55 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/6668335fdc822d5911376cbc97590d3a d768aa0c8ed7dc6dc732879cd880b74e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, no. 4 (7).pdf PDF Text Text I Brazil,July 17,1992. Therecoveryofpartofthe territory traditionally occupied by Xavante Indians depends on a concrete action of an Italian corporation, Agip Petroli, the holding company of the Italian stateowned Enter Nazionali Idrocarbure (ENI). The area in question, which is located in the state of Mato Grosso, is presently known as Suia-Missu farm and was bought by ENI in 1981. Although the chairman of the company, GabrieleCagliari,announcedonJunelO at the Earth Summit that the area would be re-turned to the Xavante Indians, he has not made good on his promise so far. Cagliari had said that the area would be returned to the Indians on the 8th of July 1992. According to FUNAI (National Indian Foundation), ENI' s representatives in Brazil oppose the idea of returning the area to the Xavante Indians, defying the decision made by the board of the company in Italy. These representatives have been demanding a statement from FUNAI on the rights of the Xavante Indians over the area. The delay to give the area back to the Indians is making it even more difficult for them to recover their territory. Two thousand families of squatters invaded the Suia-Missu farm on June 15, a few days after the announcement made by ENI's chairman. The squatters were encouraged to invade the area by mayors, politicians and farmers of the region, who oppose the idea of returning it to the Xavante Indians. They even prepared a map to show to the families the places they should invade and they are threatening to react with violence if the Indians do return. There have been accusations that they are occupying parts of the farm. These politicians claim that they rely on the support of the governor of the state of Mato Grosso, Julio Campos, and perhaps this is true, considering that he has not taken any measure to prevent the invasion. Agip Petroli, on its turn, hasn't voiced a word about the invasion of the farm, which is regarded as an area belonging to the company. The Suia-Missu farm occupies most of the 200 thousand hectares of the Maraiwatsede Indian Area. Vol 6 Num 4 FUNAI initiated the demarcation of the area, but its immediate continuity depends on Agip's consent to the return of the Xavante Indians. Agip Petroli bought the Suia-Missu farm in 1981. In the 50's, small squatter families began to invade Maraiwatsede. The area was bought by farmer Ariosto da Riva, who began to refer to the Indian territory as Suia-Missu farm. In 1962, the farmer associated with the Ometto entrepreneurial group in business undertakings. Ariosto da Riva and the Ometto family are of Italian origin. Conflicts between the Xavante Indians and the invaders began to grow until in 1966 the federal administra- Representative Porter (US Congress ) meets Chief tion transferred some Oren Lyon and other delegates. Photo SAIIC of the Indians to the Sao Marcos Salesian Mission, 300 km away from the area. Not long after that, a measles outbreak hit the mission and over 100 Indians died, many of whom had come from Maraiwatsede. The Indians who had stayed in Suia-Missu were taken to another Xavante area. The Ometto group sold the farm to the Liquigas do Brasil company in 1972, which on its tum sold it to Agip Petroli in 1981. The Xavante Indians never gave up the idea of returning to Maraiwatsede. Every year groups of Indians have been returning to the traditional territory to visit their old cemeteries and villages there. But only in 1984 did the Xavante Indians of Suia-Missu manage to get together once again in a single village, making it possible for them to claim their traditional territory in an organized way. Source: Indianist Missionary Council (CJlVII) newsletter 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 4 (Fall 1992) (English) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Italian Oil Company Occupies Area Belonging to Xavante Indians (Brazil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1992 Zotero Title Italian Oil Company Occupies Area Belonging to Xavante Indians (Brazil) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, no. 4 (7).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note Representatives of an Italian company in Brazil have opposed the return of Indian lands to the rightful inhabitants. These representatives acted in defiance of the board of their company. Issue 4 Language English Pages 7 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 6 Brazil encroachment Italian oil Xavante Indians Xavantes https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/1f2f46d10b0f261149076aa7218b92fc.pdf e75c28392bd73024ccdf4fcd7d371d80 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, No. 3 (Summer 1997) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Items Available from SAIIC (Back Cover) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1997 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Items Available from SAIIC (Back Cover) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 10, no. 3 (40).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 3 Language English Publication Title Abya Yala News Volume 10 Abstract Note Products available from SAIIC Pages 40 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/30969b818b8e3eb7b285077def03c6fe.pdf 10b28507f24184b3019735fb9e5c2d6a PDF Text Text ITEMS AVAILABLE FROM SAlle Anagrama anagrama@cano.com.ar Centro Mapuche centromapU@bariloche,com,ar Testimonies of Indian women organizing throughout the Continent. Statements from grassroots Indian women leaders from South and Meso America. Includes resolutions from Indigenous women's meetings, a directory of Indian women's organizations and key contacts, ,t'1~'f1:'"<tj~ information on Indian women's pro~.: ..... ~, jects, and poems by Indianwomen. iI.· Contains 128 pages with beautiful black and white photographs. Printed on recycled paper. $8 + $3.00 shipping. ASEO (Asociacion Ecologica del Oriente )aseo@aseo,rds,org,bo Kechuaymara kechuaym@caobaentelnetbo PROEIB Andes proeb@dicyt.nrc.edu,bo CCPY (Comissao Pro- Yanomami) spccpybr@ax,ibase.org,br ClMI (Conselho Indigenista Missionaro) cimi@embratel.net,br Instituto Socio Ambiental socioamb@ax,apc,org ClR (Conselho Indigena de Roraima) cir@technetcom,br ADMAPU admapU@hotmail.com Consejo de Todas LasTierras aukin@enteichile,net --SAIiC's latest taped radio program is now available. Focusing on topics related to biodiversity and Indigenous peoples, it serves as an informative base with which Indigenous peoples can protect themselves against unwelcome bioprospecting and biopiracy. 1 hour. Narrated by members of SAIIC's Board of Directors. (Available in Spanish only) $8.00 + $3.00 shipping. -- ONIC (Organizacion Nacional Indfgena de Colombia) oniC@colnode,apc,org Asociacion Cultural Sejekto de Costa Rica lalvarad@ns,mideplan,go,cr -- ------ '---c--..,-.-. ALAI info@alai,ecx.ec Amazanga Institute admin@amazanga,ecx.ec South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAlle) P.O. Box 1870], Oakland, CA 94604 CONAIE (Confederaci6n de Nacionalidades Indfgenas del Ecuador) Defensoria Maya defemaya@guate,net Fundaci6n Rigoberta Menchu Tum rmj@infovia,com,gt CONPAH (Confederation of Autonomos Peoples of Honduras) conpah%conpah@sdnhon,org,hn ----....-.--- Frente Indfgena Oaxaquefio fiob@laneta,apc.org Binacional OIDHO (Organizaciones Indias pOl' los Derechos Humanos de Oaxaca oidho@antequera,com SEPRADI (Servicios Profesionales de Apoyo al Desarollo Integral Indfgena) sepradi@laneta,apc,org Union de Cooperativas de Chiapas coopschiS@laneta,apc,org Asociacion Napguana napguana@pty.com Movimiento KUNA mjk@sinfo,net Ashaninka ashaninka@amauta,rcp,net.pe CHIRAPAQ (Centro de Culturas Indias) chirapaq+@amauta,rcp,net.pe COICA (Coordinating Body for the Indigenous People's Organizations of the Amazon Basin) coica@uio,satnet,net Non-profit Organization US Postage PAID Oakland, CA Permit No. 79 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, No. 4 (Fall 1997) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Items Available From SAIIC (Back Cover) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1997 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Items Available From SAIIC (Back Cover) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 10, no. 4 (40).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language English Publication Title Abya Yala News Volume 10 Abstract Note Items available from SAIIC Pages 40 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/dfbda9a08988349e2e20f96b82374eae.pdf 54a4d89e62826bb9b4acb5fb784ae3bf PDF Text Text ITEMS AVAILABLE FROM SAIIC Daughters of Abya Yala Testimonies of Indian women organizing throughout the Continent. Statements from grassroots Indian women leaders from South and Meso America. Includes resolutions from Indigenous women's meetings. a directory of Indian · women's organizations and key' contacts, information on lndiaJ> women's projects. and poems by Indian women. Contains 128 pages with beautiful black and white photographs. Printed on recy· cled paper. $8 + $3.00 shipping. Video: A Skirt Full of Butterflies 15 minutes. A love poem to the Isthmus Zapotec women · of southern Oaxaca. Mexico. by filmmakers Ellen Osborne and Maureen Gosling. For every purchase made. a second copy will be sent to an Indigenous women's o~ganization as a gift. $19.95 + ~.00 shipping. Video: Columbus Didn't Discover Us Native people's perspectives on the Columbus Quincentennial based on the footage of the 1990 Quito Conference. 24 minutes. A co·production of SAIIC, CONAIE. ONIC and Turning llde Productions. Available in Spanish or English. $19.95 + $3.00 shipping. Amazonia: Voices from the Rainforest A resource and action guide with a comprehensive list· ing of international rainforest and Amazonian Indian organizations sponsored by SAIIC and the International Rivers Network. and published by Rainforest Action Network and Amazonia Film Project. 1990. Available in Spanish or English for $4.50 + $3.00 shipping. ·1992 International Directory & Resource Guide An annotated directory of over 600 international orga· nizations that participated in 500 Years of Resistance projects . Includes declarations from Indigenous confer· ences and organizations and information on curriculum resources. speakers bureaus. computer networks. audio-visual .resources and print resources. $5.00 + $3.00 shipping. ''Indigenous Voices" Radio Program SAIIC's latest taped radio program is now available. Focusing on topics related to biodiversity and Indigenous peoples.' jt serves as an informative base with which Indigenous peoples can protect themselves against unwelcome bioprospecting and biopiracy. 1 hour. Narrated by members of SAIIC's Board of Directors. <Available in Spanish only) $8.00 + $3.00 shipping. South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ' P.O. Box 28703, Oakland, CA 94604 Non·profit Organization US Postage PAID Oakland, CA Permit No. 79· � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 1 (Spring 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ITEMS AVAILABLE FROM SAIIC (Back Page) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1996 Language A language of the resource English, Spanish English Zotero Title ITEMS AVAILABLE FROM SAIIC (Back Page) Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 40 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1996 Language English Attachment Title abyayala_v10_n1_p40.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] "Indigenous Voices" Radio Program Daughters of Abya Yala https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/d6f386fc6c5c888cd09df56cc46c8388.pdf 7124a6967ac1ebc6aa2a8793e388bff9 PDF Text Text JAMAICA According to the official written history of Jamaica, the indigenous people of the land, the Arawaks, were exterminated by the Spanish prior to the British takeover of Jamaica in 1655. However, the Jamaican Maroons, free blacks who waged guerrilla war against the British, claim otherwise. Roy Nigerian Harris, leader of the Young Maroons of Jamaica, states, "Most of them died, but the remainder were living in the Maroons communities with the Spaniards who flew to the hills. Three groups of people, the Maroons, the Spaniards, and the Arawaks defended the island against the English. But because the English promised the Maroons peace, they stopped fighting. The Spaniards flew because they could not fight without the Maroons. The Arawaks lived with the Maroons all the time. They cross-bred with the Maroons but the African blood stands out." ·Today, there are four major Maroons communities in Jamaica, born of treaties completed with the British in 1739. The treaties recognized Maroon freedom, their right to the land, and Maroon self-government. Accompong is one of the original villages located in the rugged western Cockpit Country; and Moore Town, Charles Town and Scotts Hall were originally settled by the Windward Maroons. Only Accompong and Moore Town, however, maintain a way of life based on the original treaties, such as communal land tenure, exemption from government taxation, and governing Maroon councils headed by elected officers. Still, Maroons throughout Jamaica rely on traditional medicine and practice a clearly distinct tradition of music and dance, which contain African and Arawak influences. Despite their proud history of freedom and resistance, the Maroons are a forgotten people in Jamaica. According to Nigerian, "Government does not share whatever happens in Jamaica with the Maroons. Musicians sing, but not about the Maroons. They teach, but not about the Maroons. The Maroons have no hospitals. We have the highest malnutrition rate in the country. We have serious cases of gastroenteritis. We cannot transport our sick for we have no roads. We can't afford meals. We are starving. There is no community activity for the youths. The children are harshly brought up with the whip and harsh words because of the pressure that have burdened the people. It is discouraging." Continual attempts are made to rob the Maroons of their Accompong CharlesTown~~~ • Scotts Hall" 'if ;:::;:; commonly-held lands through private purchases, and to § undermine their independence by withholding public services, the same techniques that have been used to eradicate indigenous land tenure and indiCUBA genous peoples around the world. ~CARIBBEAN SEA Still, Nigerian says, HAJTI DOMINICAN~ ~ -......,...,.> RE~LIC,..----.. "Sometimes we cannot blame strangers for all the bad things that befall us-we must also JAM>JC~&'~ Vol. 2, no. 2. Winter, 1986. Published by SAIIC © i 1986 Page 6 �blame ourselves and our own Maroons leaders. We would like to collaborate with everyone and make this world a better place, but first we have to help ourselves by getting rid of the rifts in our communities." To begin this process, the Maroons have formed a new federation to create a stronger representation and voice for the people. Nigerian concludes, "We have a legacy here in Jamaica that we can afford to extend to all the peoples of the Caribbean, and this legacy lies within the realm of the Maroons. It is in the history of the people and their will and determination to fight against evil and overwhelming powers. Our history, if told correctly, can be of benefit in many ways. It would surprise many." - Randi Kristensen SAIIC has also received a letter from Roy Nigerian Harris with the following comments: "I am the vice-president of the newly form Maroons Federation of Jamaica. We would like to Federate with you as we share the same problems. We could open a communication connection and rise everyone to the occasion. I myself have been much concerned about the Indians of the Americas. Let us join hands for the Federation of Man. For more information regarding the situation of the Maroons, the new Federation, or the Maroons Cultural Centre, contact Roy Nigerian Harris, 12 Harbor Street, Port Antonio, Portland, Jamaica, W.I., or Randi Kristensen, 1727 Delaware Street, Berkeley, CA 94703. GUATEMALA The government's assault on guerrilla groups in rural areas of Guatemala has involved the destruction of many Indian villages and the deaths of many Indian people. Others have fled across the border to Mexico to protect their lives. Nilo Cayuqueo recently asked Domingo Lopez of the Indian Movement of Guatemala, who is among the refugess in Mexico, about the situation in the refugee camps: "It is a very difficult situation, but we have to recognize that the very fact that we are now in Mexico is a gesture of support by the Mexican government. Otherwise, we know that there would be no other place for us to be. Actually, even though there are many limitations, we know that the refugees are struggling to survive in all aspects of life. We are trying to Guatemala News and Information Bureau, 1982. survive, and we have the hope that we might some day return to our country, but that will only be when we know there are genuine changes." Jeronimo Camposeco of the Corn Maya project in Florida comments on what can be done to assist Guatemalan refugees in the United States: "One important step is working to build a sense of brotherhood and sisterhood on the . part of Indians in the United States toward Guatemalan refugees now living here." Another Guatemalan Indian voice is that of Pedro Ixcoy: "We continue our traditional religious practice, even though we are persecuted and killed for it. It is seen by the government as very subversive. There can be a unity of understanding among Indians of all the Americas from our knowledge of the religious basis of life." The newly-elected civilian government in Guatemala brings hope for change. SAIIC strongly supports a move toward peace and social justice. Vol. 2, no. 2. Winter, 1986. Published by SAHC. © 1986. Page 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 2 (Winter 1986) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jamaica Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1986 Zotero Title Jamaica Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 2, no. 2 (6-7).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Language English Issue 2 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 2 Date Winter 1986 Pages 6-7 Abstract Note According to the official written history of Jamaica, the indigenous people of the land, the Arawaks, were exterminated by the Spanish prior to the British takeover of Jamaica in 1655. Charles Town Jamaica Maroons Moore Town Scotts Hall Spanish https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/ebef72c3683fa270ca2a9c62e2d58101.pdf 39553d72b0af7f02c88ab3f00124286c PDF Text Text James Muneta, who has been a frequent contributor of articles and illustrations to the SAIIC newsletter, as in our radio program, returned home of coordinator of programs for the Dine Center at Tsaile, Navajo Nation, Arizona. His perspective on international issues has broadened the understanding of all of us. He to continue as an active member of SAIIC with a southwestern perspective. He writes, "I miss my good friends in the Bay Area, but I must help my people. My clan is the red sand people and the earth here in Tsaile is red, which makes me feel very happy and peaceful. There are many sagebrush bushes and cedar trees here which are also sacred medicine herbs to the Dine." Photo: S. Lobo DAYS TO REMEMBER July l.t_ 1492 The Italian adventurer Christopher Columbus set sail from Puerto de Palos in Spain with three ships. He reached the American continent on October 12 of the same year. This voyage was the first of many negative events that affected Indian people during the following nearly five hundred years. August ~ 1532 The Inca leader Atahualpa was executed by order of Francisco Pizarro. In addition to the desecration of sacred temple and plundering, the death of Indian leaders were among the outrages the Indian people suffered during the Spanish conquest. August 26 ~ 'lJ...L 1780 Tupac Amaru, the Quechua leader in what is now Peru, and Tupac Katar i, leader in what is now Bolivia, initiated the liberation struggle against Spaniards occupying their land. Vol. 2, no. l. Fall, 1985. Published quarterly. ®SAIIC Page 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 1 (Fall 1985) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource James Muneta Returns to the Navajo Nation Type The nature or genre of the resource Magazine Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1985 Language A language of the resource Zotero Title James Muneta Returns to the Navajo Nation Item Type Magazine Article Attachment Title Vol. 1, no. 2 (16).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Abstract Note James Muneta, a frequent contributor of articles and illustrations to the SAIIC newsletter, as well as a participant in SAIIC radio programs, returned to fulfill the position of coordinator of programs for the disabled Indigenous. Issue 1 Pages 16 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 2 Language English James Muneta Navajo https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/d03b2ab173cdb32da69f533b2742cdaa a62fa848b43135e3fd87240a91b41e4a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, no. 4 (8).pdf PDF Text Text 1 1 Rigoberta Menchu, indi[germ Quiché de Miguel de Ustatán en Guatemala fue honrada con el Premio Nobel de la Paz por la la afio 1983. Desde afio en que comienza su exilio, academia sueca. Ri~toberta Menchu ha luchado por la defensa de los de Unidad derechos humanos de los ladinos de GuateCampesina (CUC), una (Oinebm) organización sindical de Indígenas y Ladinos (mestizos). También es Humanos. Como una de las fundadorasde la Representación de Unidad de la docientos mil dólares y al enterarse de su victoria OposiciónOuatemalteca(RUOO), declaró: " un grupo de líderes exiliados que Rigoberta se defme como "cristiana y revolucionaria" y RigobertaMenchú. Foto: DickBancroft representan los intereses del pueblo estima que "la lucha es la lucha de clases de guatemalteco· ante la comunidad todos los explotados". Felicitamos internacional. que los y el En 19!.U, durante la época de mayor represión desencadenada por los militares, tuvo que salir de Gua- encontrar la paz con temala y radicarse en México, lugar donde vive desde opresión. Asimismo esperamos que ella apoye las por la entonces. En 1983 publicó un libro"Me llamo Rigoberta reivindicaciones de los Pueblos Menchú y así me nació la conciencia" en el que narra los autodeterminación, ya que encontramos que existela aflos de mayor represión por parte del ejército y los necesidad de fortalezer las organizaciones indígenas de sufrimientos de su familia y de su pueblo. Su hermano y base para poder alianzas con los demás sectores su madre fueron asesinados por fuerzas militares del basadas en el respeto mutuo. 1 Las caravanas por la Paz y la La llegada de la caravana a Teotihuacán. Foto: Zoltan 1992 culminaron con la llegada las pirámides milenarias de Tootihuacán, cerca de Ciudad de México el día 11 de octubre..La carrera espiritual celebró la sobrevivencia de las culturas originarias durante los últimos 500 afios y buscó fomentar la solidaridad entre las naciones indígenas de este hemisferio. Los participantes de Norteamérica iniciaron sus carreras en Alaska en mayo y los de Sudamérica (algunos venían incluso de Chile y Bolivia) partieron en agosto desde Perú. Después a Teotihuacán y unir las dos caravarms, el grupo de más de 1000 personas caminó hasta la antigua ciudad pre-azteca guiados por los niflos y los ancianos. El grupo lo encabezaba un joven indígena norteamericano quien llevaba el cetro con el águila de Todas las Naciones traído por los corredores de Nortearnérica, y una nifla quien ~ba el cetro con el cóndor sudamericano. Una vez terminada la carrera, los líderes espirituales de Norte, Sud y Centroamérica formaron la Confederación del Águila y el Cóndor que se para unir a las naciones indígenas. Grossman) Noticias de Abya Yala � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 4 (Noviembre 1992) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jornada de Paz y Dignidad 1992 Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Jornada de Paz y Dignidad 1992 Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, no. 4 (8).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/88e7ed7224a17bbdcb250e5c81818ccc 5c195d271b83dbd67e8dfb8b0a6b4642 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, no. 4 (16).pdf PDF Text Text I (Argentina) At the end of the 19th century, in what is now the Republic of Argentina, the government began a wide-spread "schooling" camKollas Indian weavers in Tilcara. Photo SAIIC paign. This campaign imposed mandatory elementary education throughout the land. The dominant ideology of the times, similar to the dominant ideology today, reflected the desire of the Argentinian elite to join the ranks of the more "developed" nations of the planet. Europe, the great cities, and the industrialized world symbolized civilization, while the Indians represented backwardness, ignorance, and savagery. Thus, the Argentinian "procer" Domingo Faustino Sarmiento led the above-mentioned schooling campaign with the motto "civilization or barbarism". In order to become a modernized country, it was neccesary for all of the inhabitants to receive a westernized education. Once the military campaigns of extermination were concluded (the Desert Campaign and the Chaco Campaign), the indigenous people who still lived in Argentina had to be civilized. A system of rural boarding schools was created, where Indigenous children were taught foreign values. In this process of enforced acculturation, a principal objective was the elimination of the indigenous languages. In the Andean region of Argentina, it was forbidden to speak the Queshwa language. Children were punished in the schools for speaking their native language in an attempt to impose the exclusive use of Spanish. Yet the Queshwa language had been so pervasive that the Argentinian Declaration of Independence from 16 Spain, signed in the city of Tucuman in 1816, was written in a bilingual format, in both Queshwa and Spanish. To a certain extent, the objective of stamping out Queshwa was reached. By the beginning of the 20th century, Queshwa was spoken only in the province of Santiago del Estero. However, as documented extensively by the researcher and linguistRumi Nahui, founder of the Institute Qeshwa Jujuymanta, the queshwa "thought forms" persist among the inhabitants of northeastern Argentina. The distinct Spanish dialect that is spoken there, and that is often sneered at by academics, is actually the result of the incorporation of Queshwa words, Queshwa accentuation patterns, and Queshwa grammatical structures into the Spanish language. These indigenous Andean "thought forms" are being rescued and developed presently through the work of the J ujuymata Institue. We are relearning to speak the language of our ancestors. Our friends at the Institute hope to establish contact with those people interested in learning or helping to disseminate the indigenous languages of Abya Yala (America). The Jujuymanta institute also offers correspondence courses in Queshwa. It is currently soliciting funds for the publication of stories, poetry, and teaching aids for Queshwa and Guarani language instruction. For more information, please contact Instituto Jujuymanta Galena Alvear 4600 S. S. Jujuy Argentina SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 4 (Fall 1992) (English) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jujuymata Language Institute Works to Revive Indigenous "Thought Forms" (Argentina) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Jujuymata Language Institute Works to Revive Indigenous "Thought Forms" (Argentina) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, no. 4 (16).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/f0777239a23ddc5cee7f94793767613e.pdf 875cb866bda4d9700a79d3811af6ab4c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4, No. 1 (9).pdf PDF Text Text Julia Macuxi is a Macuxi Indian from the Maloquinha Village in the Serra do Sol Raposa. She is 26 years old, has 6 children and is the wife of Gilberta Macuxi. Her statement: "Gilberta [Macuxi] and I left the village in 1980, expelled by the large landholders. They wanted to take our land and we didn't know our rights. "Our work here in the city is with our relatives. They come from all parts of Roraima and look us up to help them with their problems with FUNAI (the government's Indian agency). I'm part of this struggle ~d I'm also a representative of the Chiefs (Tuchauas ). Since I haven't gone to school and don't have a profession, I don't have any means of surviving in the city. My profession is in the village_.._ hunting, fishing, cultivating our crops, and making cachiri (manioc beer). "Up until now, there hasn't been a good FUNAI representative to help the Indians. We don't trust them because they sell and give away our land to the large landholders, mining companies and to Calha Norte (a Brazilian military project). Once, when I went to my village, I was attacked by gold prospectors who were trying to kill Gilberta. "We want our brothers in the United States to help us in our struggle by informing people of our situation-because I'm going to continue in this struggle with my relatives.'' !ikuna massa~re w~re r~lased from jail, prompt1ng a celebration w1th fireworks in the town of Benjamin Constant. ~~son Oliveira, regional vice-president of the ~razilian Bar. Association in Manaus, and respons1ble ~or ~ss~sting the Tikuna case through the orga~IZahon s Commission on Human Rights is worned about pursuing the case through the local courts. While waiting to learn the basis for the Federal tribunal's decision not to hear the case in a Federal court, Oliveira is worried that more deaths might occur due to increasing tensions between Indians and non-Indians. After a visit to the community last April, and interviews with local representatives, the police chief, FUNAI representatives, the local judge and the Indians, the lawyer verifies local authorities' strong unwillingness to resolve the case. He says wood and rubber extracting companies are spreading rumors that the Tikuna would poison the town's water and mix glass particles with the flour they produce and sell to the town. This, according to Oliveira is extremely unlikely as the flour is the Indian's main income source. The Brazilian Press Association, during the celebration of its 80th anniversary in defense of human rights, expressed its repudiation of the Tikuna massacre. In response to the Tikuna massacre, SAIIC sent an Urgent Action Bulletin requesting letters and telegrams to be sent to the Brazilian authorities in protest of this atrocity. We wish to express our appreciation of solidarity to the hundreds of supporters who responded to our request. Tikuna JVJassatcre . A dan~erous. atmosphere of prejudice conTikuna Indians in Brazil's upper Solimoes regmn, where 27 Indians were massacre~ in March. On May 19, the body of Francisco Otavmno was found, and Indians claimed there were visible . marks of ·violence on his body. Authorities have said his death was due to "natural'' causes. At about the same time, Oscar Castelo Branco and others allegedly responsible for the tm~es agams~ Page 9 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4 No. 1 (Summer 1988) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Julia Macuxi: "I'm Going to Continue in this Struggle" (Brazil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1988 Zotero Title Julia Macuxi: "I'm Going to Continue in this Struggle" (Brazil) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 4, No. 1 (9).pdf Issue 1 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 4 Pages 9 Abstract Note Julia, a Macuxi Indian, asks for help from US citizens to help her situation in Roraima, Brazil. Brazil Macuxi Roraima Summer 1988 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/4f74f2b7bdd0894d9e3e3f66543c7379.pdf 34d519370a4b9542d5dbeaac98ca2fc9 PDF Text Text Page 19 KAYAPO ORGANIZE OPPOSITION AT HYDROELECTRIC DAM SITE The Kayap6 of the Xingu River region, . incensed over the prosecution of two of their leaders by the Brazilian government, and wishing to take direct action to oppose a series of dams planned for the Xingu, convened a meeting February 21-26 to mobilize opposition to the hydroelectric projects. Kayap6 organizers brought together nearly 1,000 Indian people from the Xingu region at the site of Kararao dam, and they plan to establish a permanent settlement at the dam site in order to more closely monitor the surveying and construction activities. �Page 20 One of the Kayap6 indicted by the government Bepkororoti (Paiakan), who was charged with for treason under the "foreigner's law" for criticizing the government's hydroelectric plans, recently visited seven countries, including the U.S., to enlist international support. The Kayap6 have come out in opposition to a $500 million loan to the Brazilian electric power industry under consideration by the World Bank, which would facilitate the construction of th~ Xingu Dams. In October, Bepkororoti's co-defendent, Kuben-i, was refused admission to the courtroom in Belem for appearing in traditional Kayap6 dress and warpaint. The judge then ordered the two to undergo psychiatric testing to determine their "fitness" to stand trial. The charges were finally dropped in early February Among the Native groups summoned to the meeting were the Arara, Parakana, Xipaia, Kuruaia, Arawete, and Asurini, all of whom would be impacted if the dams were built. The date chosen for the meeting conformed with the Kayap6 calendar, and the festival of new com was concluded in Altamira , the site of the meeting. Bepkororoti (Paiakan): "No one of us is strong enough to win alone." Bepkororoti issued a call.for international support for the Kayap6's initiative in defense of the rainforest: "The forest is one big thing-it has people, animals, and plants. There is no point saving the animals if the forest is burned down; there is no point saving the forest if the people and animals who live in it are killed or driven away. The groups trying to save the races of animals cannot win if the people trying to save the forest lose; the people trying to save the Indians cannot win if either of the others lose. The Indians cannot win without the support of these groups, but the groups cannot win without the support of the Indians who know the forest and the animals and can tell what is happening to them. No one of us is strong enough to win alone-together, we can be strong enough to win." SOURCE: Ecumenical Center for Documentation and Information (CEDI), Av. Higien6polis 983, CEP 01238 Sao Paulo SP, Brasil. For more information on the meetin& and how you may assist the Kayap6 in their effort, please contact SAIIC. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4, Nos. 2&amp;3 (Fall 1988 &amp; Winter 1989) Zotero Volume 4 Language English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kayapo Organize Opposition at Hydroelectric Dam Site (Brazil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1988 & Winter 1989 Zotero Title Kayapo Organize Opposition at Hydroelectric Dam Site (Brazil) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 4, nos. 2 &3 (19-20).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 2 & 3 Language English Volume 4 Pages 19-20 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/07ab8aeb8b8cdae5e98a5f67413ca214.pdf c42033e0b0891bb04c86f4819e43cbc2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 3 _ 4 (18).pdf PDF Text Text is a forced eviction, he fears that it will lead to a battle. On November 21, the Pehuenche residents blocked the, roads to the valley to stop the logging company from taking out truckloads of araucaria trees. Pehuenche leader Ricardo Melifiir stated that they have taken the action because the land and all that is on it, is still in dispute. The previous Wednesday, the Pehuenche saw twelve truckloads ofthe sacred trees being hauled off and have kept a permanent vigil since then. He reports that they are willing to block the roads indefinitely. The assistant to the government on Indigenous Issues of Governorship has accused the Communist Party of provoking false hopes of land recuperation among the Mapuches, inciting them to fight for their rights. (Chile) Since September 28, 1989, the National Commission of Mapuche Communities "500 Years for Our Identity and Autonomy" and the Council of the Lands (Aukin Wallmapu Ngulan) have been carrying out a campaign focusing on the "teachings of Mapuche ideology" in Chile. The Mapuche population in Chile comprises 10% of the nation's total number of inhabitants. Nevertheless, the newly installed government of Patricio Alwyn has demonstrated a blatant lack of sensitivity with regards to this significant sector of the population. Among the most recent affronts to the Mapuche population was the invitation to the King of Spain to visit the southern Chilean city of Valdivia as part of the 500 years "celebration of the discovery of America." Valdivia is located in the heart of Mapuche lands (the provinces of Valdivia, Malleco, Cautin, Osorno, Chiloe, Bio Bio, and Arauco have large Mapuche populations, which constitutes a majority of the province's total population). The invitation of the King of Spain to Valdivia was followed by an offer to make Chile the headquarters for the Ibero-American Conference scheduled for October, 1990, an action denounced by the Mapuche, Rapanui (of Easter Island), and the Aymara people in Chile. Despite these recent affronts by the Alwyn regime, and the democratic and human rights violations committed between 1973 and 1989 by the notorious Pinochet dictatorship, the Mapuches in Chile have both maintained and strengthened their organizations over the past few years, enabling them to successfully carry out many important activities. In November of 1989 the Mapuche people commemorated their Final Uprising, holding meetings with various regional and national government officials. Also, the First National Conference of Authorities and Personalities of Mapuche Origin was held April23-26 of this year. The Council of All the Lands declared this Conference "an important step for our people considering it has been nearly a century since 18 these Mapuche leaders were wrested from their positions following the loss of control over our lands. Now we are meeting once again. In the company of many international guests, including our Indigenous brothers from Argentina, Bolivia, and Canada, we analyzed a variety of issues bringing the event to a close with aNguillatun (Mapuche ceremony) at Cerro Nielol in the city of Temuco. 2,500 brothers and sisters attended the Nguillatun. AMeli Wuitralmapu (Meeting of the Four Corners of the Earth) was held on October 10 and 11 of this year. The objective of the Meli Wuitralmapu was to "promote activities rejecting the 500 years celebrations." According to a document produced by the Council of All the Lands, "aMeli Wuitralmapu is both the procedure for organizing and the form of organization which our ancestors used to analyze situations of importance to us as a people." Approximately 450 people participated in the Meli Wuitralmapu, including our Mapuche, Aymara, and Rapanui brothers, as well as many international guests. The plans for October 10 and 11 reflect the broad perspective held by the Mapuche organizations enabling them to carry out the many activities conducted thus far. The earlier mentioned document by the Council of All the Lands summed up the point of view held by these Mapuche organizations in the following manner: Today, after five centuries of invasion, the Mapuche people, along with many other Native Peoples, continue to exist. We are now emerging as a new movement, fighting for both immediate rights and needs, as well as a far-reaching, comprehensive politic which links our own ideological goals with those of other poor sectors of the population and questions the essence of the nation state concept embodied in the Latin American nations of today. As we approach 1992, a wide range of social and political sectors are coming together to celebrate the so-called "discovery" of America and the alleged "civilizing" process undertaken by Spanish colonialism. By participating in these celebrations and naming the celebration "The Meeting of Two Worlds," these sectors are attempting to deny the existence of the most massive attempt at genocide undertaken in the history of our nations. Following the formation of the nation states, we were forced to endure the process of internal colonization. Embodied in this process was the systematic denial of our existence as nations and the imposition of a different life-style as a result of the policies implemented by the descendents of Spanish colonialism. Nevertheless, Mapuches continue to exist as a people because of the strength and richness of our culture, passed on to us by our ancestors. SAIIC Newsletter � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4 (December 1990) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kings Visit Protested (Southern Cone) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Kings Visit Protested (Southern Cone) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 5, Nos. 3 _ 4 (18).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/16ab34515ee3ad89ec8c3785bfdb50e5 31f44fbb5b56227287964615173b6a6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (25-26).pdf PDF Text Text mover la recuperación de las culturas indígenas, 2. protección de derechos civiles y humanos, 3. reafirmar una imagen propia positiva,4. promover extensivo intercambio entre los distintos pueblos indígenas y 5. revertir las injusticias a las que ellos y otras minorías están sometidos. Sus numerosos logros, incluyen hasta ahora la iniciación de los contactos que se llevan a cabo en la actualidad entre el Grupo de Trabajo de las Naciones Unidas y el Consejo Mundial de Pueblos Indígenas. El primer encuentro se realizó en la Primera Conferencia Internacional de Belize de el13 al20 del pasado mes de noviembre, donde se deliberó sobre cuestiones fundamentales relacionadas con la misma naturaleza de COIP, sus relaciones internacionales con otras organizaciones indígenas y la dirección que tomarán sus actividades en 1990. COIP ha entablado un fuerte diálogo con la Universidad India de Saskatchewan de Canadá. 1 La Comunidad Triqui Confronta Gobierno Miembros del movimiento de Unificaión y Lucha Triqui (MULT) firmaron un pacto con el gobierno del Estado de Oaxaca, proponiendo soluciones a los problemas de rescate a las formas tradicionales de gobierno. El Secretario General de gobie-rno dijo: "Continuaremos el diálogo para formar un gobierno municipal con el consenso de todos." Se espera que con este pacto se abran caminos para reestablecer la paz en la región. La fortaleza de COIP se basa en el hecho de que está formada por personas que no son representantes de los gobiernos nacionales, más bien, son dirigentes de sus propios pueblos y están íntimamente ligados a sus comunidades. Nosotros, en SAIIC expresamos los mejores deseos para COIP, la voz de las comunidades de habla inglesa del Caribe. Para contactar a COIP, dirigirse a: Dr. Joseph O. Palacio Coordinador, COIP POBox229 Belize City Belize, America Central FAX:Oll-78453 Máscara Triki La firma del pacto se realizó, al tiempo que 400 miembros del MUL T marcharon con un grupo de campesinos durante cinco dias, desde sus comunidades hasta la capital del Estado donde se �reunieron con el Secretario General del Gobernador. El diálogo fue iniciado ellO de abril, 250 delegados de diferentes partes del estado formaron la Coordinadora de Organizaciones Campesinas (COCO). Comunidad está Usando la Tecnología para Proteger su Cultura A continuación transcribimos parte de la entrevista hecha a dos indios Triquis, Marcos Sandoval Cruz y Fausto Sandoval, durante su visita al área de la Bahía de San Francisco. Existen cerca de 25.000 Triquis en la zona de la Mixteca Alta de Oaxaca, estamos rodeados de mixtecos. Hemos estado buscando apoyo para nuestro centro cultural desde que este nació. Estamos trabajando en los archivos municipales, estamos grabando testimonios en nuestro idioma (Triqui) de los ancianos de nuestros pueblos. Consideramos que existen problemas con la educación que nuestros niños reciben ya que ésta les enseña a dejar de ser indios y muchos de ellos ya sienten extraña nuestra cultura. Por otro lado es importante, para nosotros, saber español, que es el idioma de la cultura dominante, asi pues existen contradicciones, es por esto que estamos grabando el testimonio de nuestros ancianos, ésto no fue necesario antes, pero ahora estamos siendo invadidos culturalmente por el exterior. "En Septiembre En México el gode 1986, establecimos un bierno nacional está tracentro cultural en nuestra comunidad y necesitamos Hermanos Triki, Marcos y Fausto Sandoval Cruz en su visita a SAIIC. tando de hacer desaparecer nuestra cultura, de ayuda de la comunidad internacional para mantenerlo activo. Estamos gra- homogenizarnos con la cultura dominante. Ellos bando en cintas el testimonio de nuestros ancianos, nos ven como pobres, ignorantes, y analfabetos. ésto es porque nuestra historia es oral y los docu- Para justificar sus actividades ellos dicen que nos mentos escritos nunca han tenido importancia para están ayudando, pero la realidad es que quieren que dejemos de ser indios. Por ejemplo el gobierno nos nosotros. manda médicos que tratan de hacernos enemigos de Nuestro sueño es usar la tecnología no como la naturaleza. Ellos dicen que la tierra es sucia y que la usa el occidente, para imponer su cultura, sino no debemos dejar a nuestros niños jugar con ella, para rescatar nuestra concepción del mundo y forma pero para nosotros la tierra es nuestra madre, es de pensar. Pedimos prestados equipos de video a la dificíl aceptar que la tierra es sucia. Ellos nos traen televisara estatal para grabar las fiestas y actividades medicinas que algunas veces nos causan otras enferimportantes de la comunidad. Uno de los caminos medades, a ellos les gustaría que dejásemos de ser para que la gente joven de nuestros pueblos es- como ellos nos ven, personas simples y sucias, que cuchen muestra música es tenerla grabada y poder nos enfermamos con enfermedades curables como parasitosis y les gustaría que nos convirtiésemos en reproducirla en los tocacintas. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource La Comunidad Triqui Confronta al Gobierno (Mexico) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Setiembre 1989 - Marzo 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title La Comunidad Triqui Confronta al Gobierno (Mexico) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (25-26).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Language Spanish Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 25-26 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Volume 5 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3