60 12 1190 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/48270ba45a1066bd5b83e7847896dd32.pdf 4afbca1365f2ea20309aa0b4c64294a4 PDF Text Text I N TE RNA T I O NAL Mapuche at Summit of the Americas: "We Oppose the FreeTrade Agreement." edge at the service of the nonhern coun- tt)'S transnationals... This declaration sprung from a con· fercnce held in No\·ember in Temuco. # Chile. It begins, "In this declaration. we establish a political position before NAFTA. In March, we will hold another meeting to el. borate a set of proposals to a guarantee Indigenous rights in relation to the free-trade agreements. \Ve arc holding a series of consultations. because we wam everyone to be fully We alert the Indigenous peoples of America that the multilateral economic agreements which are being adopted by the Latin American governments compromise the future of the continent. in which the Indigenous peoples are a reality that possess historical legitimacy over awa_e of any plan. program or project r the territories in which the governing states have been established. derived from the free trade :\greement -Consejo de Todas las Tierras. Declaration of Temuco. Dec. 2. 1994 and applied in Mapuche territory. But in addition, we wam guarantees for our uring the Summit of the ended." Huilcam~n noted. "but this war righlS. This rna>' cause confliCtS with the Americas. President Clinton of ecor\omic competition is more dan· state, and of course. the communities are announced the future entry of . gcrous, more harmful. more e.ffec;tive. going to defend themselves. This conOict may have unpredictable resultS.• Chile into the Nonh American Free more destabilizing." · we p.1rticipated in the Summit-stat· Trade Agreement. AucAn Hui1cam.<1n and )ost N:.t.fn. tWO representatives or the ed Huil~mctn-in order to make our Other States W ill Soon Follow ln the Summit, the states announced Mapuche Indian organization in Chile. physical and cultural existence known, Consejo de Todas las Tierra.s (Council of even when the States and in panicular development of an act ion plan to review All the Lands). p resented a formal decla- the Chilean state say that there are only and improve the laws that protect the ration to those at the Summit, denounc- Chileans here. We demonstrated that in rights of minorities and the Indigenous ing the multilateral agreement as illegit· Chile there is another realit)• apan from peoples, but according to Huilcam:ln . imate. since the states have no authority the unifomlity that the State is trying to :.'lnd NaJn, this is ..just a way to make the D o ver their people. The declaration affirms that the states can legitimately meet to discuss the free·trade agreemem, but cannot unilaterally make decisions that affect Indigenous peoples. "The Indigenous people arc a rMiity. We p redate the states. We pre-date the governments that today make decisions for us and for the comincrn ... at the same time. those agreements are foreign. uni· lateral. and lack our consent." Huilc:anu1n and Nafn came to the Summit representing hundreds of thou· sands of Mapuche who fear that NAFTA will increase the exploitation of their territories and the violation of their human rights. NAFTA. they point out. was signed in the US. Canada and Mexico without taking the Indigenous peoples into account. According to the ·~·1apuche. representatives. the economic agenda p roposed at the Summit, will ha,·e terrib le repercussions for Indigenous peoples. "They say that the cold war has Vol. 8 No.4 impose. Chile has twelve million inhabitants, according to the government four million live in poveny. One million of these arc Mapuche. In the long term, the people most affected by the trade agreement with Chile, as in all of America ";11 be the Indigenous peoples. In this sense. we are concenled for the future of the continent. We have found that there is no information-there is little understanding of the implications o f these multilateral agreements. Today for example. people arc patenting food produCtS. but they arc also patenting Indigenous knowledge, even human gene5. When we lose control of these things, it will be a global catastrophe." Under NAFTA. the decla· ration states. "the intellectual propeny of the Indigenous peoples will continue to be usurped with gre.1ter efficiency. in light of that fact that biotechnology has become the mechanism and wol of usu_pation and extraction of our knowl· r public believe that the states "ill respect our rights."' Follo"ing the Summit. Huilcam:\n and Naln spoke at a number of eventS. emphasizing that while Chile may be the nextsig· natory to NAFTA. many other Latin American sutes arc li!l<'d up to follow. Sooner or later. all Indigenous peoples " 'II be foced with the s.1.me circumstances. Thus. the Consejo de Todas las Tierras hopes to es~ablish alliances with other Indian organizations to promote action now- before the agreements arc signed and it is too L"e. Huilcrun~n notes that the Indigenous movement has been too often o-n the defensive. reacting L O eventS after the fact. NAFTA, he urges. should be met " ;th an Indigenous offensive. To support the Mapuchc effort against NAFTA contact: Aukin \\~llmapu Ngulam·Conscjo de Todas las Titrras. Gtncral M'ac.kt Pma 152 Casflla +18 Tcmuco, Chile TcVjax: (45) 235697. 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche at Summit of the Americas: "We Oppose the Free Trade Agreement" Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Mapuche at Summit of the Americas: "We Oppose the Free Trade Agreement" Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 25 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note After the announcement of Chile's entry into the North American Free Trade Agreement, indigenous groups speak out against the potential economic and territorial consequences of the agreement for indigenous communities. Attachment Title Mapuche_at_Summit_of_the_Americas.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Chile Intellectual Property Rights Mapuche NAFTA https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/35955497ccf936d9db0c7ab68d233fa4.pdf b7594844080c2ccc2b339d22af53d3ad PDF Text Text Page 17 MAPUCHE COMMUNITIES "" UNDER MILITARY ATTACK Last November 16th, 400 Carabineros from the Triguen base and the Fifth Military Region attacked six Mapuche communities in the Ercilla area. This was the second attack by the military, the first having occurred on October 31st. The military forces issued a communique, justifying the attack by saying that some of the Mapuche illegally possessed firearms, and that some of the accused "planned to attack health centers and churches in the area." Directors of the Mapuche organization AdMapu held a press conference in Temuco, denouncing this and other violations suffered by the community at the hands of the military government. According to Ad-Mapu, the soldie~s interrupted a meeting of the Mapuche comm:uruties, striking some of those present, and shooting teargas into the group. As a consequence of the attack, three persons were seriously wounded: Juana Montoya, 90 years old; Maria Clementina Torres; and a baby only a few months old. 14 people were also detained, but most were released a short time after, leaving only Luis Patricio Manque! and Francisco Huayquillal in custody. Two others, Alvaro Curinao and Jose Rubilar Jofre are unaccounted for, and it is feared that they now count among the "disappeared." The Mapuches have been forced to struggle _ for survival and defend their ancestral rights since the military coup of 1973. Their strong resistance has prevented the government from enforcing various decrees which would divide their lands, traditionally held collectively, into individual parcels. In the last plebiscite, organized by the military government to determine whether General Pinochet should continue in power until1998, the people of Chile voted a resounding "NO", and the Mapuches participated in a march from the south of Chile to Santiago (435 miles) in the "Caravan of Happiness," organized by the opposition. NORTHERN AYMARA AND RAPA NUl MEET THE MAPUCHE From the 4th to the 6th of August, the First Encounter to draft a constitutional proposal on Indigenous peoples in C.hile was held in Te~~co. The meeting was organiZed by the Comnusswn on Human Rights of the 9th Region, and included the participation of representatives of the Mapuche, northern Aymara, and the Council. ~f Chiefs of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Also partiCIpating were non-Indigenous organizations and the Bishop of Temuco. . The representatives discussed four maJOr problems facing the region: 1. water shortages in the land of the northern Aymara, due to the new Water Code passed by mining companies in 1981; . 2. lack of recognition of Easter Island. ternl?ries, which the Chilean government dauned m 1933 arguing that these lands "didn't have o~ers:' Currently, the Rapa Nui Chiefs' ~ounc~ are claiming their territory through the ISlands judicial system; 3. the serious problem of the ~apuche, ~7 to the division of nearly all of therr communities, through Decree 2568 of 1979; 4. the lack of respect for the land rights of the Huilliche Mapuche people, which ~ere recognized by the Chilean government m the last century. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4, Nos. 2&amp;3 (Fall 1988 &amp; Winter 1989) Zotero Volume 4 Language English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche Communities Under Military Attack (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1988 & Winter 1989 Zotero Title Mapuche Communities Under Military Attack (Chile) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 4, nos. 2 &3 (17).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 2 & 3 Language English Volume 4 Pages 17 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/4ba5c63033d465b412790b73f30cd15a.pdf aaeba7d2bc5e7cf53129ac2943558669 PDF Text Text Spaniards, and contemporary problems, like lack of land, flight to cities, lack of money, loss of culture. This theater group travels to different communities to present their plays, which is one reason they are written in Mapudugun. The second reason is that it has forced the actors to practice, and some even learn, their native language. It is a way for Mapuche people living in urban areas to maintain their culture. The plays were all very moving. Also in Temuco I was invited to visit the Centros Culturales, another Mapuche organization. Their main work at present is in the traditional communities, where 550,000 Mapuche live. Centros Culturales works in agriculture and animal health and sets up community stores. I also visited the Centro Cultural in Santiago, Folil-Che Aflaiai [Eternal Indigenous People]. Sofia Painiqueo, who toured the United States last spring and was sponsored in the Bay Area by SAIIC, is active in their organization. Like many urban Indian centers in the United States, Folil-Che Aflaiai works to maintain Mapuche traditions and community strength for those living in the city. They have classes in Mapudugun, music, weaving, pottery, and other traditional skills. They also have a community garden and publish a bilingual newsletter. The Mapuche are suffering greatly from the current economic situation. Their lands are being divided rapidly and they often don't have enough left to plant for their own consumption. I heard numerous accounts of Mapuche people cutting down trees and making charcoal, putting it in bags on ox carts and traveling for days to sell it in Temuco. There they made enough to buy flour and maybe sugar and traveled for days to return home again. The people who gather cochayuyo, a seaweed, dry it and also pack it on ox carts to sell it under similar conditions. In the communities people told me that they earned as much selling a whole cow as they were charged for a couple of pounds of beef. Mapuche lands, or the lands they have been pushed back to, are not good for agriculture. They are TA1W. MNUCil coastal, hilly and have poor soil. Mapuches have no ADMAN access to fertilizers, and they have so little land that ~ they do not let it rest. Cattle also wear it down tremendously. Wheat, the main crop, is small and sparse. Mapuche families end up buying flour to end the year. Jlil;ll Die., mm:o CICLO DE TEATRO -MAP.UCHE ~WJS. 2.0~ Mapuche Document On New Constitution AD-Mapu has announced that it will soon present a document stating indigenous concerns to be included in the future constitution of Chile. The document will explain the characteristics of the Mapuche and the treatment they expect from Chilean society as a whole. AD-Mapu added that the Mapuche people have a big challenge to face in the future democracy of Chile. According to Jose Santos Millao, president of AD-Mapu, "Chilean society can no longer ignore us or set aside our culture. This document will be written by the Mapuches, since we're the ones it will affect." This statement was made at the inauguration of summer volunteer jobs in southern Chile for over 1,000 university students. Vol. 2, no. 3. Spring, 1986. Published quarterly by SAIIC © 1986 Page 12 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 3 (Spring 1986) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche Document on New Constitution (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1986 Zotero Title Mapuche Document on New Constitution (Chile) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 2, no. 3 (12).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 3 Language English Pages 12 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 2 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/565cc80d001602d7a9b72e1b2288d927.pdf 7ebf33a6797a8926e6930c81337b6642 PDF Text Text IN unsafe to eat. In addition. the construction would diven tributaries from the Moisle river, reducing Oows by up to 42% of one oft he world's most important salmon rivers. This could further endanger the Atlantic salmon. Reportedly. one million cubic meters of forest would also be clearcut for the reservoir and access roads. Quebec hopes to sell power generated b)• the projects to utilities in the nonheastem US. B RI EF the rights of the Indigenous communities precede scientific interest in these remains. lnacayallived his last days in the capital city, where he was brought with his family by the researcher Francisco Moreno to live on his esl3.te of•Pase:o del Bosque' . On September 24. 1888 the chief died of sadness. Coalition Pour Nitassirum, 182 de l'Eglise, Mani-Utenam, QC, Canada C4R4K2, Tel: 418-927-2102 Continental Indigenous Foundation Formed Mapuche Exert Rights over Cultural Heritage Indigenous leaders from throughout the continent came to Oakland, California on April 16 for the founding meeting of the first foundation formed and led by lndJgenous people from South and Central America. SAIIC hosted this meeting fort he Abya Yala Fund during which the various leaders decided the foundation's strategies and goals. The foundation aims to fund projects developed by lndig- On Febn•ary 20. remains of human skeletOns, pieces of Valdivian St)•le ceramics. and a stone pipe were discovered at a construction site in the city of San Martin de Los Andes, Argentina. Representatives of the three Mapuche communities in the region. the Curruhuinca. Vera, and Cayun, demanded immediate return of the ani facts. stating, •we cannot accept any manipulation of these remains be it for scientific or other reasons. There is no doubt that these remains we re found on ancestral Mapuche territory where our ancestors rest and this is S3cred to us! The three communities. members of the Mapuche Organization ofTain Kine Getuam held a series of public demonstrations and meetings with municipal authorities, from which they ob· tained a promise that the artifacts would be retumed to their "rightful heirs". The Mapuche remain concerned that this commitment " "" be kept. The discovery. also brought to light the lack of legislation for protection of such artifacts. The Mapuche enouscommunities in South and Central America and Mexico. Areas of interest will be territory. environment, training. selfdevelopment. women's issues. health, education. organizing. scholarships. and exchanges between Indigenous peoples. Another of the foundation's goals will be to support training in international communication. for example the improvement of communities' access to other foundations. The Abya Yala Fund also plans administrative training and assistance in elaboration of grant propos.1ls. The meeting participants noted that it is time that the Indigenous communities have direct access to foundations and other fonns of financial and technical support for their development effonsaimed at improving living conditions. In addition they observed that hundreds or non-indigenous intermediary groups have been receiving funds to work with representatives noted that protection oftheircultural heritage was indigenous people or in the name of indigenous people, and the 'most fundamental human right' of their people. that many of these fund have been wasted in administration. Intermediaries have at tirncs also imposed their political conditions on Indigenous connnunities. or have not been responsive to the communities' own interests. First Restitution of Indigenous Remains in Argentina One hundred and six years after his death, the remains of the 19th century hero of Indian resistance. Cacique lnacayal. will be moved from the Museum of La Plata in the province of Buenos Aires, to the community ofTecka in Chubut . This is the first such restitution in Argentina. which recognizes that Voi.8No.l &2 The Ab)'ll Yala Fund currently has an office in Oakland, Californ~1. and aims to fom1 regional offices in Central and South America. The fund is sponsored by the Tides Foundation until it obtains legal status. Donations are ta.' deductible. and computers. fax machines, printers and other office equipment are greatly needed. Abya Yala Fund c/o Tides Foundation 1388 Sutter St, 19th Floor, San Francisco. CA 94109. 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, nos. 1 &amp; 2 (Summer 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche Exert Rights over Cultural Heritage Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SAIIC Board of Directors Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Mapuche Exert Rights over Cultural Heritage Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 1&2 Pages 5 Publication Title Abya Yala News Date Summer 1994 Language English Abstract Note Mapuche fight to protect their cultural heritage when artifacts were found in San Martin de los Andes, Argentina. Attachment Title abya yala p5.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Cultural Heritage Sacred Artifacts San Martin de los Andes https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/3e679cb333e68762012887a05e72fa55.pdf 291b517c9fb543b637626316430c81cd PDF Text Text apuche G ps Define Goals During the first week of June a significant gathering of the three major Mapuche organizations, Centros Culturales Mapuches, AD-Mapu, and Nehuen Mapu, resulted in a clear set of jointly defined goals: 1. All Mapuche demands for the coming democracy in Chile shall be presented through the Assembly of Civil Organizations, the nationwide coalition of non-governmental organizations working for a democratic Chile. 2. The formation of a tripartite commission to formulate a document to unite the Mapuche people into one organization that carries forward their struggles and goals. The groups also agreed to the following proposals to the Assembly of Civil Organizations: 1. The immediate repeal of Laws 2568 and 2750, which eliminate communal land holdings of Indian people, and a return to Law 17,729, which supported the gains in landholding made before the military coup of 1973. 2. The reinstatement of all lands taken from Indian communities under Law 2568. 3. The reestablishment of the Indian Institute under Indian control. 4. The establishment of a new constitution giving rights of self-determination to Mapuche people. Legislation to conserve Mapuche land and natural resources. Recognition by all sectors of Chilean society of traditional Mapuche forms of sotial organization and authority structure. Guarantee of the rights of pol1 itical participation in national affairs. Assault On Huilliche Described Carlos Orlando Lincomfm is a member of the Butahuillimapu, the central council which represents 137 organized communities of Huilliche people between Valdivia and Chiloe in southern Chile, and cacique (chief) of the province. In an article in Fortin Mapocho dated June 9, 1986, he states, "After the coup [in 1973] they destroyed the Indian communal laws. They divided our land, trying to do away with our organizations. They told us we would each be landowners. But individualism is alien to the Huilliches." Carlos says that Achala Island, which once belonged to Juan Bautista Inaicheo, another cacique and a relative of Carlos, now belongs to a hotel owner from Quell6n. "Nobody knows how he got a title of ownership." He adds, "The beaches that once were ours have been turned over to individuals. We (l.ren't allowed to gather shellfish or raise fish in the carrols." Carlos also talked about the company which is building roads in the area. They take down the Huilliches' fences and the animals roam away. Then the police come and give the Huilliches tickets for not keeping their animals fenced in. "One day I complained to the engineer. He told me he had expropriation orders. But later I found out that this wasn't true." For the Huilliches, the destruction of fences is a part of life. "I don't think that any future government will return our lands. The current policies are stacked against us. We had an opportunity with the Allende government, but then the coup came and nothing was left." Vol. 2, no. 4. Summer, 1986. Page 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 2, No. 4 (Summer 1986) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche Groups Define Common Goals (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1986 Zotero Title Mapuche Groups Define Common Goals (Chile) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 2, no. 4 (5).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Volume 2 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Language English Abstract Note In June of 1986, three major Mapuche organizations, including Centros Culturales Mapuches, AD-Mapu, and Nehuen Mapu, gathered and compiled a list of goals. Pages 5 AD-Mapu Centros Culturales Mapuches Chile Mapuche Nehuen Mapu Summer 1986 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/ecaef52c5022fc78f691017e2c478f26 cb3f86e1c68aab2895bc00afd2d5a7a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, no. 4 (18-19).pdf PDF Text Text I nTHERE WILL NOT BE ENOUGH ALL OF THE MAPUCHE" Aucan Huilcaman Paillama was provisionally released on August 10, 1992 after spending 53 days in jail for leading a campaign of Mapuche land recovery. Aucan Huilcaman, a Mapuche Werken (messenger) of the organization Auldn Wallmapu N gulam, or Council ofA11Lands,basedinTemuco,wasoneofll6Mapuche who were arrested between June 17 and 26, 1992 in a wave of government repression which involved beatings and several serious injuries. Most of the Mapuche were released soon after the arrests, but Aucan Huilcaman was held for nearly two months, at times incommunicado, because he was a vocal spokesman for Mapuche land rights. The government plans to prosecute members of the Council of all LandsandhasissuedarrestwarrantsforseveralMapuche leaders. ! ' I "If the government attempts to prosecute all of the Mapuche from the Council of All Lands who participated in the land-recovery actions, it will need to begin by building largerjails," saidPabloHenteleo, the werken (spokesperson) of the Huenteche (plains people) community ofQuilaco, near Nueva Imperial, 55 km west of Temuco in southern Chile. Huentleo said that about 300 Mapuche communities of the Ninth and Tenth regions belong to the Council of All Lands, and participated in the process of land recovery which took place in June in eight locations within Araucania and in Choshuenco, the Lake Region. For the Council of All Lands, the actions of landrecovery in the Andean foothills has meant over 100 police arrests during the land occupations, and about thirty charges of "illegal entry onto private property". The visiting Minister, Antonio Castro Gutierrez, who was designated by the Chilean government to 18 "investigate and create sanctions against the activities of the Council", has advised that charges be pressed for "usurpation of property" and "illicit association". The actions of Minister Antonio Castro are certain to please the Minister of the Interior, Enrique Krauss, who as soon as the land-recoveries began hastened to insult not only the members of the Council of All Lands, but all Mapuche people, by stating: "We will not appeal to the Law oflnternal Security of the State, but instead to the Penal Code, because that is what befits common delinquents." The Council of All Lands is in danger of being dissolvedifitisdesignatedas"illicit". Thebreak-inand burglarizing of its offices, on the 27th of June, was only the last of a long list of hostile measures it has met with. "They took away a large number of documents, but fortunately we had taken some precautions with the photographs and had previously taken them to a safe place," stated Elisa Loncon, a leader of the Council. When the conflict began, Minister Krauss advised the landowners to take part in the case against the Council for "usurpation of lands", and suggested that they bring lawsuits as well. In tum, the visiting Minister decreed, as one of the first measures taken, a blanket of secrecy on the judicial progress of the case. The suggestion made by Krauss was not taken up, for example, by Carlos Hettich Arriagada, a landowner and candidate for councilman in Cuneo, 60 kilometers from Temuco. Arriagada was one of the few landowners willing to return some land to its original owners. He ceded, with no major objections, some hectares to the Mapuche community of Quinenchique. However, twoweeks later, he presented the visiting Minister with a complaint of "usurpation of property". Minister SAIIC Newsletter �I Castro did not delay in ordering the arrest of three Mapuche women who had participated in the occupation of Hettich's claim. The Mapuche who are charged with "usurpation of property" face monetary fmes. And if they are unable to pay them, they also face jail terms. "We don't know what the Minister will decide," explained Fernando Perez, of the Nagche (lowlands people) community of Aguas Buenas, near Galvarino, 50 kilometers northwest ofTemuco. Perez spent five days in the Lautaro jail for participating in the occupation of the predio of landowner Emilio Reidel in the end of June. Perez tells that in his area there are 15 Mapuche communitieswithabout2,100families. 'Thepeopledo not have lands to cultivate. Each family has about half a hectare, at most 4 or 5 hectares. We live in great poverty, and if the judicial system condemns us to payingfines, wewillsimplynotbeabletopaythem. We will have to go to jail, because we have no funds," he stated. However, he added, "We have been very clear and responsible about what we are doing. As Mapuche, we will have to rise to the accusations that have been made against us, and the sentences that they impose. Our people will only experience democracy when we have recovered our lands. As it stands, we have only made use of our rights as a people, which the Chilean state has never wanted to nor wants to recognize." Meanwhile, the administrator of the Ninth Region, FemandoChuecasMunoz,aChristianDemocrat, threatened anyone who supports the Council of All Lands in Temuco. "I am going to create my own tribunal to judge AucanHuilcaman," he announced. Chuecas' threat had a double effect It further worsened the negative perception of him held by Mapuche organizations, and it caused them to close ranks and rally behind the demands of the Council. "We do not share in the actions of the Council of All Lands, because we consider the means of land recovery inadequate, and in the present time, inopportune," stated leaders of some Mapuche organizations which collaborate with the government-led Special Commission on Indigenous Peoples (CEPI). But they emphasize that "the government has handled the indigenous problem very badly." Elisa Lancon, spealcing for the Council, gave an evaluation of the land reclamation actions and the judicial process: "The land-recovery actions were largely symbolic, in order to again bring the land problem to the Vol 6 Num 4 forefront But they were also intended to insist once again on the need to recover our rights as a people. If no headway is made on these two issues, the government is failing to keep its own commitment to respect and promote the rights of the native peoples. The government has so far ignored the fundamental issue: our demand for our lands. It has minimized the conflict and has reduced it to a mere problem of illegality and even of delinquency, which is unacceptable to us. It is another sign of the culture of domination which pervades Chile." The leader of the "Pascual Colicheo" community in Carahue, 50 kilometers from Temuco towards the coast, was detained on the day of municipal elections, hours after having participated in a land-recovery action. His vision follows: "We need greater understanding on the part of Chilean society, and we need land in order to ensure the historical continuity of our people. All of our culture, our language, and our identity is directly linked with the Earth. Our lovefortheEarthcomesfrom the fact that we descend from Her. If we lose the land, we lose our language, and we shall slowly disappear as well." Mapuche Indian. Photo SAIIC Please send letters of protest to: Sr. Enrique Krauss, Ministro de Interior, Casa de Ia Moneda, Santiago, Chile; Fax. (56) (2) 696 8740 Sr. Fernando Chuecas, Intendente de Temuco, Temuco, Chile; Fax (56) (45) 21 30 64 For more information contact SAIIC or Aukin Wallmapu Ngulam, Casilla 448, Temuco, Chile; Phone (56) (45) 23 45 42, Fax (56) (45) 21 30 64 Source: SAIIC and Semenario Aqui, Bolivia 19 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 4 (Fall 1992) (English) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche Take Land Recovery Actions (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Mapuche Take Land Recovery Actions (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, no. 4 (18-19).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/73f1365cb9ef2a16f3347267e13122ee.pdf 7528ba0853b354de5fb530db93cb8056 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf PDF Text Text Chile I The Mapuche Nation of Chile has launched a campaign to draw international attention to the plight of over one million Indians threatened with forced eviction from their ancestrnlland. "What we are asking is that the Chilean authorities leave our people alone," Reynaldo Mariqueo of the Mapuche Committee in Europe said. This message was also communicated to Chilean AmbassadorGermanRiesco Zafiartu in a letter addressed to Chilean President Patricio Aylwin. The Committee, representing the Mapuche-Pehuenche, said they launched the campaign to confront the "unofficial state of siege" declared recently in Indian territory in Chile. Mariqueo said: ''The government has sent in a police contingent of approximately 400 men, military vehicles, police vans, mounted police and helicopters, and (taken) other measures to prevent a possible uprising in the Andes mountains and take the land." Thecommunity,situatedin theQuinquen district of Cautfn province, survived mainly on the pehuen tree, harvesting the pine nuts for food and selling or exchanging the surplus for other essential goods. But the Indians were unaware that as far back as 1918 their land had been sold by the Chilean state to privateOWI!ElS (rm-~)who then resold it for a profit In 1987, Pinochet's government issued a decree that allowed timber industries to override an earlierforestprotectionlaw. When thepresentgovernmentcametopower,another law was passed to protect the forests, which meant the owners now wished to sell the land that they could no longer exploit But in June 1990, the land owners filed a case at the supreme court asking the Indians to leave to facilitate the selling of the land. "The present situation is desperate. Until now the strength of opposition from Mapuche organisations has delayed the eviction proVol 6 Num 3 press for autonomy and self-determination for cess," Mariqueo said: our people." Orders to proceed with the operation, he Source: International Press Service said, have now been given and will be carried out by Gen. Osvaldo Munoz Sanhueza, who was active in the Pinochet dictatorship. The objective, Mariqueo said, is to transfer the people together with their personal belongThe people living in the tip of ings and animals to a designated area away from the community, while their homes will be destroyed. Mariqueo quoted Sanhueza as saying that military units from three provinces had been mobilized, and a base camp had been set up to supervise the takeover and provide logistic support The Mapuches, living in the Andes mountains,are the original inhabitants of what is now Argentina and Chile. During the Spanish conquest, the Mapuches signed a treaty to defme the borders of their territory, which was honored by Spain. The treaty was also acknowledged by Argentina and Chile when they gained independence. They signed several more agreements with theMapuches but which they later broke. "Our major objective is to continue with the campaign until justice is served toourpeople,'' Mariqueo said. "if we don't campaign, the atrocities will continue. Our ultimate aim is to Tierra del Fuego are living under the ozone hole, which scientists have recenrly found to be growing much faster than anticipated. It is now four times larger than the United States and from late August until early December is direcrly over the high mountain homeland of the Mapuche. Walter Ulloo, a 28-year-old farmhand found that his arms burned "like boiling water" and his eyes became swollen, irritated and clouded over after working high mountain pastures. His left eye is now completely blind. After examining him, Chilean doctors said that he was probably exposed to excessive uhraviolet-B radiation. They prescribed UV-resistant sunglasses, which Ulloa can't afford. Chilean scientists estimate that levels of the carcinogenic ultravioletB radiation jumped more than 1,000 percent in Punta Arenas, the largest town located under the ozone hole. Huge increases in skin cancer, and sheep, fish and rabbit blindness are being reported in the area. Despite this starriing evidence, there is very little research being done in the area. The Universily of Chile was unable to raise the $11,000 for a spectral radiometer to measure radiation levels and because ohhis a planned three-year study fell through. t.....---------------...11 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuche: Protest Forced Eviction (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Mapuche: Protest Forced Eviction (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5e7c30a52c15bb5e8c79dfd4db796c10 42930f3a9afac1c4b99151eda70c76b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 8 No. 4 (25).pdf PDF Text Text INTERNACIONAL 1 os 1 ne os . rc1 Alertamos a los indígenas de América que los acuerdos económicos multilaterales que que han sido adoptados por los gobiernos de América Latina comprometen el futuro del continente en el cual los pueblos indígenas somos una realidad con legitimidad histórica sobre los territorios en los cuales los Estados-gobiernos han sido establecidos. -Consejo de todas las Tierras, Declaración de Temuco, diciembre 2 de 1994 urante la Cumbre de las Américas el presidente Clinton anunció el futuro ingreso de Chile al Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC), sin embargo, en la misma cumbre dos indígenas mapuches: Aucán Huilcamán y José Naín, representantes del Consejo de Todas las Tierras, presentaron una declaración formal denunciando la ilegitimidad de un acuerdo multilateral aprobado únicamente por un Estado que no tiene autoridad sobre su pueblo. Ellos representan a cientos de miles de Mapuches que temen que el TLC incremente la explotación de sus territorios y la violación de los derechos humanos. Temen que todos los pueblos indígenas de América sufrirán las consecuencias de una liberalización no regulada del comercio y señalan que el TLC se firmó sin tener en cuenta a los pueblos indígenas. Los dos indígenas mapuches asistieron a la Cumbre porque consideran que las decisiones que se han adoptado tendrán repercusión directa sobre los pueblos indígenas. "Se dice que la guerra fría ha terminado -afirmó Huilcamánpero esta guerra de competencia económica es más peligrosa, es más efectiva, es más dañina, es más desarticulante. Con esto nos quieren mostrar que es posible establecer una relación con los pueblos y los estados en donde todos supuestamente seriamos beneficiados. En chile hay 12 millones de habitantes, 4 millones son pobres, reconocidos por el mismo gobierno. Un millón son mapuches. A largo plazo, los más afectados con el Tratado en Chile, como en toda América, serán los pueblos indígenas. En este sentido nos preocupa el futuro del contiVol. 8 No. 4 nente. Nos damos cuenta de que no hay información, no hay comprensión sobre las implicaciones de estos acuerdos multilaterales. Hoy por ejemplo se están patentando los alimentos, pero además se están patentando los conocimientos indígenas e inclusive los genes humanos. Cuando se pierda el control habrá una catástrofe mundial." "Participamos en la Cumbre -afirmó Huilcamán- para dar a conocer nuestra existencia física y cultural aún cuando los Estados y en particular el Estado chileno diga que allí sólo existen chilenos. Nosotros demostramos que en Chile existe otra realidad aparte de la uniformidad que el Estado pretende imponer. Los mapuches somos 1'000.000 de personas y nos quedan sólo 250.000 hectáreas de tierra. Es claro que no tendremos futuro cultural indígena en nuestro territorio bajo estas circunstancias. Es fundamental recuperar nuestra tierra porque necesitamos preservar allí nuestra cultura. A pesar de la represión hemos recuperado 1.500 hectáreas a pesar de que en Chile no existe un metro de tierra que no tenga propietarios legales, por lo tanto nuestra lucha es diferente a la de otros pueblos de América". Los indígenas llevaron a la Cumbre una Declaración en la que afirman la legitimidad que los Estados tienen para reunirse pero no para tomar decisiones que afecten a los pueblos indígenas. "Los pueblos indígenas somos una realidad, somos previos a los Estados, previos a los gobiernos que hoy día toman las decisiones por nosotros y por el continente." Esta Declaración fue el resultado de una conferencia realizada en noviembre en Temuco. "En esta declaración fijamos una posición política ante NAFTA. En enero realizaremos otra reunión para elaborar un conjunto de propuestas tendientes a garantizar los derechos de los indígenas. Para ello estamos realizando una serie de discusiones porque queremos que todo plan, programa o proyecto, derivado del Tratado de Libre Comercio y que sea aplicado en el territorio mapuche cuente con nuestro pleno conocimiento. Pero además, queremos que se garanticen nuestros derechos. Esto puede causar conflicto con el Estado y por supuesto las comunidades se van a defender y en ese conflicto se pueden dar situaciones que no podemos prever. Aquí nuevamente se da la contradicción entre la legitimidad histórica de los pueblos indígenas sobre las tierras, territorios y recursos naturales y la legalidad jurídica de los Estados que es una invención, una ficción." En la Cumbre se creó un plan de acción con el objetivo de revisar y mejorar las leyes que protegen los derechos de las minorías y de los pueblos indígenas, pero según Huilcamán y Naín esto es "sólo una forma de hacer creer a la opinión pública internacional que los Estados van a respetar nuestros derechos." En la declaración los mapuches exigieron a los Estados-gobiernos de América latina "que cuando tomen decisiones y establezcan acuerdos económicos y políticos deben reconocer y tomar en cuenta que los pueblos indígenas no sólo somos una realidad sino que nuestra existencia y conformación sociocultural fue previa a estos mismos Estados, mientras al mismo tiempo, estos acuerdos son extranjeros, unilaterales y se han hecho sin nuestro consentimiento." 25 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, No. 4 (Invierno 1994) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuches en la Cumbre de las Americas: "Nos Oponemos al Tratado de Libre Comercio" Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Mapuches en la Cumbre de las Americas: "Nos Oponemos al Tratado de Libre Comercio" Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Volume 8 No. 4 (25).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 4 Language Spanish Publication Title Noticias de Abya Yala Volume 8 Abstract Note After the announcement of Chile's entry into the North American Free Trade Agreement, indigenous groups speak out against the potential economic and territorial consequences of the agreement for indigenous communities. Pages 25 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5a37ab14458dde5967625de4b7727080.pdf 7528ba0853b354de5fb530db93cb8056 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf PDF Text Text Chile I The Mapuche Nation of Chile has launched a campaign to draw international attention to the plight of over one million Indians threatened with forced eviction from their ancestrnlland. "What we are asking is that the Chilean authorities leave our people alone," Reynaldo Mariqueo of the Mapuche Committee in Europe said. This message was also communicated to Chilean AmbassadorGermanRiesco Zafiartu in a letter addressed to Chilean President Patricio Aylwin. The Committee, representing the Mapuche-Pehuenche, said they launched the campaign to confront the "unofficial state of siege" declared recently in Indian territory in Chile. Mariqueo said: ''The government has sent in a police contingent of approximately 400 men, military vehicles, police vans, mounted police and helicopters, and (taken) other measures to prevent a possible uprising in the Andes mountains and take the land." Thecommunity,situatedin theQuinquen district of Cautfn province, survived mainly on the pehuen tree, harvesting the pine nuts for food and selling or exchanging the surplus for other essential goods. But the Indians were unaware that as far back as 1918 their land had been sold by the Chilean state to privateOWI!ElS (rm-~)who then resold it for a profit In 1987, Pinochet's government issued a decree that allowed timber industries to override an earlierforestprotectionlaw. When thepresentgovernmentcametopower,another law was passed to protect the forests, which meant the owners now wished to sell the land that they could no longer exploit But in June 1990, the land owners filed a case at the supreme court asking the Indians to leave to facilitate the selling of the land. "The present situation is desperate. Until now the strength of opposition from Mapuche organisations has delayed the eviction proVol 6 Num 3 press for autonomy and self-determination for cess," Mariqueo said: our people." Orders to proceed with the operation, he Source: International Press Service said, have now been given and will be carried out by Gen. Osvaldo Munoz Sanhueza, who was active in the Pinochet dictatorship. The objective, Mariqueo said, is to transfer the people together with their personal belongThe people living in the tip of ings and animals to a designated area away from the community, while their homes will be destroyed. Mariqueo quoted Sanhueza as saying that military units from three provinces had been mobilized, and a base camp had been set up to supervise the takeover and provide logistic support The Mapuches, living in the Andes mountains,are the original inhabitants of what is now Argentina and Chile. During the Spanish conquest, the Mapuches signed a treaty to defme the borders of their territory, which was honored by Spain. The treaty was also acknowledged by Argentina and Chile when they gained independence. They signed several more agreements with theMapuches but which they later broke. "Our major objective is to continue with the campaign until justice is served toourpeople,'' Mariqueo said. "if we don't campaign, the atrocities will continue. Our ultimate aim is to Tierra del Fuego are living under the ozone hole, which scientists have recenrly found to be growing much faster than anticipated. It is now four times larger than the United States and from late August until early December is direcrly over the high mountain homeland of the Mapuche. Walter Ulloo, a 28-year-old farmhand found that his arms burned "like boiling water" and his eyes became swollen, irritated and clouded over after working high mountain pastures. His left eye is now completely blind. After examining him, Chilean doctors said that he was probably exposed to excessive uhraviolet-B radiation. They prescribed UV-resistant sunglasses, which Ulloa can't afford. Chilean scientists estimate that levels of the carcinogenic ultravioletB radiation jumped more than 1,000 percent in Punta Arenas, the largest town located under the ozone hole. Huge increases in skin cancer, and sheep, fish and rabbit blindness are being reported in the area. Despite this starriing evidence, there is very little research being done in the area. The Universily of Chile was unable to raise the $11,000 for a spectral radiometer to measure radiation levels and because ohhis a planned three-year study fell through. t.....---------------...11 17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuches Living Under the Ozone Hole (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Zotero Title Mapuches Living Under the Ozone Hole (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (17).pdf https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/6f579246ad831d31d5c1a2749b75731a.pdf fbcc4d94e5f136b323280fb779550816 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 3, No. 3 (7-8).pdf PDF Text Text CHILE apuches Present Views to Pope 'We, the Mapuches, want to make our own present and future history. We do not want to fight or to be fought. We want understanding, and along with it peace, justice, liberty and adequate lands for development in our own style, culture, and capacity." These words are part of a letter presented to Pope John Paul II at Pampa Ganaderos during his recent visit to Chile. The letter also says that, "Five hundred and fifty years ago, our people lived on this land which nourished us both physically and spiritually. We were defeated militarily and placed on small reservations where the land is poor. Because of this we have had to change certain aspects of our culture and our social and economic systems. Forms and styles have changed with time, but our situation as a segregated ethnic minority has been constant and becomes more intense. "Pefii [Brother] John Paul, we are not even considered a people. The laws and the constitution of the Republic of Chile do not recognize our existence." The letter explains that although the Mapuche are a people, "legally we do not exist in this society." 'We, the Mapuches, want you to know that we are a very religious people, that we have deep faith. Our god Ngenechen Kimnei knows this. We trust that you understand and support us, but we need you to listen to our cry and pray to your god, Jesus Christ, to intervene before those who do not want to listen to our problems." The Mapuche want "respect . for our traditions. We want to continue celebrating our religious ceremonies, our Nguillatunes, and speaking our language, Mapuduglin. Through it, we transmit to our children our values, habits, and customs. To not speak . our language would be like not breathing, not living." In Pampa Ganaderos, where the Pope made a public appearance and mingled with people of the .Temuco area, a large rehue (Mapuche altar) was built. The Mapu~hes who carved it and the machi (spiritual leader) who blessed it hope that it will later be put in a central location in Temuco to remind everyone of the Pope's encounter with Mapuche people. In another letter to Pope John Paul II, the Mapuche organization Nehuen Mapu asks support in their struggle for restoration of Mapuche land, recognition of the land titles granted by Spain centuries ago, programs of bilingual education and technical assistance, loans for agricultural development, and political autonomy. Mapuches Occupy In A farm of 380 hectares was occupied by two Mapuche communities comprising 160 people in Puren on April 5, 1987. The Mapuches said that the act is "part of a movement which intends to recover the land that legitimately belongs to us because it belonged to our ancestors. Our current conditions force us to find a way to survive." The farm was occupied by members of the Loncoyan Grande and Pichihueico communities, who say they are heirs.of Cacique Jose Manuel Catrileo Inal1 who had legal authority over the land. Members of the Mapuche organization AD-Mapu, who helped organize the takeover, said, 'We offer our support and $Olidarity as we feel this is a just struggle to recover land legitimately theirs and necessary for their survival.ff AD-Mapu also noted that the presence of elders, children, and animals of the communities demonstrates how desperate their situation is and how inadequately the national economy serves their needs. Vol. 3, No.3. Summer, 1987 uren Page7 �The Mapuches were removed on the evening of April 8 by Arigol police led by the governor of Malleco province. The removal was not as violent as the previous year, when some of the same people occupied the farm and four Mapuches received gunshot wounds. Other events involving AD-Mapu include the convening of its Fifth Assembly April13-16 in the headquarters of the Catholic bishop of Temuco. In Santiago, the capital, AD-Mapu recently held a press conference at the office of the Chilean Commission for Human Rights to denounce a summons issued by the Ministry of the Interior as '"unjust and immoral political persecution." "While there is one Mapuche left in Chile, he will defend his people so as to fulfill the ideals of justice and liberty." -Antupillan, in 1641 BRAZIL Struggle For Indian Rights In New Constitution The Union of Indian Nations (UNI) is facing a critical period as Brazil's new constitution is being written without the participation of official Indian representatives. UNI and many national and international groups are watching the process closely and pressuring the constitutional assembly to guarantee Indian rights and protect Indian land. Ailton Krenak, national coordinator of UNI, writes to SAIIC: "It is criminal what they are doing to contain the Indian population now at the end of the 20th century, especially regarding our territorial rights and the use of our resources. "The project Calha Norte, a project of the National Security Council, provides for the military occupation of the Amazon, especially in the areas of the Solimoes, Negro, and Bravo rivers. This implies the establishment of military bases and the presence of civilian workers throughout 6,000,000 square kilometers of our land. It's 40 per cent of all Indian territory and "It is very important for us to know that your organization exists there in the United States and that you make information available and encourage exchanges among Indian people of South and North America. It's very important to expand the knowledge and understanding of our peoples. Please keep us informed of the ways we can help with these goals." -Domingos Verissimo (Terena), UNI leader, in a letter to SAIIC. Page8 Vol. 3, No.3. Summer, 1987 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 3, No. 3 (Summer 1987) Zotero Language English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuches Occupy A Farm In Puren (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1987 Zotero Title Mapuches Occupy A Farm In Puren (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 3, No. 3 (7-8).pdf Issue 3 Language English Pages 7-8 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 3 Abstract Note Two Mapuche communities occupied approximately 940 acres in Puren. This land was ancestral and the groups, the Loncoyan Grande and the Pichihueico, felt that they were entitled to the land. These groups were non-violently removed by the police at the behest of the governor. 1987 Chile Loncoyan Grande Mapuche Pichihueico Puren https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/cc9950192d2e2a0c81d50f82ee974290.pdf eabfbc22b1fd715a834db1284af2abfc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 3, No. 3 (7).pdf PDF Text Text CHILE apuches Present Views to Pope 'We, the Mapuches, want to make our own present and future history. We do not want to fight or to be fought. We want understanding, and along with it peace, justice, liberty and adequate lands for development in our own style, culture, and capacity." These words are part of a letter presented to Pope John Paul II at Pampa Ganaderos during his recent visit to Chile. The letter also says that, "Five hundred and fifty years ago, our people lived on this land which nourished us both physically and spiritually. We were defeated militarily and placed on small reservations where the land is poor. Because of this we have had to change certain aspects of our culture and our social and economic systems. Forms and styles have changed with time, but our situation as a segregated ethnic minority has been constant and becomes more intense. "Pefii [Brother] John Paul, we are not even considered a people. The laws and the constitution of the Republic of Chile do not recognize our existence." The letter explains that although the Mapuche are a people, "legally we do not exist in this society." 'We, the Mapuches, want you to know that we are a very religious people, that we have deep faith. Our god Ngenechen Kimnei knows this. We trust that you understand and support us, but we need you to listen to our cry and pray to your god, Jesus Christ, to intervene before those who do not want to listen to our problems." The Mapuche want "respect . for our traditions. We want to continue celebrating our religious ceremonies, our Nguillatunes, and speaking our language, Mapuduglin. Through it, we transmit to our children our values, habits, and customs. To not speak . our language would be like not breathing, not living." In Pampa Ganaderos, where the Pope made a public appearance and mingled with people of the .Temuco area, a large rehue (Mapuche altar) was built. The Mapu~hes who carved it and the machi (spiritual leader) who blessed it hope that it will later be put in a central location in Temuco to remind everyone of the Pope's encounter with Mapuche people. In another letter to Pope John Paul II, the Mapuche organization Nehuen Mapu asks support in their struggle for restoration of Mapuche land, recognition of the land titles granted by Spain centuries ago, programs of bilingual education and technical assistance, loans for agricultural development, and political autonomy. Mapuches Occupy In A farm of 380 hectares was occupied by two Mapuche communities comprising 160 people in Puren on April 5, 1987. The Mapuches said that the act is "part of a movement which intends to recover the land that legitimately belongs to us because it belonged to our ancestors. Our current conditions force us to find a way to survive." The farm was occupied by members of the Loncoyan Grande and Pichihueico communities, who say they are heirs.of Cacique Jose Manuel Catrileo Inal1 who had legal authority over the land. Members of the Mapuche organization AD-Mapu, who helped organize the takeover, said, 'We offer our support and $Olidarity as we feel this is a just struggle to recover land legitimately theirs and necessary for their survival.ff AD-Mapu also noted that the presence of elders, children, and animals of the communities demonstrates how desperate their situation is and how inadequately the national economy serves their needs. Vol. 3, No.3. Summer, 1987 uren Page7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 3, No. 3 (Summer 1987) Zotero Language English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mapuches Present Views to Pope (Chile) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1987 Zotero Title Mapuches Present Views to Pope (Chile) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 3, No. 3 (7).pdf Issue 3 Language English Pages 7 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 3 Abstract Note This article features a letter written by the Mapuche Indians to Pope John Paul II presenting their views. Chile Mapuche Pope John Paul II https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/52a27f0cd1ce0c3a91a4414b67661c77.pdf fc81fafb32d704342c7f017279603b32 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (4-7).pdf PDF Text Text @~@ 0 @ E We come to speak in the name of all In l:he last three years l:he Ecuadorian Pastaza Province, to demand that the Indian the lives ofthe jungle, especiallyfor those government has been intensifying l:he explo- voices be heard. which are disappearing. ration and exploitation ofl:he natural resources The marchers called on the government They are the water spirits: the Yacurunas. They are the jungle spirits: the Sacharunas. They are the fertility spirits. They are the sowing spirits. They are the harvesting spirits. They are the gods of abundance. Allpamanda! Causaimanda! Jatarishum! (For land! For life! We all rise up!) - from a flyer distributed by the marchers 4 in l:heAmazonregion, especially in l:he Pastaza Province, homeland of l:he Quichua, Shiwiar and Achuar Indians. As a way to defend their territory the Indian People, led by OPlP, have been trying to persuade the government and oil companies to recognize I:ndian·territories and conduct rational exploitation of the resources in these territories. After exhausting l:he possibility of a negotiated settlement, l:he Indians felt their only recourse was to march on the capitol. ThusonApril21, 199210,000marchers arrived in Quito,ledby2,000Indiansfrom the to legally recognize their territories, andreform the National Constitution to protect the different nationalities and cultures ofEcuador. The Indians are demanding control over the largest remaining Amazon rainforest lands. Under very heavy military guard, the government ofPresidentRodrigo Borja partially met their demands by officially recognizing over two and a half million of the almost five million acres of lands they occupy. The government also called for a special session of Congress to review Indigenous Peoples' demand for constitutional reform. SAIIC Newsletter �Woman with bouquet at the march The Amazon march was coordinated by the Organization of Indigenous People of Pastaza (OPIP) as a response to nearly three years of fruitless dialogue between the government and the national Indian federations, culminating in the government's refusal to legalize the Indian territories and its acquieslcence to pressure from trans-national oil, timber, mining and tourism industries to exploit the Amazon rainforest TheQuichua, Shiwiar,ZaparoandAchuar marchers were following in the footsteps of their ancestors. Ninety years ago, led by the legendary chiefPalati, leaders of these groups marched from their communities in Pastaza to the capitol of Quito to meet with the government over the rights to the territory which they have occupied for a millennium. The leaders returned to their communities with a title to all the lands of the Pastaza Province. This title to seven-million ac1-es was buried and forgotten when the chief died. On April 23, President Borja warmly greeted and thanked the Indians for their courage and agreed to negotiate the first of their demands of the legalization of their traditional territories. Despite the warm welcome and promises, the peaceful marchers were met by a massive contingent of police and military in riot gear and army tanks. TitoMerino, the communications coordinator of OPIP commented wryly that he did not realize that Ecuador was at war. Vol 6 Num 3 One hundred of the Indian leaders were allowed to pass through the military blockade to present their demands to President Borja. Indian leaders, from Luis Macas, the President of the National Indian Confederation of Ecuador (CONAIE), to a traditional midwife urging the President to legally recognize Indian rights. The negotiations with the Indian People of Pastaza reached a deadlock over the government's refusal to legally recognize Indian territory which falls within a 25 by 120 mile swath of land along the Peruvian border. The main force blocking the legalization of these lands is the Ecuadorian Institute for Agrarian Reform and Colonization (IERAC). IERAC claims that this border area is necessary for "national security" and has re- Ecuadorian March cently begun a campaign to colonize the region under a program known as "Living bor- ders." Citing the loss of nearly half its territory to Peru this century, the Ecuadorian government claims it is encouraging development along its borders to prevent further incursions. The Indigenous Peoples of Pastaza are not asking for areas already colonized, but only land which they currently use. Close to 35 percent of the Pastaza Indian communities are located within the border region slated for colonization. They are demanding that this security zone be reduced considerably. On May 13th, the Borja administration formally handed over title to over one-half of the Indian-occupied lands. The Indians claim that all of their territory must be legalized and that these lands be contiguous so as not to separate communities of the same nation. Instead, the government is recognizing 19 separate blocks of lands as the properties of individual communities. The military charges that the Indians are attempting to divide the country by claiming their "nation-hood." CONAIE disagrees. "In noway arewecallingfordissolutionoftheEcuadorianState. We only want our country to legally ll. recognize the fact that we Ecua~ dorians are made up of different o nations and cultures," stated one '5 member of CONAIE. .c ll. The Indians suspect that oil interests are at the root of the government's reluctance to formally recognize all their territory. PetroEcuador, the pow- 5 �in a town after the march erful branch of the Ecuadorian government which oversees oil concessions to trans-national oil companies, announced the day before the marchers arrived in Quito that the US based oil company, ARCO, had discovered a huge reserve of oil within the territories being claimed by the marchers. OPIP organized the march to prevent the ecological and cultural devastation which they witnessed in the Northern and Southern Ecuadorian Amazon regions. Due mostly to oil development, Ecuador has the highest deforestation rate of any South American country. The Pastaza province contains the largest remaining pristine rainforest in Ecuador. Since Ecuador's oil boom began in the early 1970s, over twelve million acres of Amazon rainforest have been turned over to trans-national oil corporations. Millions of gallons of oil and toxic waste by-products have been spilled or dumped into the rainforest, contaminating the soil, air and water. Oil development has brought deforestation, colonization, militarization, prostitution, alcoholism, violence, poverty, malnutrition and disease to the Indigenous Peoples. ''They treat it [the Amazon] like a box full of resources," says Tito Merino on the government's attitude toward the Amazon, "They tum it upside down and shake it out and leave nothing for those who live there." "We marched along with the men to Quito to demand the recognition of our ancestral territories," said Patricia Gualinga, a Quichu women from the Sarayacu commu- 6 nity. "The women in Amazonia are fighting of Pastaza is calling on the government to together to defend our people from the oil change Article I of the Constitution to read, companies' threats to our territories. The oil ''Ecuador is a pluri-national, sovereign, indecompanies come in and they bring disruptive pendent, democratic and unified state which ideas. They are trying to change the way our recognizes, protects and respects cultural dimen act One example is that they are trying to versity." prostitute our women. So, we have to be Most South American countries have strong. Some women get pregnant This is either reformed or are in the process of revery bad for the community. The women feel forming their constitutions to recognize and protect the rights of Indigenous People. Howembarrassed, and they move to the cities." Along with their demands, OPIP pre- ever, the popular concept in Ecuador is still sented a natural resource management plan in that Indians belong to the past, part of what is which they explained their traditional, non- known as "folklore," to be commercially exdestructive use of the forest, "not only for ploited. short-term benefit, but for the benefit of the In an attempt to contrive a single and children of our grandchildren." uniform cultural identity, the government has The concept of indigenous territoriality been actively promoting the "integration" and is a fairly new one for the Ecuadorians. The "civilization" of Indian people since its foronly lands currently recognized as Indian mation in 1830. This strategy has led to the territories in the country are those occupied by social, economic, and political exclusion or the Huaorani -also located inPastaza -and exploitation of Indian people who comprise the Awa on the Colombian border. These 40-45% of the total population of Ecuador. After three weeks of camping in a public territories were legalized in the 1980s due to international pressure placed on the govern- park in Quito, the Indians left with less than ment Over the last decade, environmental they came for. They gained the titles to little and human rights activists have become in- more than one-half of the lands they use and creasingly aware that territorial rights are nec- Congress called a special session in June to essary for the survival of Indigenous Peoples review the Indians' demand for constitutional reform. Another important achievement was and for the protection of rainforests. OPIP now wants to extend these territo- winning the hearts of the Ecuadorian people. ries to include the rest of the Pastaza Indian Long thought of as "invisible savages," the lands. They claim that territorial rights are Indians are now recognized as courageous necessary in order to guarantee the survival of and articulate people. The marchers met in Puyo, the capitol of their cultures and their communities. The Organization of Indigenous People Pastaza, on April lOth, many of them having IIC Newsletter �l E F After one hundred years, the first reunion of the Mapuche nation took place in Neuquen, Argentina. Over a hundred lonkos, spiritual leaders of Nagmapu, Chile, and over 200 traditional leaders of different communities in Argentina met to analyze the situation of marginalization and oppression that the national states of Chile and Argentina are imposing on the Mapuche people. They also reaffirmed their historical rights of existence as a nation, the rights to exercise their traditional law and speak their own language, and walked and canoed there from their communities 150 miles away on the Peruvian border. Men, women and children nervously set out from Puyo on the 11th mthe pouring min, holding leaves and plastic over their heads to keep dry. When they entered a community, throngs of people met them, offering donations and support. On their fourth day out, they were greeted by musicians and a fiesta mthe Indian village of Salasaca. The community had built bamboo huts m thecenteroftown forthemarchers to rest The "Salasacas" opened all public facilities to them and greeted them with speeches of solidarity. Over one-half of the marchers' enormous needs for firewood, food, drink, blankets, clothing, shelter and medicine were met by donations from communities along their route. In a press release, the Indians stated, "Our historic walk has defmitively changed the relations between Indian people and the white/mestizo society: the demonstrations of solidarity with our objectives are a clear sign that it is possible for us to live side-by-side, respectful of unity within our diversity." Many of the marchers came down with severe colds and were treated by one of the doctors and/or shamans accompanying the march. The people of the Pastaza rainforest are accustomed to a very warm climate at near sea-level. During the march, they had to climb to altitudes of up to 14,000 feet where the nights were sometimes below freezing. In reaction to the gala jubilee celebra- Vol6 3 E p E agreed on the creation of a Mapuche flag. reunion ended with a ceremony with participation of more than a thousand people. A complete report will be published in the next SAIIC newsletter. Also for more information write to: NehuenMapu Barrio Islas Maluinas Batilana 315, Neuquen, Argentina tions being planned by governments and corporate interests throughout the Americas and Europe to mark the 500years since Columbus began the process of colonization of Indian lands, leaders of the march declared, "Now is the time for de-colonization, the time to recognize our rich cultures and build a new Ecuador." 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 6, No. 3 (Spring and Summer 1992) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource March on Quito: Amazon Indians Demand to be Heard (Ecuador) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring and Summer 1992 Zotero Title March on Quito: Amazon Indians Demand to be Heard (Ecuador) Item Type Newspaper Article Attachment Title Vol. 6, No. 3 (4-7).pdf Language English Pages 4-7 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Volume 6 Abstract Note Members of the Quichua, Shiwiar, Zaparo, and Achuar Tribes of Ecuador marched in April of 1992 to demand control of the largest remaining Amazon rainforest lands. Issue 3 1992 Achuar Amazon Rainforest Ecuador March on Quito Quichua Shiwiar Zaporo