los suelos, la polución y lo peor, la necesidad de comprar semillas previamente guardadas de la cosecha. Los lugares en que la madre tierra compensaba a quienes usaban sus recursos para alimentarse, vestirse, resguardarse y curarse, han sido convertidos por la tecnología en fábricas. La segunda ola de colonización mantiene el concepto de apropiación de lo poco que aún queda después de la primera ola: lo "intangible" de la cultura indígena -el conocimiento indígena del medioambiente, las prácticas sanatorias preventivas y curativas y especialmente los usos tradicionales de las plantas (medicinas, tintes, producciones complementarias, para nombrar unas pocas). Donde la primera ola de colonización se hizo posible a través de la "normalización" de la violencia en contra de los pueblos indíVol. 8 No. 4 genas y al "servicio del bien público", la segunda ola se ha organizado y se ha fortalecido a través de instrumentos legales nacionales e internacionales que permiten a los Estados y a las compañías privadas implementar -a través de normas legales y financieras- la propiedad privada y exclusiva sobre la herencia tangible e intangible de las comunidades indígenas. No es una coincidencia que la justificación de la apropiación sea la misma: "es por la humanidad, por el beneficio público". Antes, fue adquisición de tierra. Ahora, es adquisición de conocimiento y recursos. No importa como se mire, el resultado es el mismo. Los de afuera forzando los conceptos que permiten la transformación de los recursos en mercancías y adquiriendo la propiedad de los bienes ancestrales -tierras, recursos y conocimientos-. Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual y Cultural Tanto los gobiernos como las compañías privadas están reclamando los derechos de autor y las patentes sobre el arte indígena, las plantas medicinales, el lenguajes y hasta los materiales genéticos. Los Estados signatarios de la Convención de Biodiversidad y de la Agenda 21, están ahora obligados a respetar y a tomar medidas para proteger los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual de los Pueblos Indígenas y de las comunidades locales con respecto a la diversidad biológica. Muchos Estados han interpretado estas directrices internacionales como una justificación para rediseñar su legislación sobre Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual buscando legalizar el poder del Estado sobre el capital comunitario. Pero los indígenas del mundo están viendo estas medidas como innecesarias intrusiones en la integridad de sus comunidades. No es lógico, ni práctico, que los mejores sistemas para la protección de la propiedad intelectual y cultural de los pueblos indígenas residan en el Estado o incluso en la comunidad internacional. La protección puede ser solamente diseñada e implementada por comunidades indígenas en cooperación con individuos y organizaciones (a nivel nacional, local, estatal, regional e internacional) de su elección sobre unas bases de consentimiento informado. El organismo mejor capacitado para respetar y realzar las necesidades únicas de una comunidad indígena, es uno iniciado, desarrollado y conformado por la misma comunidad. Los instrumentos nacionales e internacionales no pueden preparar a las comunidades para estos retos, sobre sus propias estructuras de liderazgo y responsabilidad. Los instrumentos del Estado deberían enfocarse en las actividades y procedimientos de las compañías, aunque es claro que muchos Estados preferirían regular las actividades de las comunidades. Existen además, a nivel básico, el Estado y la comunidad internacional asumiéndose con el derecho a desarrollar normas e instrumentos con fuerza legal para regular recursos que no les pertenecen. Nueva Amenaza para los Pueblos Indígenas: El Caso de los Maorí El ataque a las comunidades indígenas es constante y significativo. A estas comunidades les es imposible ignorar la presión externa y asumir que ignorando las amenazas estas pasarán con el tiempo. Un breve examen de las actividades y experiencias nacionales de las comunidades indígenas que habitan en uno de los Estados miembros de la ONU -Nueva Zelandiademuestra la diversidad de problemas que enfrentan los indígenas en relación a Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual: El genoma humano contiene la herencia, no sólo de un individuo si no de los miembros de una comunidad. Para muchos pueblos indígenas la idea de que una compañía posea la "propiedad" sobre un gen humano es, por lo tanto, inadmisible. En el Pacífico se ha intentado ya dos veces patentar material genético indígena (Islas Salomón y el Hagahai de Papua, Nueva Guinea). El Proyecto de Diversidad del Genoma Humano ha seleccionado cerca de 200 comunidades 7 �--PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE BiODIVERSIDAD Y CONOCIMIENTO !NDIGENA indígenas del Pacífico Sur para tomar muestras genéticas. Los Maorí son unos de los pocos que no están en la lista. Sin embargo, las recomendaciones que han hecho al gobierno de Nueva Zelandia para que discuta con las otras naciones del Pacífico las implicaciones de la recolección de material genético humano no han sido atendidas. Investigaciones en Nueva Zelandia han demostrado la predisposición genética de los Maorí al cáncer, alcoholismo y otitis. En manos de las compañías de seguros médicos, la selección de genes con base en la etnicidad constituye un tema álgido y aún no explorado que se relaciona directamente con el tema de los derechos humanos. En noviembre de 1994, la oficina de prensa de la Universidad de Oxford intentó asegurar los derechos de autor en forma exclusiva del Diccionario Williams del Lenguaje Maorí, Este diccionario, publicado en 1844, es el mejor y más autorizado sobre el lenguaje Maorí y ha sido impreso doce veces (7 ediciones) por la Oficina de Prensa del Gobierno de Nueva Zelandia, una agencia establecida para promover el registro y publicación de la historia de Nueva Zelandia. Las primeras publicaciones sobre el lenguaje y la historia de los Maorí fueron financiadas y publicadas por una oficina del Estado sobre la base de que tales publicaciones estuvieran "sujetas a la verdad" como un componente vital de la herencia cultural. La privatización de las agencias del Estado, incluidas las oficinas editoriales, ha abierto la posibilidad de que el sector privado pueda obtener derechos de autor sobre las publicaciones Maorí. Actualmente no hay mecanismos para que los Maorí puedan recuperar la propiedad y tendrán que luchar por cada publicación de manera individual. cosméticos usando el conocimiento tradicional de la flora y la fauna, conocimiento que ha sido utilizado también para impulsar una nueva industria farmacéutica. Sin embargo, en este momento, las propiedades cosméticas de las plantas nativas son el objeto principal de la explotación comercial. En algunos casos el conocimiento tradicional viene de informantes indígenas, en otros casos es el resultado de la investigación en los registros históricos dejados por antiguos colonos -incluidos los del Capitán james Cook- que dan cuenta, de manera detallada e ilustrada, de las propiedades y usos de las plantas nativas. El Body Shop (Empresa Privada localizada en los Estados Unidos que vende productos naturales) negoció recientemente con una pequeña compañía indígena la extracción del aceite de la Manuha, una planta nativa que se encuentra en la isla del Norte y que tiene especial significado para los indígenas del área. Así, desde un punto de vista indígena, es difícil aceptar la validez de cualquier acuerdo sobre Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual entre dos compañías cuando se involucra lo que muchos Maorí consideran "propiedad común". La explotación en sí misma es más fácil de entender que el intento de patentar el proceso o conseguir derechos sobre la misma planta. En este momento, los derechos sobre trece variedades de plantas han sido otorgados a compañías nacionales e internacionales por el gobierno de Nueva Zelandia. En respuesta, los Maorí han presentado un reclamo al Tribunal de Waitangi en contra del gobierno, buscando se confirme que todas las plantas nativas pertenecen a la herencia cultural de los pueblos Maorí en primera instancia, y que cualquier decisión relativa a la comercialización de las plantas nativas debe ser hecha por los Maorí. Este caso será puesto en consideración a mediados de 1995. Uso Tradicional de la Flora y la Fauna Más Preguntas que Respuestas Varias compañías de Nueva Zelandia han desarrollado exitosamente productos El sistema de Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual, como una invención legal occi- Derechos de Autor para Lenguas Indígenas dental, nunca fue diseñado para abarcar la cantidad de variaciones que ahora pretende. El conocimiento y los recursos indígenas simplemente no coinciden con los regímenes de Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual. La protección de la herencia debe ser dirigida a través de mecanismos alternativos, pero debe ser un mecanismo suficientemente robusto para aplicar al amplio espectro de actividades que amenazan actualmente la herencia y las formas de vida de las comunidades indígenas. Las comunidades indígenas necesitan clasificar entre sí -sin la interferencia de personas ajenas a la comunidad- la "propiedad" tribal, sub-tribal y familiar del conocimiento. Qué es propiedad común? Quién tiene derecho a dar consentimiento? Los jóvenes o los ancianos? Las estructuras políticas tribales o las nuevas organizaciones de especialistas tribales? Qué estructuras pondrán en su lugar? Deberían ser establecidas estructuras regionales y nacionales? Por quién? Las comunidades indígenas deberían utilizar la gran cantidad de información existente y fortalecer las redes regionales, nacionales e internacionales para intercambiar información, ofrecer asesoría y mantenerse informados sobre la expansión de la segunda ola de colonización, la apropiación del conocimiento indígena y la biodiversidad. Las contribuciones más apropiadas que los Estados y la comunidad internacional pueden ofrecer, son la financiación adicional para desarrollar la capacidad de las comunidades y la presión que ejerzan para lograr la regulación sobre compañías externas, agencias e individuos. Como afirma el proverbio Maorí, la herencia de las comunidades indígenas descansa en esas comunidades. Si algún aspecto de esta herencia es removido, se convierte en alimento del fuego. Así mismo el proverbio nos recuerda que la integridad de una comunidad requiere que sostengamos y protejamos firmemente los tesoros de los ancestros. Si parte de nuestra herencia se pierde, es nuestra responsabilidad recuperarla, no importa cuanto cueste. Noticias de Abya Yala � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, No. 4 (Invierno 1994) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Integridad, Biodiversidad y la Segunda Ola de Colonialismo Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Integridad, Biodiversidad y la Segunda Ola de Colonialismo Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Volume 8 No. 4 (6-8).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language Spanish Publication Title Noticias de Abya Yala Volume 8 Author Aroha Te Pareake Mead Abstract Note Indian communities are now faced with the task of defending their cultural and intellectual property rights in the areas of agriculture, language, genetics, etc. Pages 6-8 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/d8d25bb61ae0dfdbf919850ed9756a4b.pdf dc7b5962f36fe6c026c87ac63e1fab00 PDF Text Text 0HGA:".'IZATIO:".' & COMMUNICATION. SEEKING UNITY IN GUERRERO epresentatives from Nahuatl, Mixtooo llapanooo and Amuzgo communities attende<l tbe First Congress of Indigenous representatives of Guerrero from September 23 to 26 !993. This conference was a big Slep forward in tbe unification of Indigenous Communities of Guerrero and their struggle to estahlisb autonomy. The rights of Indigenous communities, including land rights and perspectives regarding culture and development, were among the themes addressed during the conference. ill terms of Indigenous rights, the need for the recognition of individual rights as well as traditional forms of enforcing justice was expressed. The election of commissioners within municipalities and the partitioning of Indigenous land by the Dcpattment of Agriculture was denounced as going againSt tbc traditional communal land structure. Propo6als in relation to these issues were tal<en to the National Consultation Forum of lnd.igenous Nations, where land issues and the enforcement of Article 169 are dealt with. In addition, a propo6al for the passage of a law entitled Indigenous Electoral of the Sixth District, which would allow for Indigenous representation R within the Chamber of Deputies, was put fonb. The need for direct patticipation in development programs taking place throughout the region was discussed. In this contex~ a format (or devising solutions to problems of education, unwieldy infrastructure of services, the sustainable use of natural resources and the financing of agricultura.l production was designed. In order to implement the solutions and projects, the creation of a government fund for tbe economic development of Guerrero's Indigenous communitics, to be managed by tbe communities themselves, was suggested. In order to preserve their traditional cultures, the representatives pcoposcd the creationof educational programs in which children could learn the music, dance and language of their people. The Second Conferenoc will be taking place March 15, 1994. e lnteramerican Encounter on lndig enous Rights and Common Law took place from June 16-19 at the beadquarters of the Alliance for Development in Guatemala. The event was organized by MayaOdtureCenter(CECMA). Representalives from different Indigenous organizations from throughout the continent pattieipated, including: National Indigenous Organization T: Vol. 7 NO. 3&4 of Colombia (ONIC), The Honduran FederationoftheXieaqueofYoroTribes(FETRIXJ), the General Guayami Congress and Kunas United for Napguana both from Panama, Sejekto of CoSia Rica, the Council of Mayan Organizat.ions of Guatemala, representatives of the Autonomous University of Mexico as well as representatives from SAUC in the United States. 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 7, nos. 3-4 (Fall/Winter 1993) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interamerican Encounter on Indigenous Rights and Common Law Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall and Winter 1993 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Interamerican Encounter on Indigenous Rights and Common Law Item Type Journal Article Volume 7 Issue 3,4 Pages 35 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Fall and Winter 1993 Language English Abstract Note The Interamerican Encounter on Indigenous Rights and Common Law was an event organized by Maya Culture Center that took place on June 16-19 in Gatemala. Attachment Title Interamerican_Encounter_On_Indigenous_Rights_And_Common_Law.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] CECMA Guatemala Maya saiic https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7017645c55efae6be075884bbca2f346.pdf b390c9d9a6822f3653880f1ba7cd9849 PDF Text Text ENVIRONMENT AND DE VELOP MENT International Opposition To Parana-Paraguay Hidrovia Mounts :as endangered by tht Hidi'O\'\a P'PJ«l Indigenous people from Brszi/, Parogvay. and BoiM8 joined envfronmenUJ/ grovps and sccJal orgonltotlons from eight countries in questioning p!Dns for lltllndusltiBI wst01W9Y on the Poroguoy ond Parona Rivers which. acccrdlng to technlcQ/ experts. could droin the we<ld's ltlrpest wetland expanse. tile Pantano/ of Mato Grosso. Brazil. The meeting, ~lied "Hidi<JVf8 Paf8na.Parag~ lrnpliCts ond Alternatives · was held ot tile Lotln American Parliament in Soo Paulo, from December 8-10. lives within the hm1lS of the PanlllllOI Three lnchgenous dclcg.uo were ch~ sen to panlclpate tn the coordin,uing body which will ad1•Jne< propos.1l~ for a brood campaign to r:usc aw:H"tness and development acaion plans regarding the ParnnaParaguoy liidroVla. According 10 p.utleipants at the Hidrovia semtn.'lr, "EnvunnmtntaJ lmp:act Studies mUSt include the p.1niclpatlon of •U scaorso[sodet~.. (thc lbnksl mu.st consult with lite pubbc tn a way wluch ts open and truly portJClpatory· The lmcr-aonmcan o.-..,lopment lbnk and Unttl'<l N:ouons De-~lopmtnt Progrrunme •rc coordmatlng economoc >nd cnglnecnng feosibtlity S~ud­ IOS. and an en\1ronm<nU11 impact ~ rmnt (ElA) for tht Htdrovia project. Conferene< delegates olso pointed out that the. Paragun)~n go\'ernnlcnt h:;a.s already indicated u ,..;u request bids from engineering companies tO explode rock outcroppings nt the b.uc of the Pantanal, which could lu1't irrtverslblc environ· mtnl3.1 impacts. NGO delegates at the S.1o Paulo n~«ting warned "If \\'Ork btgtns on pons of the projeCt b<fo"' the Environmtnttllmpnct Assessment is compkted ... dte E1A "'" hal-. no ,·,tlue. • by Glenn Switkes 0 rg.1nl:otions gathered in Sao Poolo womcd that construcnon or tht Hfdmia could climm>te lite P:mt2113l~ oblhty to hold "''"" dunng tht r:uny season. ause dls:Nrous llooding downslrc:~m, >nd threaten tht sun"-.! of n.1u'"' ~pits ond 01htr commun.ti<:s hvmg along the "'"'r ond itS tribumries. lndtgcnous ~pies nrt also concerned tht projeCt would hann populnuons or ftSh. birds. and wildlife, on which natl\·e commtmiues depend for $lll'Vh'tll. They also for.set incrtascd lond conflictS resulting from speculmory land buying. nnd a flow or mlgmms to tht arto in sc:m:h of jobs. Supponers of tht project claim that opentng tht upper ~hes of lite Pnmguay Rtver to ~-goong ,-es.sefs an sm-.. as tht "backbone' of South Amtnan «»nomic tntcgrauon ,._,than the new Southern Cone Common M>rk<t. Mtrrosur Some lu'"' gone so bras to P"'· doct • series of watetw>)'S that will hnk the Parnguay wtth the J\m.1ZOn and Onnoco. lndtgcnO\tS ~pie lllkang pan in the meeting sounded n warning based upon thetr cxp<:ritnces w1th other lnrgc-scak development projects. Vitor J\urnp<: Bakairi cited in>JXICts from Polonorocste. o World Bank road building projea. which he s.1ld "'tort ap;1n our communilies. People lOSt thtlr lond and mO\'td to the periphery of the citl<s. Many or our womt:n b«an~ prostktutt"S. \Ve don\ want tlut to h>ppen •sa•n." G!atn S"'tllu> coordtMlts d>t lotlllUIIi<lo!al Rmrs Nco.'llrk) HidMld C<tmp<ltgn. Vol8No.4 Bias Fedcnco Garctol, of the ~era! Coonhnmng Body or the l'llcom.1)'0 Basin of Pnr:lgu>)' S>ld th>t tht COUts< of tht Pilcomayo Rl\"tr \\';IS :s.hem:l m a nunntr smubr lO th>l pl.'nncd for tht l'>rogua): ·we don\ rt:member onymorc how II "':IS before. when the Pllcomoyo was the source of our hfe. !Wn doesro' come anymort. It's Impossible to cuhwate food. We had an cnonnOU$ L1ke, Lag11na Escabnte Cuellar, where <here was nlways rtSh: According tO Federico Gan:~1. the river project dosed ofT the river's tributaries. drying up the lake. Valtntin Mutlxt Guajt. the Sccrttary for Economy and Development of the Ccntr:J.I of Indigenous Ptoples of the Bolivian Orient< (0008), exp,.,...d tht r\011\'e poop!ts' dctenn•natoo to be tnvoh'td •n the discussion >nd dc~c J't&'rdmg the PfOJ«l- '\Vho ore we? A"'"" bke buk .,,. mals 1111htn the lores~l MOSt o( our peoplt lil'e along tht m-.rs. We thought de\-.lopmcnt was pnnletpatOry. equ.'l But. we see it is not. This development wtll sef\'e tht needs of how n"'nyl" Mann Guarnnl, of the K.1guateca Association, and Mn~~Cos Tcrtna, of the Allliancc of Indigenous Peoples of the Southern Cone, dtclartd their intention to disseminate infonn:uion on potential impncts of the 11idt'O\'tllto oatil'< communittes. Other rtp~ntftlwcs included Terena, Guamm, Bororo, Knlngang. and Partci people from Mlllo Grosso and M:no Grosso do Sui, Bnzd, as wdl :as Atlton Krcnak from the lndogenous Research Ccntu Adduion31 popuJ.utons identirl«< ''Y"""'· Ch.1m.1COCO, Tobo· mclude tht Maskoy, Angatte, P>t Tall)ten. and lite Guato, s popubuon ne~r extinction whiCh For marc tr.formaiJMC tr.t<ntcllt<ltlal RMt> Naworl<, 18'17 Bcrkdey ll'cly.ll<rkdey 01 9i 703. J\ n:port 'Consldcring tht HtdrO\fa" is availabl< forS 12 lnd;genouslea<ler Mana VitO< Guarani (right) adres.ses the meeting on Hidtovia 29 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Opposition To Parana-Paraguay Hidrovia Mounts Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Glenn Switkes Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title International Opposition To Parana-Paraguay Hidrovia Mounts Item Type Journal Article Author Glenn Switkes Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 29 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Indigenous groups from Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia and environmental organizations gathered in Sao Paulo to discuss the potential environmental ramifications of the proposed industrial waterway on the Paraguay and Parana Rivers. Attachment Title International_opposition_to_parana_paraguay_hidrovia_mounts.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Conservation Hidrovia waterway Paraguay River Parana River https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/019227042f883161bb278e519f13fb41.pdf fd0688f7a6d607c5426ee753dd407b68 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource vol. 6, No. 3 (32).pdf PDF Text Text ! The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) will sponsor an International Seminar of Indigenous Women of the Americas on June 28-30, 1992 in Santa Cruz, Bolivia.This meeting will serve as a tribute to Indian women, and to support the right to life, territory, culture and political participation of indigenous people. i The seminar will be held in preparation for the WI F XXV International Congress which will be held in Santa Cruz, Bolivia on July 1 and will culminate in the signing of a "Peace and Justice Treaty among the Women of the mericas." The WILPF is an international organization which seeks to unite women all over the world in an effort to work towards peace and human rights. 32 SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Seminar of Indigenous Women Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title International Seminar of Indigenous Women Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title vol. 6, No. 3 (32).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/add6c4256f57f80920fef27cbe221ade.pdf 93f2c29832ef20f2238756392aaa669a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4, No. 1 (19).pdf PDF Text Text The Quechua work collectively in a "minga", which is a traditional communal system of work. The Latin American Federation of Relatives of the Disappeared-FEDEFAM-called the seventh annual Week of the Disappearedon May 24-31, 1988. FEDEFAM is a Latin American organization comprised of national associations of family members of victims of disappearances. Over 90,000 people have disappeared in Latin America. The majority of these are Indians-usually male, young, and extremely poor. Every disappeared human being represents a tragedy for friends and loved ones. Disappearances leave children orphaned and parents childless. Activities surrounding the Week of the Disappeared were directed at the need for the United Nations to formalize a convention which defines the practice of forced disappearances as a CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY We urge all of our readers to write to the Secretary General of the United Nations, Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar, telling him that a Covenant on Forced Disappearance is needed. Letters may be sent to him at the following address: Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar Secretary General United Nations New York, NY 10017 (Source: Eco-Andes, May 1988.) On a comer in Lima, Peru, stands a small and simple restaurant, like any other except that its menu features traditional high protein native foods of the Andes-a quinoa grain in the soup, chochos beans in the stew. The difference is proclaimed in the sign of ownership-"Micaela Bastidas Feminine Community.'' Page 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4 No. 1 (Summer 1988) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Week of the Disappeared (Peru) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1988 Zotero Title International Week of the Disappeared (Peru) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 4, No. 1 (19).pdf Issue 1 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 4 Pages 19 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/80247e538911c91296674d0bba21344d.pdf 1553b6857e29a8986e8c629d3ae69a4a PDF Text Text ORGANIZATION - - --=- Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded lndigenous organizations. Panicipants di.scussecl1he struggle for autonomy and self.detcnnination. how to create mech· anisms to assure respect for Indigenous he Coalition in Support of Amazonian Peoples and Their rights. and how to strengthen access to decision·making on Em·lronment opened an ofric:e in government T Washington DC in Nov. 1994 to Indigenous rights. The intent of the con· impro,·e communication and coordina· ference was to develop clear definitions of autonomy and self·detemlination. tion among US-based NGOs working with Amazonian peoples. The Coalition was born from an alliance between Indigenous peoples of the Amazon and groups and individuals concerned with the fu ture of the Amazon and its peo· pies. Coalition Members suppon Indigenous territorial rights and sustain~ nblc development ahemath·es. and share the belief that people are an integral pan or the ecosystem. The Coalition will hold an annu.~l Fomm !or NGOs to meet, receive guidance !rom Indigenous leaders of the Amazon. discuss current issues, and develop politic~l action su·atcgies. Topics at next years !omm (May I O-l2 1995 in Washington. DC) will include: Free trade and De\'elopmem, Intellectual Property Rights. the Timber Industry. At present the Coalition has three working groups: U.S. Policy and Hl.lntan Rights. Defense of Territories. and Financial Resources. It is helping to coordinate a number of cmnpaigns such as the Ecuador oil campaign. In an e!fon to promote communications among interested organizations. the Coalition: distributes a monthly Am~ort Update with news from Co..1lition members. F()r mor~ inj()rm,uion, p/(6$(. ccncac1: CoalitiOIJ Coordinmo,. Melina Sel\'Cl:Ston. 1$1/ I< St. N\V Suit< 10+1, 1\~ irtgton . DC 2()()()$. Te/;(202) 637-97 I8.jax;(202)63i· 9719. emaiJ: am«Z:om:ool@fgc.apc.oJi. Self-determination Seminar in Mexico T he Second Seminar on Sclf-determi· nation in Mexico held on Jan. 20·21 was organized b)1 the Colegio de Mexico under the direction of Rudol!o Stavenhagen and hosted by Oax.1can Vol. a No.4 American Indian Satellite Network Makes History or the first time. Native.owned and F public radio stations across the country have access to regular program· ming for and about Natjvc Americans. thanks to the new t\IROS (American Indian Radio on Satellite) network. Since Oct. 31. tl1is history-making ser· ,;ce has offered a daily one-hour feed or dramas. documentaries. litcrmure, self. help programs and heritage pieces, all related to Native Americans. The AIROS network, initially funded b)• the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, is developing and establishing what will eventually be a 2+ hour distribmion system of radio pro~ grnmming by, for and about Native Americans. The AIROS feed includes a storyudling series, interviews with various Native American personalities. historical specials and a multi-pan series on breaking the C)'cle of child abuse. as well as a ' 'ariety of other specials and series. Nalivt America Calli11g will premiere at the end of February as a daily. hour-long. live call-in talk show focus· AND COMMUNICAT I ON most of whom operate on inadequate funds; says Susan Braine, AI~OS Manager. "We're working closely with the tribal stations to detem1ine program~ ming needs and to address those needs through tl1e radio programs that AIROS is able to acquire. Our goal is to encour· age and facilitate their own production of these programs. This is their network. It will be as successful and relcvnm as they. the stations, collectively make it: Braine said. AIROS also has plans to acquire ponable uplinks in order to broadcast conferences. po'"'vows. and oLhcr cui· tur:d events from reservations. This would allow tribes to share limited resources while learning from each other. For more information on the t\IROS schedule. contaCt your local public or Native.owned rndio station. Stations interested in becoming affiliated with AIROS should contact Susan Braine at 402-472·0484. Internet for Native Peoples Conference ndigenous activists !rom throughout California gathered at U.C. llerkelcy on Nov. l9 to learn new techniques and I discuss the opportunities for network· ing and alliance building on the in!or· tnation highway. Marc Uecker led a workshop using the Mosaic program to explore the Internet. This prompted both ideas and concerns about using the lmernet as a tool for funhering the causes of Indigenous peoples world wide. 01scussion that followed pointed to the ing on currem issues a.nd topics affecting demand for a larger and more in·depth conference in the future. Man)' who Native Americans. attended questtoned the use of this tech· nology !or people living on resen'l!tions and other third-world conditions who radio is the sole telecommunicmiot\S might not ll.we access to telephone lines service. AIROS directors see the net- or even electricity. work as a first-step towM<I an ambitious Ifyou have acc:t:SS lo a computer and modem. goal: building and linking stations on you mighc be inten-..ste(l in the following liscs the 250 Indian reservations in the rdatcd to Indigenous issues: Indigenous United States. greatest challenge is Knowlt:dg(. NaJive Netin obtaining Native comcm programs. Jisturv@('OP'ndl.tdu, Chiclt;, ~·fujcr 1.. ·liSt· particularly from the Native stations, proc@lmrinet.gsc.ucsb.cd!f, Rata Net. t\IROSlinks most of the 25tribal sla· tions located in Native communities in 10 states, many on reservations where ·our 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Internet for Native Peoples Conference Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Internet for Native Peoples Conference Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 35 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Marc Becker, SAIIC staff member, led a workshop for indigenous activists at U.C. Berkeley; discussion centered around using new internet techniques for networking and alliance-building. Attachment Title Internet_for_native_peoples_conference.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Internet South and Meso American Indian Rights Center Training https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/fb34283bf981a7dcd3bbe3d8aea05220.pdf fb336b67b2b1479a9f095d6afac05344 PDF Text Text P ERSPECTIVES ON C HIAI$S C h::. .i: .a=t=;__:;;_;:....::::..... as--=--=-en _;_rrom T e m u co: -=--=-- . : p a s-----==- se-=-::..:.... :. . .;~ Interview with Aucan Huilcaman Consejo de Todas Las Tierras in Chile. In theCityofTemuco in the heortofMopucheoncestrol territory. the Consejo de T odos los Tierros (All Lands Council} meets once a year. Their international Werken (messenger), Auc<in Huilcomon is charged with making known the denunciations, agreements and projects from the Mopuche Tribunal. He is also responsible for relations with other Indigenous peoples of the continent. Heis2 7years old and in hisfourth yearo(law school at the Autonomous UniversityofTemuco, he was also o congressionalcandidate in lost Deeemberselections. but didn't achieve o seot in the House. In the following interview he spoke regarding the situation in Chiop<JS. of the Mopuc/Je in Chile, and the continental Indian movement. by Ximena Ortuzar* How do the Mapuche evaluate wh~t happened in Chiapas this past january? -There nrc various points related to this action. Personally. and in general. I celebrate the Zapatlsta's courage. decisiveness and organizational capaclty which permitted them to prepare thetr uprising without being detected by the Mexican Intelligence apparatus. Th~l is remarkable. In addirion, (he Mapu· chc support all lndigellOUS peoples' struggles In defense of their legitimate rightS. I observe though. a huge spilt between the discourse and Ideology of (he continental Indigenous movement and what (heZapatisl.aSareproposing. In one of rneir points, they demand, 'More land for the Indigenous people.• l11is Is good, but insufficient. Eve:n if they give more lands. these will continue to be just fragmemsofthe l~rger landscape. The fundamental lndlg· enous problem in all or America Is that of territory. When the State distributes p~rcels or land. mey remain under its sovereignty. The central demand 18 should be territory, where Indigenous rights have clear legitimacy. You cannot attack the real problems or the Indigenous people of the comment if you do not approa.ch thiS Issue. manner wnh being human. and with our own nature, Our COJICi!ption is that the territory IS a physical space where the ~bpuche people should have control. pbannmg power and autonomy to e,'(ercise free self-determinarion. Land and Territory 1understand that ont or the 'Mapltche's What is the conceptual difference between l.a nd and territory? -Land is an individual concept relating a person to 11 specific plnce-person-propeny. whereas the con.cept of territory is collective and refers tO a group or people with a portion or coll.,ruvetand. Formelndtgenouspeoplc. the concept of territory holds dements of identity. or culture or a form or organization. I can give you an example; with us. the Mapuche, many of the trees that surround us have names like the names of our children. And when the huincn -white person cuts the trees, clearing the native forest, we (eel that our tdentity has been cut off. Territory is connected m a substantial princlp.'l muggles in these moments is precisely fot' lerritory. -Th~t'sright. That hasrneantcharges against us for 'Illicit association', and •failure before the law, morality and good customs• which :tlTectS l44 or us. We could go to jail. but this will not SlOp our decision to recover what be· lon~to us. And you mtss this conceptual element in the z.,patisro proposal. ·F(Om what ! know. yes. I sec also that they ask for Salinas de Gonari to resign. I bdleve that he could resign and that wouldn't solve the problem for Indigenous people in Mexico. In my opinion. this is a weakness in me proposal. because the basic question is Abya Yala News �P ERSPECTIVES ON CHIAPAS not of changing the president but or chttnglng the nature of the State. m order to achieve transformation thnt resmuns the State'sabsolutcdominion o"er the Indigenous people which Is exercised agait\St their will. In the Z:lpattStJI proclamations I don't see n questionmgofthestmctureofthtSt:~tc. Another point that seems curions to me is that the h1ghest visible lendcrlsn ":sub-commander~ ...\Vhen we meet in our Tribunal there is no pres1dem, or secretary or treasurer of the Mnpu· che comnmnit)'. rather we hMe a Lonko. Mnchi--origmal authoritiesThese posluons bnng together the m· stnutional strUcture and the JUridic concept of the community. And you find this important... -OcOnitel)•. yes. It is not a question of form. While you don't reinstate your own forms of organization as a weapon to oppose the fonns of tdco· logi(jll dommation that the State 1m· poses. you are fighting with your oppressor's wenpons and they arc not ours by na10re. How would you C'l'lain this situation in the case of Chiapas? -Asnccnnin amount of mcmul colo· nlzatlon. No one c.~n fail to recognitc the effort. the courage and the dcei$Wtnc~ Of the Z:lpatistas that rose Up in Chiapas. But i reiterate that in my judgement the proposal that we know Vol8No. 1 &2 the Indigenous people, but rather the form in which this wns implemented. If we travel through the province of Arauco we encounter barely five Mapuche communities. The rest arc villages close to cities. They applied colo-nial thinkmg. Historicall)•, the Council of the Indies- which was an organization designed tO organize the Indians according to the dominant concepts-it rocogmzed the Indigenous people's nght to orgnnizc in municipalities and gave them a structure !or this. With the agrarian refom1, the Mapuche were obligated tO Ji,•e in vii· las on lands awarded In a determined has holes in the area of Indigenous place. makmg thlsn population center rightS. They propose the need for that breaks with the concept of indijusucc which is impossible wh1le the ,·idual-lnnd that represents a human rightS of Indigenous people m Chiapas collecuvity In 1h1s nsJXct. I see in the to deCide their own future Is not rem- Zapalistas a conceptual weal..-ness. st:u~d. And this hapJXnS by reinstat· ing territory and chnng1ng tht struc· What do you anrlbu1e this to? -I don'1 exactly know. I believe that ture of the Stme. I also sec thnt they the Indigenous peoples In Mexico have sufficient instilutional s tructure aJld they s hould have employed 1his in Chiapas. I am certain that the Mapu· che would never have a sub-commander in a s1milar sttuation. We could ha'·ca Toqu1,anongmalauthor· hy. but never a copy. nn ass1mila11on. I want to clanfy that I don't intend to take away from what the Z:lpanstaS ha\'e done, butlt's my duty to say that I detect a ccnain strange inOuencc on the Indigenous people in these circumstances. \Vhat is the basis for your statement? -For the last six years, we ha,·e met periodicnlly w1th lnd•genous leaders of Me>dco,l know all of them. The last Aucan Huitcaman add1"1!ssing the UN 11me. I was In Onx3ro last October. World Conference on Human Rights They assume that theyareethnicgroups held in Vienna during June. 1993 and don't vtndicatr their existence as peoples or natiOn$. Ideological domipropose the need for~ ngr~rhtn reform nation has entered into their minds Jaw which is a concept distorted from and language. In M~xico, the Indian the essence of an indigenous commu- walks m the SlrcclS like a dominated nity. In Chile there was an agr:man being. des puc being part of the majorreform and we don't quesuon the ity. blolog.allysJXaking. They are not amount of lands that were returned to conscious of who they ;m:, This is 19 �P ERSPECT IVES O N (HI APAS explained by the fact that Mexico's government has implemented the most policies of assimilation against Indigenous people. Already in 1942 in the government of Lazaro Cardenas it was said, "We have 10 Mexicanize the Indians, and not to lndianize Mexico.". And they worked on the Indians with that purpose. Maybe the roots of the problem lie in the Conquest. .. -Without doubt, the Spanish crown had a strong influence on the Indigenous people that inhabited the territory that is now the Stale of Mexico. Today they are disarticulated, they cannot decipher their own writing. and this blocks their ability to reach. once again, their own scientific exp1analion of life,. The Indigenous trunk was cut and they are still in the process of reassembling themselves. While this process is incomplete, the consciousness. the commitment of being Indigenous will continue to fail, despite being the majority. Self-understanding as a person What does it mean to be cootmiued 10 being an Indigenous person> · It is not a specific contmiunent or political belief but rather a way of understanding yourself as a person . A good example of this is that in Mexico. there have been two Indian presidents: Benito JuArez and Porfirio Dfaz who governed for many years. Nevertheless, this did not mean any advantage for the Indians of Mexico. To be Indian in biological or racial tenus doesn't mean anything if the kind of commitment I was speaking about doesn't exist. In the meeting with Indigenous leaders of Mexico which )'OU alluded to, did you raise these observations? -All of them. 20 Will Chiapas set an important precedent in the Indigenous struggle? With what response? -Without doubt. But it's important -Ourconceptsare very well received, but there has been unevenness in the not 10 let out of our sight that this level of who deals with the subject that precedent and its lessons are imporstops at the level of leaders. Further- tant for both parties: Indigenous more, lhe communities of Mexico have peoples and States. An example of this been very controlled. If one visits an is that the first constitutional and juIndigenous community, you ftncl that ridic recognitions of Indigenous people it has a plaza. it has its musical bands arose in Nicaragua during the that is, everything is organized as the Sandinista Revolution when the IndigCouncil of the Indies would have it. enous people rebelled agai nst the The Romano-Spanish concept of orga- Sandinista government and began 1he nization is palpable i.n the communi- armed struggle which was erroneously ty's Structures, which seem more like called counter-revolutionary. The govthose of a city. I'm speaking of an ernment decided to recognize them, ideological concept , applied through and it happened that other States took external structures, and contradictions similar measures. These were re-acarise such that Indians end up being commodations, small legal rectifications ... Legally functional for the States, Mexkans. bm not for the Indigenous people ... And this doesn't occur with the MapuThings change so that everything reches> -I would say it occurs less. l will mains the same? -Exactly. The Stale makes legal give you an example: we hear and we read about Emlliano Zapata. If we modifications in order tO insure the don't have prior knowledge we don't maintenance of its institutional domiknow that he was Indigenous, because nation. as happens with Benito Juarez and l'orfirio Diaz. despite being Indians, Is there a message )'OU would like to they have Spanish names. We have convey? -Indigenous movements are the ones struggled to conserve our Mapuche names and we have accomplished that which will give a new face to America with very few exceptions. The great in terms of justice, democracy, and majority oft he Mapuche conserve their liberty--which today are onl)' a dream original last names. and for us, that for us. Thus, its fundamental that constitutes an important element of every political and social movement in our identity. Meanwhile in Mexico America takes into account this elemany times, Indians only recognize ment which "~II define relations Statethemselves inside themselves--and people and Indigenous nation. Bemany limes. not even there. Here, our cause today, it is not Marxism that puts last name identifies us as Mapuches. the State at risk, but the Indigenousand in consequence, not as Chileans. original organizations. The State knows this. and takes its precautions. Every social and or political organization 1hat fights for human rights must know that Chiapas a Landmark the indigenous people should prevail Tofinisllthe fotmh annual session ofthe and contribute 10 the construction of a \vn Ma!Jt<Che Toibunal, Huilcmnan gave a true inst itutionality with our O charspeech in Tcmuco.lnfinishinghesaid, •ro acter and based on our own particurhc brothers in Chiaflas, fmward wirh rite lalities. ~ strl<ggle for land tmd liberty." "R..>prin;edinl"'t ln>ml'l1=. Mexico.April II ,1994· N>ya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Antonio Hernandez Cruz Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maya Tojolabal Secretary General of the CIOAC Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Interview with Antonio Hernandez Cruz Item Type Journal Article Author Maya Tojolabal Secretary General of the CIOAC Volume 8 Issue 1,2 Pages 12-14 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note SAIIC spoke with founding member of the State Indigenous and Campesino Council of Chiapas about the government's reaction, including detainment and torture, to the organization's peace and rights demands. He also speaks of the state of indigenous organization and consciousness in Chiapas. Attachment Title abya yala p12-14.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Government Abuse Indigenous Organizing State Indigenous and Campesino Council in Chiapas https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7fbed328b34c08cd6622a298b7f64712.pdf e087ec9f36593625df25e61b3324d5b7 PDF Text Text DAUGHTERS 0 F A BY A YA L A t~~w~ Dr. Leticia Dianna Viteri Gualinga it is evident that while the chemical con- LLuy Virui is a Quiduw from Ecutulor. She is a r-ep~StiH<Hivc of CONAIE, rl1t Cmifedcration of the lmligcnous Nationalities of Eawdor. l.tuy is t~ doctor· \\'ho since O<rober of 1997 h<IS wor'ktd with cl1e Pcmcmterican Health Organitacfcn OPS wori~ing in rhe Promotion and Protection of Heal<h and heal<hy lif<s<yles division, spedfically in the mental health t>r~ram. She has also woi'Ju:d ou a numbu oJ lr1digtr1ous health fJrOjects and studies, In ~,n of your invesligations in nm'l.l communilics, what has been the pri ncipal cause of illnesses among the Indigenous people (colonialization. tourism . petroleum, etc.)? <tS well llS conducting reset1rch on Indigenous htal<h issu<s. SAilC asked Lelly <o disa•ss some aspurs of !ttdigenous l1calrh for our &o-]us<ice ami Htal<h issue of Abya Yala News. In this issue we're exploring the tamination of the environment has affected the health of these communities. il is imponant to substamiate this reality with serious Studies. rcla~ tion that exis ts between 1hc CXJ>Ioita· lion of natural resources like minerals1 petroleum, cac., and the negative e ffec ts of this type of exploitation on the health of the Indigenous cOonunu· nitics. In your work as a doctor ha"c you enco untered cases of this l'Y pe? There exists a number of facwrs that impact the health of the Indigenous com· munities. This new epidemic lrend which we arc living through is a just response tO the political violence, the ecological and e<:onomic violence. the social discrimination. the poverty, the anned conflict. among other things, and in this manner has given rist tO a new order o£ illnesses like alcoholism. Could you give us specific examples of communities? The P<'troleum devdopment brought One time when 1 visited Lake Agrio. in Sucumbios. 01~e of the 5 Amazonian provinces of Ecuador. we visited the oil wells where Texaco operated. Dt11ring the vish, we became acquainted with many of the J>eople who lived around these wells. l could observe various types o-f symp~ toms of the skin afflictions. rashes: one boy with a t)rpe of congenital m~lforrna· tion which I don't know whether il was related to the chemical contamination of the environment. or course the exploita· tion of any natural resource brings with it a disequilibrium of ecosystems and this directly affects the health of the commu· nitit~ in these regions, On <he other hand violence to the Huaorani communities of Tot\ampari and Quihuareno in 1988. They committed a terrible crime· an oil spill that destroyed the richness of the rivers. the land and the health of the trouble il~ the actual planning and execution !o( soltnionsl. There are some (com· rnuniticsl , like the case or Sarnyacu, Curnmy. which are sufficiently large and have the intention of doing many things. In the same way. the h~digenous organi· z:ations arc only now beginning to con· cern themselves with the health of our people. \Vhat are the mos1 common h eahh problems affecting Indigenous women? \Vhat arc the specific issues t hal 1hey face? The mental health of the women con- S<itutcs the principal health problem and 1lhis seems to be affected by <.:enain <.-aus· es wonh considering. 1t is important to point out that they [the women! have lost the tradilional knowledge concerning family planning. Along with this. they don't have access to the modern forms of birth control and they often don't have the right to choose the number of children they would like to have. [Other s.trcsses include) domestic violence. the excessive physical labor associated with domestic chores and !taking care on their fanns. the transporting of water. among other details that have a serious impact on the health or I he women. Huaorani communit)'· The emire city of Lago Agrio. the capital of the Sucumbios province, has been affected. as well as all of the villages of the Siona-Secoya and Cofan P<'Oples. \Vhal was your moth•e for slUdying m edicine and for serving Indige nous communities? 1 chose to stud)' medicine because \Vhat are the Indigenous organiza. tions doing to resolve this problem? ahvays liked it and the vocation 1 con· The communities are concerned s.tructed in the COtiTSe of the career. l always thought that medicine is a science which is esscmially social , and that about these problem$, but often har e 1hrough thi$ I could somehow makt a Continued on fXigc 34 22 A'cY-;a Yala News �S E L F DETERMINATION This organization is new and has not yet completely defined its course of action, which is something that we have to do soon. I've been working·for some time with the LIWEN Center for Mapuche Studies and Documentation. The objective of this institution is to generate knowledge from our own perspective and to disseminate it to all sectors, especially the Mapuche. For example, we work on topics relating to the Mapuche people, to the situation of other Indigenous nations' in their own countries, and on the issue of Bilingual Intercultural Education. What is the difference between the programs for Mapuche children and those for the youths? With the children you have to work in a playful context, where you keep the youngster entertained while they're learning, and of course you must involve the family in some way This is difficult, because many times the parents don't agree that their child should learn about Mapuche culture because they view this as negative but this is not their fault. We don't know what negative experiences they have had that have made them opposed to it. Working with young people or adolescents is a little more complex. They are going through a difficult stage, building their identity They have many fears, and to come to terms with being an Indigenous person in a racist country is not an easy thing. You have to gain their confidence slowly They must see that you as a woman can be a role model, thatbeing Mapuche is not bad or ugly, not at all. We know that you did some research on the oral history of the families of urban Mapuche youths. What were the most important points that came out of this research? This study came about due to the interest th at a group of us young Mapuche students had in retrieving our history, that history which was denied us for our having been born in a different context than our parents and grandparents. It was an arduous task, because from the beginning our families didn't 34 & TERRITORY understand our interest in understanding things of such little relevance to them. The people in the countryside usually don't value their legends, their family histories. They don't comprehend the richness of their own knowledge. We got them to change their attitude: they started to talk, to spill out a whole marvelous, unknown world for us. We really learned an enormous amount. It was magical to listen to it all, and the most important thing is that we were able to get our relatives, our aunts and uncles, cousins, etc., involved. We'd like to ask why you, as a young Mapuche woman, are involved in this type of work? I work with conviction, because I really feel that it's necessary to struggle for our rights as Mapuche people. The conditions of poverty and oppression in which we live today must change . Mapuche children should grow up in a healthy atmosphere, in peace and harmony with the environment. When I took consciousness of my identity, of my history, of my culture, it was really like a liberation. I strongly feel the need to support my people in every way that I can. It's a life choice. What would you like to see in the future for Mapuche youth? And what would you like to do to make it happen? The future of the youth and children is a worry that we have as a people. In many communities, the young people must migrate to the urban centers to find any work they can. Their dreams of studying are dashed at a very young age and that's not fair. I'd like to do many things, but we need to design strategies at the community level. Individual initiatives should be within a larger context to make the desired impacts and changes. We're working for this. We know that you've been working on a project on Indigenous Women and Gender in Washington, DC. Could you tell us what the focus of your research has been? In September, 1997, I was selected by the Development Fund for Indigenous Peoples to develop a work apprenticeship in the Indigenous Peoples' Union of the Interamerican Development Bank, located in Washington, DC I'm specifically working on editing a report about the topic of gender relations in Indigenous communities and development. It is a reflective work, whose main objective is to understand Indigenous women's thoughts and perceptions about development. Essentially, the idea is to propose certain strategies that can be incorporated into the Bank's policies in relation to Indigenous women. ..., Continued from page 22 contribution to society, not only the Indigenous on e of Ecuador, but in whichever place throughout the world. What have been the challenges that you have had to face as an Indigenous woman doctor? I don't like being labeled as an Indigenous woman doctor; well, I feel like any other woman of any other culture and nation. But in fact I've had to face certain challenges, like knowing that the people of my community viewed me as the savior from the health problems affecting the community The leaders of my provincial community trusted so in my abilities. One demonstration of this was their inviting me to work in the SAMAY Project, financed by the European Union. I'm talking about a pro-life project that would permit us, in a significant manner, to build our society, that would allow us to control our own destiny Being a representative of the Confederation of the Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador, CONAIE , is another challenge. To respond positively to all these challenges, I always try to learn more to better understand the culture of Globalization, to learn how to manuever myself within the dynamics of the modern age, in distinct levels and spheres of human actions. For me, it is important to take into account the advice and the points of view of the great Indigenous leaders, and of the great ideologies, both old and new. ..., Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring 1998) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Dr Leticia Dianna Viteri Gualinga Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1998 Zotero Title Interview with Dr Leticia Dianna Viteri Gualinga (Not attached) Item Type Journal Article Language English Abstract Note Interview with a Quichua from Ecuador, who works in the health field. Discusses exploitation of natural resources, and the negative social and health implications of continued exploitation. Issue 1 Volume 11 Publication Title Abya Yala News Pages 22, 34 Exploitation Health