1 12 13 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/c20a7af5babc1ff4b367b01fc8d9c5a1 d8d0ee5440d3c3d46fdde6d53396c355 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (11-12).pdf PDF Text Text El 20 de octubre un juez federal dictó una orden preliminar para expulsar a los mineros del área Yanomami. Nuevo Presidente Ordena Destruir Pistas de Clandestinas El nuevo Presidente de Brasil, Fernando Collor de Mello ordenó dinamitar las aproximadamente 100 pistas de aterrizaje ilegales utilizadas por los mineros en los territorios indios del Amazonas, en el Estado de Roraima. Durante los últimos tres años la llegada de los mineros ha causado estragos en el sistema ecológico de la selva y causado la muerte de 900 de los 9.000 Yanomamis de la zona. La introducción de mercadería manufacturada y una economía mercantil constituye una seria amenaza para la forma de vida autosuficiente de los Yanomami. Estos hechos provocaron una publicitada oposición internacional. Grupos ambientalistas solicitaron al Presidente Collor que anule los decretos que permitían la incursión de los mineros en el territorio Yanomami, pero en la últimas elecciones, el voto de los mineros de Roraima otrogó a Collor de Mello su más amplia victoria a nivel estatal. Es así que el Presidente ha declarado que se deben tomar en cuenta las demandas de los indios como asi también, las demandas de los no indios. Durante un viaje a la zona el Presidente visitó una población india en la que se ha instalado una base de la Fuerza Aérea y del Ejército Brasileño, como parte del Proyecto Calha Norte en el que se han gastado 640 millones de dólares. Estas instalaciones tienen como objetivo el de atraer colonos hacia áreas remotas y poco pobladas. Collor de Mello declaró que el Programa seguirá desarrollándose siempre y cuando se dé absoluta prioridad a los aspectos ecológicos y ambientales. Organizacion Indígena Brasileña Gana de Derechos En setiembre de este año, Ailton Krenak, Coordinador Nacional de la Unión de Naciones Indígenas de Brasil (UNI), recibió en Washington D.C. (USA), el premio Letelier-Moffitt de derechos humanos otorgado por el Instituto de Estudios Políticos. Krenak, junto con otros tres activistas del Tercer Mundo entregaron una petición, con 3 millones de firmas, a las Naciones Unidas en Nueva York, solicitando se realize una sesión de emergencia de la �Dirigente Hopi, Tomás Banyacya con Ailton Krenak quien vino a E.E. U. U. para entregar un petitorio solicitando una sesión especial de las Naciones Unidas para discutir la implementación de medidas que pongan fin a la destrucción de la Amazonía. Asamblea General para discutir acciones que se puedan llevar a cabo para poner fin a la destrucción de las selvas, además de la implementación de medidas que garantizen un uso racional de los recursos naturales, bajo la supervisión de los indígenas, habitantes originales de esos territorios. Krenak dijo "Todo lo que se ha hecho en nombre del desarrollo ha sido desastroso para la población, tanto económica y social como espiritualmente. Es necesario cuestionar esta lógica, fundamentalmente porque es una amenaza para zonas de nuestro planeta que son irreemplasables, como lo es la selva amazónica. Para nosotros los indios, el ser víctimas de este proceso de expoliación de nuestrtas riquezas naturales es como permitir que se nos extraiga nuestra propia sangre ... tenemos que pelear con coraje, con un espíritu fuerte y no permitir que esto nos consuma." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&3 (Fall 1989 & Winter 1990) (Spanish) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Organizacion Indigena Brasilena Gana un Premio de Derechos Humanos (Brasil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Setiembre 1989 - Marzo 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Organizacion Indigena Brasilena Gana un Premio de Derechos Humanos (Brasil) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2 &3 (11-12).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Language Spanish Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 11-12 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Volume 5 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Brasil Brazil Derechos Humanos Fall 1989 Human Rights Winter 1990 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/8c046faedb349eea74429f15a7c081bc 561053cec568c754968a79d891dc20c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (11).pdf PDF Text Text Hopi Leader, Tomas Banyacya with Ailton Krenak on his visit to deliver petitions calling for a special session of the UN to debate ways to halt rainforest destruction. Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award In September, Ailton Krenak, National Coordinator of Brazil's Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI), came to Washington, DC to accept the Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award of the Institute for Policy Studies on behalf of UNI. Later, Krenak joined other Third World activists in New York to deliver petitions totalling three million signatures to the United Nations, in calling for an emergency special session of the General Assembly to debate ways to halt the destruction of the rainforest and to discuss means of sustainable use Va5, Nos2&3 under the guidance of forest peoples. Krenak said, "All that has been done in the name of development has been disastrous to the majority of the people- economically, socially, and spiritually. It is necessary to question this logic, mainly as it threatens parts of our planet that are irreplaceable, such as the Amazon forest ... For us Indian people, being included in this process is like allowing a needle and tube to suck our blood as the wealth of our land is ripped off... We have to fight with courage, a strong spirit, and not let it swallow us." � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 5, Nos. 2&amp;3 (Fall 1989 &amp; Winter 1990) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Zotero Issue 2 & 3 Language English Publication Title SAIIC Volume 5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award (Brazil) Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Language A language of the resource English 2 & 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1989 & Winter 1990 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource 2 & 3 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2 & 3 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 2 & 3 Description An account of the resource 2 & 3 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 2 & 3 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2 & 3 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 2 & 3 Relation A related resource 2 & 3 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2 & 3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 2 & 3 Subject The topic of the resource 2 & 3 Zotero Title Brazilian Indian Organization Wins Human Rights Award (Brazil) 2 & 3 Item Type Newspaper Article 2 & 3 Attachment Title Vol. 5, nos. 2&3 (11).pdf 2 & 3 Attachment URL [No URL] 2 & 3 Language English Volume 5 Artist 2 & 3 Attorney Agent 2 & 3 Book Author 2 & 3 Cartographer 2 & 3 Cast Member 2 & 3 Commenter 2 & 3 Composer 2 & 3 Contributor 2 & 3 Cosponsor 2 & 3 Counsel 2 & 3 Director 2 & 3 Editor 2 & 3 Guest 2 & 3 Interviewee 2 & 3 Interviewer 2 & 3 Inventor 2 & 3 Performer 2 & 3 Podcaster 2 & 3 Presenter 2 & 3 Producer 2 & 3 Programmer 2 & 3 Recipient 2 & 3 Reviewed Author 2 & 3 Scriptwriter 2 & 3 Series Editor 2 & 3 Sponsor 2 & 3 Translator 2 & 3 Words By 2 & 3 Note 2 & 3 DOI 2 & 3 ISBN 2 & 3 ISSN 2 & 3 Access Date 2 & 3 Application Number 2 & 3 Archive 2 & 3 Archive Location 2 & 3 Artwork Medium 2 & 3 Artwork Size 2 & 3 Assignee 2 & 3 Audio File Type 2 & 3 Audio Recording Format 2 & 3 Bill Number 2 & 3 Blog Title 2 & 3 Book Title 2 & 3 Call Number 2 & 3 Case Name 2 & 3 Code 2 & 3 Code Number 2 & 3 Code Pages 2 & 3 Code Volume 2 & 3 Committee 2 & 3 Company 2 & 3 Conference Name 2 & 3 Country 2 & 3 Court 2 & 3 Date 2 & 3 Date Decided 2 & 3 Date Enacted 2 & 3 Dictionary Title 2 & 3 Distributor 2 & 3 Docket Number 2 & 3 Document Number 2 & 3 Edition 2 & 3 Encyclopedia Title 2 & 3 Episode Number 2 & 3 Extra 2 & 3 Filing Date 2 & 3 First Page 2 & 3 Forum Title 2 & 3 Genre 2 & 3 History 2 & 3 Institution 2 & 3 Interview Medium 2 & 3 Issue 2 & 3 Issue Date 2 & 3 Issuing Authority 2 & 3 Journal Abbreviation 2 & 3 Label 2 & 3 Legal Status 2 & 3 Legislative Body 2 & 3 Letter Type 2 & 3 Library Catalog 2 & 3 Manuscript Type 2 & 3 Map Type 2 & 3 Medium 2 & 3 Meeting Name 2 & 3 Name of Act 2 & 3 Network 2 & 3 Num Pages 2 & 3 Number 2 & 3 Number of Volumes 2 & 3 Pages 11 Patent Number 2 & 3 Place 2 & 3 Post Type 2 & 3 Presentation Type 2 & 3 Priority Numbers 2 & 3 Proceedings Title 2 & 3 Program Title 2 & 3 Programming Language 2 & 3 Public Law Number 2 & 3 Publication Title SAIIC Publisher 2 & 3 References 2 & 3 Report Number 2 & 3 Report Type 2 & 3 Reporter 2 & 3 Reporter Volume 2 & 3 Rights 2 & 3 Running Time 2 & 3 Scale 2 & 3 Section 2 & 3 Series 2 & 3 Series Number 2 & 3 Series Text 2 & 3 Series Title 2 & 3 Session 2 & 3 Short Title 2 & 3 Studio 2 & 3 Subject 2 & 3 System 2 & 3 Thesis Type 2 & 3 University 2 & 3 URL 2 & 3 Version 2 & 3 Video Recording Format 2 & 3 Website Title 2 & 3 Website Type 2 & 3 Abstract Note Over three million people signed a petition calling for an emergency meeting of the United Nations to debate ways to halt the destruction of the rainforests. Ailton Krenak of the UNI accepted the Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights award. Ailton Krenak Fall 1989 Human Rights Human Rights award UNI Union of Indigenous Nations Winter 1990 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/d49cae9278140ff9c726776605ae95b3.pdf 5c9220046fadbb6733e72a34ca0656e1 PDF Text Text "FOR THE RIGHTS OF THE Page MARGINAL AND OPPRESSED" 7 A new Council of Ethnic Communities "RunujelJunam" (CERJ) has been formed in Guatemala "to defend the human and cultural rights of Indigenous communities in Guatemala, so that they may keep their Identity as the original and legitimate Representatives of the Guatemalan people." In August, CERJ presented a protest to the Human Rights Commission of the National Congress, saying that those who wished to leave the "Voluntary Defense Committees" established by the military were being accused of being "Communists" and threatened. The organization also plans to work for land rights, literacy, housing, and cultural values. SOURCE : Consejo De Comunidades Etnicas, Sa. Avenida 3-13, Zona 5, Santa Cruz Quiche, Guatemala. PLANTATION WORKERS STRIKE Families of the "desaparecidos," Guatemala. ©Rick Droz ~,_/---~ On January 23, 198~ 40,000 farmworkers launched a strike against the coffee, cotton, and sugar cane plantations of the southern coast of Guatemala. The strikers, coordinated by the Committee ofFarmworker Unity (CUC), are calling for the daily wage to be raised to 10 quetzales (U.S. $3.70) per day. According to CUC, hundreds of workers have been fired for participating in the strike, and workers are being threatened and denounced as subversives by armed men in plainclothes, working for the plantation owners. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 4, Nos. 2&amp;3 (Fall 1988 &amp; Winter 1989) Zotero Volume 4 Language English Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "For the Rights of the Marginal and Oppressed" (Guatemala) Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 1988 & Winter 1989 Zotero Title "For the Rights of the Marginal and Oppressed" (Guatemala) Item Type Journal Article Attachment Title Vol. 4, nos. 2 &3 (7).pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Issue 2 & 3 Language English Volume 4 Abstract Note A new council was formed in Guatemala to protect the human and cultural rights of local Natives. Pages 7 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter Derechos Humanos Fall 1988 Guatemala Human Rights protection of human rights Winter 1989 https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/1bb2efbe8cd349e7daa403d0bf711eb5.pdf f352b0e5fe8a6d35655c754210b87d6e PDF Text Text PERSPECTIVES ON B I ODIVERSITY A ND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - - - - - - - - - - - - The Guaymi Patent One of the best known cases of attempts to patent and commer· cialize human tissue is that of a still unidentified Ngobe (or Guaymi) woman of Panama. In 1993 and 1994. this case captured not only the attention of the international community of scientists. but also that of Indigenous people world-wide. by Atenciolopez M . I n 1991 . ~ very ill 26-ye:>r old Ngobc woman sought medical treatment in a hospital in ~anama City. Doctors there diagnosed her with a fatal case of l. uktmia. This woman could not have e lmagined that the Panamanian doctors. with the complicity of US sciemists, would then remove s.1mples of her blood for experimentation and finally StOre her genetic material in biological laboratories several thousand miles away in the US. The doctors who set this in motion have refused to divulge the woman$ name. As a resuh we have been unable to locate her. nor do we know if she is Still alive. Even if she were alive. it is doubtful that she would be able to make sense of the fact that two sup· posed inventors. Michael Dale Laimore and jonathan E. Kaplan, nearly acquired monopoly rights over pan of her body, or that this action was supported by the US governments Secretary or Commerce through its branch that regulates the patenting of scientific innovations. These scientists claimed to be search· ing for dues to understand aborigina.l peoples in the Americas and to generme grea.ter understanding of HLV, the \rims thought to cause AIDS. But their actions point to different. and significantly more commercial. iotcmions. In 1993. they filed a '"high priority" palent claim. which was given the number Alcncfo Loptt is a Kuna Indian and wo,.k.s with the OpXanitation Ktmas Unidos per Napguana in Panama City. 16 U$612.707. and t itled • Human Lymphotrophic Virus Type 2 from the Guayrni Indians of Panama... According to the application it was based on the "cell line of a 26·year old Gua)'mi wom{ln who lives in Panama'". Irnernarionally. the patent request is reg· istered with the World lmelleetual Propeny Organization as number U$9108455. Not only this unidentified woman, but hundreds of Indians in Panama ,..,crt treated as guinea pigs for genetic e~per­ imemation during this ~me time peri* od. Kaplan describes the researchers visit for s.-1mple collections., "'We spent six days in Canquinlu. Some of the doc~ tors worked in the heahh ctnter a<hnini.stering medicines to the Guayrni pco* pie. while others worked with nurses interviewing the residems of the village and obtaining more blood samples."' The lndigneous community was never infonned of the intent or implications or these collections: the purpose o f the blood samples was known only tO the researchers. One witness affinns 1hm doctors of the Gorgas 'Memorial Laboratory of Panama collaborated in this research. that they used the blood samples of hundreds of Ngobe I>Cople. and that the blood samples collected in the process were subsequently sent to the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia, and tO the American Type Culture Collection in Maryland . The ostensible purpose wns to investigate the cause of a fatal form or blood cancer. as well as forms of the Human l.ymphotrophic Virus. but the patent application followed shonly thereafler. This Guaymi case was denounced in international human rights forums and before the United Nations, but received little alttlllion in P~nam.a. due in pan to a 1:-tck of familiarity with the issues. Only a small percentage of the main· stream culture understood what had taken place. Worst of all. the Panamanian government sided with the US scientists and even utilized some Indigenous organizations itl an auempt to discredit the protests. Nonetheless. the Ngobc-Bugle General Congress. the Kuna General Congress. and other Panam3nian indigenous organizations issued strong statements agains1 the patent application. Following public protests in the Geneva meeLings for the GATT in October of 199~. in Canada and the United States, as well as widespread international solidarity. the patent claim wttS withdrawn in the United Sta.tes-:lt least that is what we believe. based on a statement in the NO\'Cmber 5. 1993. issue or Science magazine. There. in sharp contradiction 10 earlier humanit:uian claims, Kaplan is quoted as s.1ying that the daim was being dropped as it "'has no comrnerci3l interest ."' These researchers shield themselves and their actions with the claim that their work is for the benefit of humani.. t)'. and that they are innocent of any ir'lcnt to harm the ln(ligenovs communities invoh·ed. Yet. it is undeniable that the rights of an Indigenous woman, as well as the rights of an cnlire community. wert violated. The national sovereignty of Panama was also violated in this pl'ocess. although the government comim,u~s to deny this. \Nhat will happen when the results of th is research are finall)' patented. or the rights are sold to a muhinational corpo* ration? Shall we always continue to be the objects of research. with no rights in the mauer? Abya Yala Ne.NS � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Guaymi Patent Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Atencio Lopez M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title The Guaymi Patent Item Type Journal Article Author Atencio Lopez M. Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 16 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Between 1993 and 1994, a group of American scientists attempted to patent and commercialize a sample of human tissue collected from an unidentified indigenous woman. Indigenous groups and international human rights forums denounced the effort and the scientists subsequently withdrew their patent claim. Attachment Title The_guaymi_patent.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Guaymi Human Rights Intellectual Property Rights Ngobe Patent Law https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/5e4bfa92a1d45d2eba6f35ce47858f9a.pdf 9da88db5d6c711b92795f4f09fb9a0c9 PDF Text Text INTERNAT I ONAL Free-determination and the States: Commentary on Barbados Ill by A ucan H uilcaman read with interest the "Declaration of Barbados Ill" reprinted in the last issue o f Abya Y News (Voi:S no.3). ala Considering the breadth of material included in the declaration. I will only comment on the portion of that docu· I ment which begins with suggestions to the governing l.1tin America.n states, the United Nations and its various specific bodies such as the OIT, UNESCO. UNDP. and FMI. Second. I also want 10 comment on the declarationS final sec· The promises which L'ltin America:S governing states have made through documents in summits such as those held in Mexico and Spain respond 10 Indigenous peoples· undeniable reality, but these resolutions are very far from being implemented in practice. In the meeting in Spain, the governments promised to establish a Development Fund for Indigenous Peoples of latin America and the Caribbean. Now, when \ Ve are in agreement in relation to Indigenous peoples petition the fund for economic assis1ance. they are told that the fund has no resources and that it is only a negotiating table between some international organizations and the identification and historical analysis of factors wh ich have made the political and cultural oppression of Indigenous peoples possible. as well as the ' "e'vs on ideological, political. religious. and eco- legitimize their actions, they have established an an oversight council with Indigenous representation. However, Indigenous delegates have to be ac redit~ tion related to the self.detemlination of Indigenous peoples and the nationally constituted states. nomic colonialism and neocolonialism. However. the declarations call to the Latin American governing states seems misplaced. The Slates are fully aware of the reality in which we Indigenous peo· pies live. Th ey know that this reality has been constructed by force and violence. The denial of our physical and cultural existence produced by the political constitutions and legal systems responds to the homogenizing nature of the govem- ing states, and is the resuh of organized political decisions. not of coincidence or circumstance. Aucan fhiilcaman is \Verken. or spohc..sperson, for the Mapuehe organitation Auhin \Vallmapu Ngulam-C<>uncll of All the Lands rn S<>ulhcm Chile. Vol. 8 No.4 Indigenous communities. In order to ted by each countrys chancellor. They this ·democratic panicipation." but il is nothing more than state colonialism under the guise of recognition and democracy. Similarly, the governing states came to a set of agreements at the Eanh Summit in Rio de janeiro in 1992. If we try to verify compliance with these agreements. we do n ot find any concrete means in the legal. political or eco· nomic arenas to ensure better adminis· tration of natural resources. It is easier to identify the thousands of hectares of land. mountains. rivers. and lakes which have been destroyed and contaminated. Un doubtedly. as it has become impossible 10 evade the Indigenous reality. the governing s.tates will make a declaration C.."lll regarding Indigenous peoples whenever they hold a continental meeting. but in no case does this imply compliance with their promises. I belie,·e that any demands or exhor· tations require precision. We Indigenous peoples are fighting for the recognition of our rights, rooted in our historical and political condition as a people. with all powers in the areas of rights, ideology. politics. and culture which this implies. such as the restilu· tion of fundamental rights and freedoms such as free·determination and the resti· nuion of ancestral lands. These condi· tions are precede any fonn of recognition. otherwise. the states will continue lO determine the framework for recogni· tion and relations between Indigenous peoples and the governing states. 1 consider out of context the cttll to the United Nations and its various spe· cial bodies. as if these were something separate from the constitution. control. and intervention of the governing states. ll is time to state what the United Nations is and what it truly represents. The United Nations does not exist; what truly exists are "Concerted States.. which are simply institutional structures whh a legal. political and ideological base and with defined interests. Taking into account that the ideological base and sustenance o£ a nation is fundamentally cultural. It is no longer possible to con· tend lhal the "states are polilically·orga· nized nations." States in America (Wallmapu in the Mapuche language) have no corresponding socio-<:ultural reality. Therefore. the United Nations 23 �t< T E R t< AT I 0 t< A L arc the s.-~mt govemmg states that have been COI\SIIUCicd wnhou1 uking into account the cultur.ll d"·ersny of the con- unent The I LO (lnternouonal Labor Orgamzauon). UN Oe\'elopment Program ond UNICEF are not independent of the United Nations or of the governing s1mcs. Thus. their actions are not :lU10ttomous. All of their plans. progmms. nnd projects require govern· mental approval. It is sufficiem that an lndagcnous organization comes into confltct wtth the stotc in the process of then struggle, for these org:mizations to hmtt the help chey gwe. Relaung to 1he declarauonS State· ment, '"\Vt btheve u necessary to appro\'e the Chaner of Indigenous Peoples Raglns promoted by the UN: it 1S wonh menuontng that af1er thineen ye01rs of dtscussaon lxtween members of the UN Workeng Group and Indigenous reprcscnt:tllv<:s. the governments are not willing to recognize fundament:tl rights such ns frec-deurminacion and the restitution of nnccstml territories. Frcedctcrmmmlon is a right prior to. or condicional for. enJoynlCnt of the ocher rights. Before demanding prompc racificauon or thiS feg.1l instrument, it is esscnual to be sufficaently informed of the fundamental nghts chac lndagenous peoples are defendmg m che '"'rious spaces 3.\"31lablt to us, as well as posi· uons t3kcn by thr states in relation to chcsc nghts. Wuhouc mcorporacing these COnditiOnS, new ronns or dominaliOn could spnng from international law, even ash IS rr:1med as the recognition of Indigenous peoples and cheir righcs. Dunng che Working Groups' fino( session (July 25-29, 1994), they did not permit rc,•lsion of the declaration. and merely received Indigenous represencatives ·comments." chereby pre,·cnung full recogmuon of che confltcl becwcen lndtgcnous righcs and che states The nghc co free-<ltcerminacion, formulated by the Indigenous peoples. shows che d"•de between the historical 24 legacimocy of lndtgenous peoples" inahenable nghts and che legaluy that sustatns che staces The lnd1genous people ma1ntam wuh all our comiction that 1hc states, do not ha,•e more nghts than we do. nor have we au1horized them to 1m·oke our exclusi"c rights, nor intervene II' OUr I)COpltS' rulUre. Since the dcclarat•on olso calls on the lntcrnmionnl Lnbor Organiza1ion (ILO) and refers to its Covcnanc 169, I have to comment that this Covenant renects the st:ue-govcmments' politics of juridiClll colonialism as well as chat of the UN'$ agenc•es. Although che Co\'eMnt rccogmzes us as peoples. it samultaneously r<J<CIS che righcs chac stem rrom thiS r«OgJ'IIliOO, SO that it remams purely symbolic. The Co"enants most SlgntfiCllnc element lies in pro'"dmg lndagenous people che right to '"consultauon and panicipauon: Howe,·er. th1s ng.ht becomes ind· recuve when we remain polhica11y o ppressed by the scates. Indigenous consent In 1his context is rel:uive. At the UN World Conference on ~Iuman Rights in june of 1993 where I served as spokesperson for che Indigenous represemauvcs. we Slated "\Vc call on the States to mufy Co"enant 169 of the ILO pro,1dtd chat the Indigenous peoples are 1n agrt-c:ment \Ve understand this 1nstrumcnc as che first step co establish new and better relauons between the stales and chc lndtgenous peoples: In rdercnce to the international development and rinnndal organizations such ns the World llMk, IMF. lnteramer•can Oe,·elopmem Bank, it should be noccd chat che developmenc chey hove imposed is unilateral, and has assaulted Indigenous cuhuml identities and the economics of reciprocity. These are the snl'nc orgnnizntions that appro"ed projeccs for conscntccion of hydroeleccrac dams and ocher such endea,·ors wuhm lndtgenous territories. for example, chc hydroeltctric dams on the Rt\'er B1o-Bao \\ithm Pehuenche Mapuche lands. Any '"''ilation to change pohcaes made co chest institu- tions is \'Cry for from bemg mec, especially stnce chey respond co che tntere.sts of the gcn·emmencs ond are not independenc bod1es. The dedarauon ends refemng to che democmtizauon or Lattn America. of geopolhacal reorganizouon, and che rccogni1ion or the Indigenous territories. I reiterate that we arc in agreement on this: it continues. however, whh a call for recognition o f Indigenous righcs "'in a rramcwork or n sclr-dctermination compotible wlch, and complememary 10 the 50\'CI'Cigmy or national Slates.. 1am not sure af I should conclude chac in chis passage the dcdar.auon presencs a sec of contradacuons oorely compouble with the prev1ous am'llysas. or whether it is the poliucal onentauon of che Signatory Org.1111%3UOn. \VhaCe\'Cr the case, I \VIIl emphastze che 1mphcauons thts essen· cialaspecc has for posstble solucions and new rclationshtps between Indigenous peoples and states. It is incongruent co propose che compatlbilhy Indigenous sclf-dccermination and the sovereignty of the nationally constituted states. ItS worth reicerating 1ha1 Indigenous people are fighcing for fru dcl<rrninatlon and not self-determanauon. These concepcs ha,·e different meantngs and amphcations tn the legal, poltucal, 1deologacal, hisconcal. and culturol fields. lndagenous peoples h•,-e yet co determine whether we want to develop our· seh-es '"tthm or outstde of the SU\ICtures of che so-called nnuon-states. Funhcrmore. ns I poinced out above. nation-states don 1t extst. \\'hat exists are state-governments. The homogenizing and unilateral n:uure or the St:Ue•gOv· cmments is what maintains the lnck of cuhural understanding ond social incolerance. Complen>cncarhy wilh che Scaces as they are is imposstble. 11 will only be passable when both instiluuons recognize each other reciprocally under the baste pnnc1ple th:u neuher is more valid chan the othtr, and th3t eoch system of orgamzauon 1S the most adequace for ats own culture. ~aYalaN<M � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Free-determination and the States: Commentary on Barbados III Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aucan Huilcaman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Free-determination and the States: Commentary on Barbados III Item Type Journal Article Author Aucan Huilcaman Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 23-24 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note A spokesperson for the Mapuche organization Aukin Wallmapu Ngulam-Council of All the Lands comments of the "Declaration of Barbados III," especially the sections relating to the self-determination of Indigenous peoples and the nationally constituted states. Attachment Title Free_determination_and_the_states.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Autonomy Human Rights Indigenous Rights self-determination United Nations https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/f547c36664a2b81bb6b206fb3fd68a7e.pdf 09f95fdb565f48d7915b6b9556de2d5a PDF Text Text PERSPECTIVES ON BIODIVERSI TY AND I NTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Amazonian Peoples on Biodiversity and ·tPR Resolutions from the Coordinating Body of Indigenous Communities of the Amazon Basin's Regional Meeting September. 1994, Santo Cruz de Io Sierra. Bo/Mo he Coordinating Body of Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon Basin, repre.seming Indigenous c01nmunities in this region, T which is one of the richest in biodivcrsi 4 ty in the world. will not be excluded from m:aking itS voice hc~trd in respect to this subject. In this regard. the Indigenous com· munities are well aware of the impor· t..'lnce of protecting biodiversity, as well as our knowledge related to it. \Ve know that our 3utonomy and assurance of life with dignity ,,,.m deJ>end on the process· es of comro l. consen•ation and develop· mcm of these resources especially over the next few ye.'\rs. when the world will be discussing the issues of biodiversity. \ Vc must be quite dear that we, 1he Indigenous communities. are the ones entitled to claim proprietary rights to tht..se resources. in spite of increasing claims made by multinational corpora· tions of the Non.h. This situation obliges indigenous people and our organizations to take positions and elaborate strategies rclc· vam to current and future generations. With thJs in mind. COlO \. under the auspices of the UN Dc\'clopmem Program. organized a regional meeting in South America. The conclusions and recommendations of that metting are reprinted below. I. Basic Points Of Agreement 1. Emphasis is placed on the significance of the usc of intellectual propeny systems os a new formula for regulating North-South economic relations in i> \trsuit of colonialist interests.. 2. For Indigenous peoples. the imel- Vol 8 No.4 lcclltal propeny s}'Sicm means legitiJnation of the mis.'l.ppropriation of our peo· pies' knowledge and resources for commercial purposes. 3. All aspects of the issue of intelleat"'ll property (detenuin.'ltion of access tO nation· ~I resources. comrol of the knowledge or cultural heritage of peoples. control of the use of their resources :md regulation of the tenns of exploitation) are aspects of self. detem1ination. For Indigenous peoples, :lCCOrdingly. the ultimate decision on this issue is dependent on self--detenninc'ltion. Positions taken under a tniSiecship regime will be of a shon·teml nature. 4. Biodiversity :md a peoples knowledge arc concepts inherent in the ide."- of Indigenous tenitori:ility. Issues relating to :t<.'C\."'$5 10 t'e:SO\IrctS have to be viewed from this Standpoint. 5. Integral Indigenous territoriality. its recognition (or restormion) and its re<.-onsti· tution. arc prerequisites for enabling the cre:uivc and inven~h'c genius of each Indigenous people tO flourish-and for it to be meaningful to speak of proteaing such peoples. The protection, rcconstlu.uion and development of Indigenous knowledge sy.st~ms call for f~,tnher com.milmerll 1 the 0 effort to have these syStems reappraised by the outside world. 6. Biodi,·ersity and the culture and lmel· leaual property of • people are conctpts that mean Indigenous territoriality. Issues relating to access tO resources. and othe- s. r ha"c to be viewed from lhis standpo~nt. 7. For members of Indigenous peoples. knowledge and dctemlin.1tion or the use of resoun::cs are collective and intergtnera· tior No fndigenous J)OP\Iialion. whether 1.1l. of indhiduals or communities. nor the govemmem. can sell or transfer ownership of resources which are the propeny of the people 3J>d which each generation has on obligation 10 safeguard for the next. 8. Prevailing intellectual propeny systems refle<:t a conception and pma.ice that is; o) colonialist, in th." the instruments of the developed coumries are imposed in order to appropriate the resources of Indigenous peoples; b) mcist. in that it belittles and minimizes the value or our knowledge systems; c) UStlllXItory, in that it is essentially a practice of theft. 9. AdjUSting Indigenous systems to the pre,-ailing ime\lectu.'ll propeny systems (as a world-wide concept and practice) changes the Indigenous reguL1tory systems them· selves. 10. Pot<nts •nd Other intclloxtual propeny rights to fonns of life are wucccptable to Indigenous peoples. 11. It is imponant to prevent conflicts that may ~rise between communities from the transformation of intelleaual property into a means of di\'iding Indigenous unity. 12. There arc some fonnuL-.s that could be used to enh.·mce the value of our prod· uas (brand names, appellations o£ origin), but on the undersro.nding that these are only IY tarkcting possibilities. not entailing monopolies of the product or of ooU ectivc knowledge. There are also some proposals for modifying prevailing imellectual property systems. such as the usc of cenificates of origin. to prevent use of our resources \vith· out our prior consent. 13. \ Ve mUSt prevent the use of current systcnts of intellectual propeny from rot>bing us. through monopoly rights. of resources and knowledge in order to enrich these >)'stems and build up power opposed toou.r own. 14. Work rm~ be conduaed Ol'l the 17 �PERSPECTIVES ON BIODIVERSITY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY design of a protoction and recognition sys· tern whic-h is in accordance with the defense: of our own CO!lception. and mechani.srns mu.st be developed in the shon and medium ICI'JT\ tO prevent appropriation of our t-e:so<trttS ond knowledge. 15. A system of protection ond nlC<>gni· tion or our resources and knowledge rnUSt be designed which is in confonn.ty with our i world view and contains fomlulas that, in the shon and medh.\m tenn, ,...,ilJ pre\'ent the appropriation or our resoUrttS by the countries of the Nonh ond Others. 16. There mliSl be appropri.'le mechanisms for maintaining and ensuring the right of Indigenous peoples to deny indiscriminate access to the resources of our communities or peoples. and making it possibte to contest patents or ocher exclusive rights to what is essentially Indigenous... 17. Dise\tSSions regording intellectual propeny should take place without distract· ing us from priorities such as the struggle for the right to tenitories and self-detennilu~ tion. bearing in mind th.·u the Indigenous popuL·uiott :u"'d the land foml ru1 indivisible unity. II. Short-Term Recommendations J. Identify. analyze and systematically evaluate from the standpoint of the Indigenous world view difiere.Ol <:Omt» nems of the fom>al imelleetual propeny sys· tenlS. including mech..misms, instrumems · and forurns. among which we h.1ve: a) Intellectual propeny mochanisms Patents, Trademark. Authors' rights. Rights of de\'Ciopers or new plant vari· eties. Commercial secretS. lndusui:.ll design. ubels of origin. b) lmell«:tual propcny Instruments The Agreement on Trade-Related lmem.1lional Propeny RightS (TRIPS) of the General 1\greemem on Tariffs and Tr:lde (GA'Ii); The Convention. on Biodive~ty, " 'th special emphasiS on the following aspects: cm•ronmemal impact .1s.sessmems. subsidiary scieotiftc body, technological council, monitoring. nation.1..l studies and protocols, as well as on rightS or fam>ers and ex situ control of genn pl-lsm. which are nOt covered 18 w1der the Convention. c) lmell«:tml propeny forums O¢Hne mechanisms for oonsult.1.tion and exchange of infonntuion betv..·een Indigenous organizations and imemational forums such as the: Tn.-aty for Am..uoni..m Cooperation. Andean Pact. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. European Patents Corwenuon. United Nations Commission on SUSI~inable Developmem. Union for the. Protecdon of New Varieties or Plams. V..' rld o Intellectual Propeny Organization (WIPO). lnternatiOMl l-'lbor Organization (ILO). United Nations Commission on Human Rights. 2. E' "luate the possibilities offered by Lhe intemadonotl instruments embodying cuhuml. political. environmental Md other lightS that could be incorporated into a sui genelis le&~l framework for the prot«:tion of lndigcnotiS resou=s and knowledge. 3. DeHne the comem or consultations with such forums. 4. Define the feasibility of using some mechanisms of the prevailing imelleaual property systems. in relation 10 protection of biologicallgenetic resourocs and marketing of nlSO\>rttS. 5. Study the feasibility or alternative systenlS and mechanisms for protecting lndigenous interestS in our own resources and knowledge: sui gcnelis systems for protection of inu::Ueetu."ll propeny; inventors' cenificate. model kgisl-ltion on folklore; new deposit standards for material entering genn pl1.Sm lxmks: commissioner ror imellectu.~ propeny rights; tribunals; bi.lmcral and muhil.:neml contraCtS or oorwentions: m:neria)s transfer agn..""<:nlClliS; biological prospecting: defensive publianiOI'l cenific:ues of origin. 6 . Seek to m.'lke alternative s)'Slems operational " 'thin the shon tem1, by estab· lishing a minimal regulatory framework (for example bilateral comracts). 7. Systemattcally study. or e.\1xmd stud· ies already conducted or. the dynamics or Indigenous peoples. with emphasis on: basis for suscainability (territories. culn.u·e. economy); use or knowledge and r<SOUI"<X$ (col· lecth't ownership systems. community usc of resources): contmunit)'. l'tation.."tl. regional and intem..1tional o~ni.zation:ll bases. These make it possible to create mechanisms wilhin and outside Indigenous peoples cap:W!e of assigning the same value to Indigenous knowledge. ans and crafts as lO western science. 8 . Establish regional and local lnd1ge:rlous ~dvisory bodies on intellectual propcny :Uld biodive~ty " 1th functions involving legal a<h~<e . lllOtlitoring. productjon and disscn\il\.1tion of inJom'l:ation, ~'d production of m.:11erials. 9. 1demify natiorml imcUectual property organiza.tions. especially in areas of biod.i· ""II versit)t lO.ldentify and draw up a timel3ble of forums for discltSSion and exchange or infonnalion on imelleclual propeny ancVor biodiversity. Seek suppon for sending Indigenous dele&~tes to panicipate in such forums. An effon will be nude to obt:tin information wilh a viC\V tO the C\•entual establishment of an lnfomt.1tion, Training and Dissemination Center on Indigenous Propeny at1d Ethical Guides on contraCt ncg<Xiation and model contmclS. Ill. Medium-Term Strategies I. PLm. program. establish timetables and seek finatlCing for the establishment or an Indigenous program for the collective use and protection of biological resourttS and knowledge. This program \\111 be de\-eloped in phases acoording to geographic areas. 2. Plan, draw up timctab!es for and hold seminars and workshops at the com· munity, national and regionol levels on biodive~ty and prevailing imell«:tual propeny systems and altemati\'es. 3. Establish a pctmanem consuhalive mechanism Unkir~s community workers and Indigenous leadel'$. 3S well as :m infor~ matkm net,vork. 4. Train Indigenous leaders in aspectS or imellectual propeny and biodive~ty. 5. Draw 11p ~ Legal Protocol of Indigenous law on the use and community knowledge of biological resourttS. 6. Develop a strntero• for dissemination of this l.eg.1l Protocol at t.he nationol and in lC.m:uional levels. Abya Yala News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amazonian Peoples on Biodiversity and IPR Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Amazonian Peoples on Biodiversity and IPR Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 17-18 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Coordinating Body of Indigenous Communities of the Amazon Basin settled on several basic points of agreement regarding indigenous positions and strategies relevant to biodiversity and intellectual property rights issues at a regional meeting in Bolivia. Attachment Title Amazonian_peoples_on_biodiversity_and_ipr.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Biodiversity Coordinating Body of Indigenous Communities of the Amazon Basin Human Rights Intellectual Property Rights https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/cfb786cadb866a1e3b2a9b2187e47dc1.pdf af83d7af2adce2784107bce0c5479828 PDF Text Text ORGANIZATION - - --=- Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded lndigenous organizations. Panicipants di.scussecl1he struggle for autonomy and self.detcnnination. how to create mech· anisms to assure respect for Indigenous he Coalition in Support of Amazonian Peoples and Their rights. and how to strengthen access to decision·making on Em·lronment opened an ofric:e in government T Washington DC in Nov. 1994 to Indigenous rights. The intent of the con· impro,·e communication and coordina· ference was to develop clear definitions of autonomy and self·detemlination. tion among US-based NGOs working with Amazonian peoples. The Coalition was born from an alliance between Indigenous peoples of the Amazon and groups and individuals concerned with the fu ture of the Amazon and its peo· pies. Coalition Members suppon Indigenous territorial rights and sustain~ nblc development ahemath·es. and share the belief that people are an integral pan or the ecosystem. The Coalition will hold an annu.~l Fomm !or NGOs to meet, receive guidance !rom Indigenous leaders of the Amazon. discuss current issues, and develop politic~l action su·atcgies. Topics at next years !omm (May I O-l2 1995 in Washington. DC) will include: Free trade and De\'elopmem, Intellectual Property Rights. the Timber Industry. At present the Coalition has three working groups: U.S. Policy and Hl.lntan Rights. Defense of Territories. and Financial Resources. It is helping to coordinate a number of cmnpaigns such as the Ecuador oil campaign. In an e!fon to promote communications among interested organizations. the Coalition: distributes a monthly Am~ort Update with news from Co..1lition members. F()r mor~ inj()rm,uion, p/(6$(. ccncac1: CoalitiOIJ Coordinmo,. Melina Sel\'Cl:Ston. 1$1/ I< St. N\V Suit< 10+1, 1\~ irtgton . DC 2()()()$. Te/;(202) 637-97 I8.jax;(202)63i· 9719. emaiJ: am«Z:om:ool@fgc.apc.oJi. Self-determination Seminar in Mexico T he Second Seminar on Sclf-determi· nation in Mexico held on Jan. 20·21 was organized b)1 the Colegio de Mexico under the direction of Rudol!o Stavenhagen and hosted by Oax.1can Vol. a No.4 American Indian Satellite Network Makes History or the first time. Native.owned and F public radio stations across the country have access to regular program· ming for and about Natjvc Americans. thanks to the new t\IROS (American Indian Radio on Satellite) network. Since Oct. 31. tl1is history-making ser· ,;ce has offered a daily one-hour feed or dramas. documentaries. litcrmure, self. help programs and heritage pieces, all related to Native Americans. The AIROS network, initially funded b)• the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, is developing and establishing what will eventually be a 2+ hour distribmion system of radio pro~ grnmming by, for and about Native Americans. The AIROS feed includes a storyudling series, interviews with various Native American personalities. historical specials and a multi-pan series on breaking the C)'cle of child abuse. as well as a ' 'ariety of other specials and series. Nalivt America Calli11g will premiere at the end of February as a daily. hour-long. live call-in talk show focus· AND COMMUNICAT I ON most of whom operate on inadequate funds; says Susan Braine, AI~OS Manager. "We're working closely with the tribal stations to detem1ine program~ ming needs and to address those needs through tl1e radio programs that AIROS is able to acquire. Our goal is to encour· age and facilitate their own production of these programs. This is their network. It will be as successful and relcvnm as they. the stations, collectively make it: Braine said. AIROS also has plans to acquire ponable uplinks in order to broadcast conferences. po'"'vows. and oLhcr cui· tur:d events from reservations. This would allow tribes to share limited resources while learning from each other. For more information on the t\IROS schedule. contaCt your local public or Native.owned rndio station. Stations interested in becoming affiliated with AIROS should contact Susan Braine at 402-472·0484. Internet for Native Peoples Conference ndigenous activists !rom throughout California gathered at U.C. llerkelcy on Nov. l9 to learn new techniques and I discuss the opportunities for network· ing and alliance building on the in!or· tnation highway. Marc Uecker led a workshop using the Mosaic program to explore the Internet. This prompted both ideas and concerns about using the lmernet as a tool for funhering the causes of Indigenous peoples world wide. 01scussion that followed pointed to the ing on currem issues a.nd topics affecting demand for a larger and more in·depth conference in the future. Man)' who Native Americans. attended questtoned the use of this tech· nology !or people living on resen'l!tions and other third-world conditions who radio is the sole telecommunicmiot\S might not ll.we access to telephone lines service. AIROS directors see the net- or even electricity. work as a first-step towM<I an ambitious Ifyou have acc:t:SS lo a computer and modem. goal: building and linking stations on you mighc be inten-..ste(l in the following liscs the 250 Indian reservations in the rdatcd to Indigenous issues: Indigenous United States. greatest challenge is Knowlt:dg(. NaJive Netin obtaining Native comcm programs. Jisturv@('OP'ndl.tdu, Chiclt;, ~·fujcr 1.. ·liSt· particularly from the Native stations, proc@lmrinet.gsc.ucsb.cd!f, Rata Net. t\IROSlinks most of the 25tribal sla· tions located in Native communities in 10 states, many on reservations where ·our 35 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Founded Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 35 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment, made up of US-based NGOs in Washington, D.C. is established. Attachment Title Coalition_in_support_of_indigenous_peoples.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Amazon Coalition in Support of Indigenous Peoples and Their Environment Human Rights Reservations Washington D.C. https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/0091a8f0daabe283c53627b90795704b.pdf 2496f54cd005894d95ece7a4d7612491 PDF Text Text I N B R I E F_ _ ,_,_ Indian Communities Trapped by Ecuador-Peru Border Conflict ighting erupted between the Peruvian and Ecuadorian armies in a disputed Amazon border region ~long the Ccnepa Rh·er valley on jan. 26. What looked at first like an isolated border skirmish has escalated into an intense conOict F At a press conference concluding their visit. the commission announced that the govemment could St<tnd in \'io1ation of the right to life and well·being as a result of oil pollution in the Amazon. t\ final repon on the visit has yet to be released. For more info,.matwn. coruacr: with at leasl 47 dead and 94 wounded combatants. The Sierra Qub l..tgal Dtj01S< Fund. /80 Montgomery St.. Suire HOO. S<ln Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE) demanded a cease fire on Jan. 3 1. stating that. "'more than 300 communities a.re located in the zone of mili· FranclS<o, CA 9410-1, (415) 627·6700. FGX: (-liS) 62i·6i40, email: scldjsj@igc.copc.org. tary connic.t, these Indigenous cornmunilies that have nol Peruvian Indian Communities File Suit Against Texaco n December 29. a class action la,vsuit \I/3S filed in feder- been auended by either the government of Peru or of Ecuador". An unknown number of Indian residents of the region have been displaced from their communities. despite calls by CONAIE for the governments to respect the lives and territo· ry of Indigenous peoples. The war is reportedly costing each side overS 10 million a day. and has heated up with bombings on each side of the border and the downing of several Peruvian planes and a helicopter. Ecuador accepted a CCtlSC· fire mediation offer from former US president Jimmy C:mer and former COSta Rica president Oscar Arias. but Pcno declined to comment on the offer. OAS Commission Investigates Ecuadorian Human Rights Violations or yem'S. Indigenous organizations in the Ecuadorian Fmassive oilh•we suffered hum-an rightsb}'violations asmultina· Amazon a resuh or dC\'Cloptnem carried US-based OUl tiona! corporations and the Ecuadorian government within their territories. The struggle to resolve these problems hit a turning point on Nov. 7 when the Org...'\nit3tion of American Sunes· spe(:ial commission on hun'la.n rights arrh•ed in Ecuador to investigate human rights abuses in that country. Although the commission framed its visit as a general investigation of the human rights situation in Ecuador. the impact of oil development on Indigenous peoples was one of O al coun in New York on behalf of 20.000 Indigenous people !hong on and around the Napo River in the nonheast Peruvian Amazon. The suit charges that mismanaged Texaco activities within Ecuador, along the upper ~ches or the Napo River, caused severe damage to the lnditms' w3y of life in Peru- damage due to the release of huge amoums of toxic chemicals. and to repeated oil spills. This case follows a ground-breaking victory by Ecuadorian Indian organizations in the spring of 1994, when a New York coun held that Texaco could be held liable in US couns for their actions in Ecuador. The Peruvian suit charges Lhat ··texaco deliberately ignored reasonable and S<lfe practices and treated the pristine Amazon roin forest ... :md its people as a toxic waste dump... lt runhcr contends that over 400 flawed well sites were built. despite Texaco's full knowledge that they would ·rcsuh in SC\'Cre spills and environmental damages. The Ecuadorian governmem estimates that Texaco spilled 16.8 million gallotlS of crude oil and oil residues in its Amazonian provinces. with an unknov.m portion winding up downriver in Peru. As recently as J992. the Peruvian Rio Napo ran black with crude that had been released upstream . Irifonnati(}l1 I'YOYid<d by Edwatd f-lmnmcml.. two topics the Commission actually in\'cstigated (the other bemg the treatment of prisoners) . Half of the Commissions delegation traveled to the Oriente region. where they met with representatives from grassroots organizations and leaders or Lhe eoran and Siona·Secora tthnic groups. Commission members were appalled at Lhe impact of Texaco oil develop· ment on the envir onment. The Commission also mt:l with a Huaorani community from the Napo region who reponed on .J>ollution and the encroachment of colonists in their territory. In addition to meeting with state authorities, the Commission consulted environmental. human rights, and Indigenous organizations. including representatives from: CONAl E. CONFENIAE. COICA. ECUARUNARI, FICI, FOIN, and OINt\E. 4 Brazilian Senate Proposes Law Threatening Land Demarcation he Brazilian Stn..1te 3pproved a bill 3imed at eventually reducing existing 1ndian Areas within frontier zones. nnd T complicating the process of rmure demarcations. 10 become law. this bill will have to be approved by the Chamber of Deputies and the President of Lhe Republic. If approved. the btl! will put the already demarcated Yanomami Indian Area. located along the Venezuelan border, at risk of being reduced. The bill threatens not only the Yanomami. but would be a blow to all Indian peoples in Brazil. It is supported by CCO· nomic groups with a \'CSted intcr~t in exploiting the natural resources within the Indian Areas. as wen as cenain sectors or Abya Ya~ News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OAS Commission Investigates Ecuadorian Human Rights Violations Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title OAS Commission Investigates Ecuadorian Human Rights Violations Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 4 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note The Organization of American States (OAS) commences an investigation on human rights violations related to oil development on the part of US-based multinational corporations in Ecuador. Attachment Title OAS_commission_investigates.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Cofan Human Rights Napo Organization of American States Siona-Secoya https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/7d21adf1ab7b77f7d41b3286b2166c45.pdf 7df5bd1f72f7675c1dc71a3a35855847 PDF Text Text • We Are Involved 1n a joint Struggle Interview With Carmen lrnamberna undreds of Indigenous rcp~ntatwes gathered In Gene•"• m june of 1994 10 discuss nnd comment on the Draft Dcclar.uion of Indigenous Rights being prcJ>Jrcd by the UN Working GI'Oup on lndtgcnous Peoples. There, we lme"oewed C.1nnen lrnamberna, Prcsidem of the l'ederauon of Indigenous People ond O>mpesinos of lmb.1bura (fiCI). one of the largtst hoghland Indian organl%3uons m Ecwdor. on the draft dedar.ulon and her expc~nces 3S a \\'Ort13n leader H zauon. our own politics. our own foznls of economic devel· opmr:m . 1'here are differences between lndi~enous People on the best wny to express our rights. Some argue for '"free·dcter· mlnmlon.· others ror '"autonomy... Autonomy implies the expansion, the development lof rights]. under already established norms and structures. W11h free.<feterrninnuon. we are peuuonang the dtre<:t recogmuon of our nghtS-that go..emments recogntze us for who we an: These differences m<rcly tndtcate that the different peoples we rcpn:sem confront dtf· fcrent problems. have different >truggles. and diff~rent expenences. And so for some, the dedarn11on or autonomy ts suffictent. 6ut fo r those who arc t ruly in >truggle fo r free deterrmnl).uon. nutonomy is not suffic:1Cill. V.1 hcre there is n'uch discl'lmlnation, it will not protect us. We lof Ecuador! at'C argumg for free-detenninatlon, not simply autonomy. My position has aiW3)'S been 1h.11 1f we are not recognized in this Arc you >3tisfied wi th what has occurred here 31 the UN or do you think that lhe aspirations of l ndigcnous Peoples arc not being heMd? Well, I cn.mot e"actly s.1y sousfted Out 11 seems to me that the initiatives proposed here "'" Important so that " "'h ume the governmentS increasmgly open up the barriers 10 the recognlllon that we Indigenous peoples have rightS. This sp.1ee here in the UN Working Group IS impoTWlt for manner then we cannOt say tlut thl$ is our law-t.hat o£ tht outlming a program whteh the Indigenous Peoples can then lndtgenous Peoples. Rather. It Is • UN bw decbred tn the use. But I bel•.-·e th:u nothmg will change through this alone. pr~nct of lndtgcnous Peoples. Our only guamntec " the force of our peoples. Regardless of how many laws ore appro..ed. tf our commu- To conclude. could you say something about your posinltie~ don't struggle. there are no gua<Jntees. Clearly the law tion. Y are the only female president o f an Indigenous ou will be • lcgalmstrumem , but Its use depends solely on our federa tion in Ecuador. Whm enabled tha.t and what chalstrength. A s lew of laws protecting our human rights already lenges do yQu face? exist. but when and where have they truly been applied ? This is what everyone asks me. :md I really don't have a \Vhcn hnvc: we been protected under them? Rarel}r. if ever. clear re>ponse. Since <he mceptlon of FICI, for the twenty arc luws on paper complied wnh. More often the ime.rests of years thJt 11 has existed. !here h.~ ne•·er been a woman as thost In power rule. So, regardless of how marvelous our president There h.'tS been female p3ruclpntion and leaderprogram here m the Worlung Group ts, 11 will nt\'er bear >lttp. but thiS has always been •n <he role of S«mary of fruu unless w~ guarantee: it Women-not the pn:siden<:): not. even as head of one of the olher dep.utmcnts. So. lhtS ttme there W:IS a mtr.telc. llow do you feel about the drnft d cclamtion, where d oes FlCI s tond in this regard' How have the: men in the orgtmi:Qtion responded to you. Some J>tOplc believe that, because a universal decla· d<) you reel t hat t hey doub t your capacity? Well. that depends on how you proceed in the work. rntion of human rights already exists. that this adequately covers all of humanity. llut actu.1lly. Indigenous People are not S<)me may have doubts, but In gcnerni, I h:we the total sup· taken adequotcly into account under existing laws. I believe port of my colleagues. If they don't >up port me. I Sl)' th:u lhey that lndtgenous People need to be nddress.:d spocific.tlly. arc not. obeying the desires of the provt!I(Oe. For I was not because we arc different. We h.1•e our own forms of org.1ni- elected b)· JUSI one community but by the provmctal congress. JO ~Yala 1\'aos �WO MAtl To date. I have not had any problems, but rather the support and respect of all the members. \Vhat aboul women'S organiz·ing within the FlCI? Are there groups that work specifically on women's issues? Our form of struggle docs not stop " ;th specific objectives for women. I believe thot this is something imposed by colo· nialism-that women arc to fight for their rights separately. and that men then organize for the men. I don\ agree with this. I believe that we are involved in a joint Struggle where men. women, and children participate. But we can have specific activities as women within this snuggle and there can be specific problems between the genders. after all. machismo still exisls. But what we, as women, are trying to promote is that everyone is respec-ted as an equal. And that everyone understands that women are capable of assuming any responsibility. 'IA'e, as Indigenous people and a$ women ne.ed to have direct relations between our peoples where limita~ions are not imposed. where our spaces are not limited. As women. we need to understand that we are capable of taking any responsibility-that we can move forward. Throughout the world , we heard about d\e Indigenous uprising lruajune that dnew much of lhe country into tur· moil until the Ecuadorian government agreed to negotiate with Indigenous organizations. \Vhat caused the uprising? The central issue was the new agrnrian law. Over the past few years. the National llgrarian Coordinating Body organized by CON/liE held assemblies and workshops in communities to debate agrarian reform. This popular analysis Cltlminated in the "L.1w for Integrated Agriculture", which we presented to the National Congress a year ago. Yet. this proposal was never discussed by congress. In May of this year. the executi\•e branch submitted its own agrarian la\v, FoUo,-.ring our vigor· ous protest, congress rejected this law, but then turned around and approved a virtually identical bill of the dominant conservative party-the Social Democrats. The nationai "Mobilization for Life• erupted from the political and unconsl..ituti6naltnanipulation or this law that direct~ ly affects the live.• of Indigenous people and small fanners in Ecuador. The mobilization began on June 13 and lasted more than eight da)os. It resulted in many deaths. three disappearances. and 540 injured. \Vho was responsible for this violence? Throughout the Mobilization for Life, the government never accepted our proposal for open dialogue. Instead, President Duron's solution was to declare a State of Emergency. In this way, he began to milit~rize target communities. \Vhcn the nlilitary and police were authorized to intervene. the killing began. The deaths and injuries were the product of the govcmment's state of emergency. Vol. 8 No. 4 So. what's the current situation wilh the agrari3n law? Well , the law was approved. But finally, after so n)any deaths, the Tribunal of Constitutional Guarontees declared the law unconstitutional. At the same time. however, the President and the Social Democtats appealed the decision to the Supreme Court. Thus the law was still in force despite the fact that a high-level institution of the s:une state declared it to be unconstitutional. \~'e. of the Agraian Coordinating Body. have appealed to the Supreme Court that it too declare the law unconstitutional. At the same time, a commission was established to re£onn the 1aw. The commission comprised representatives of the: Catholic church . Indigenous organizations, agribusiness and ranching, the national congress. the Social Democrat Party. Ministry of 1\gricuhure, and the President of the Republic himself. Decisions of the commission are simpl)' recommendations. howe\• and mtast still be approved by congress er. where the conservative Social Democrats :trc 1hc majority. ls the government showing good will in relation to Indigenous demands now? 1 there were good will, the government would have acted r before all the violence. We don't believe the re is good will. Rather, the commission 'vas constituted because of the Indigenous movementS demands and the intervention of international organiu.tions. That is why we have dialogue. Still, this is not a dialogue where decisive resolmions can be made. Rather, it is a dialogue similar to that occurring here in the Working Group. Carmen lrnamberna·s organization FICI represems thousands o f Ind igenous people in the Ecuadorian highland s, like these women from Otavato province. 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter 1994) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource We Are Involved in a Joint Struggle: Interview With Carmen Irnamberna Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 1994 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title We Are Involved in a Joint Struggle: Interview With Carmen Irnamberna Item Type Journal Article Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 30-31 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) ISSN 1071-3182 Date Winter 1994 Language English Abstract Note Abya Yala News interviews Carmen Irnamberna, President of the Federation of Indigenous People and Campesinos of Imbabura, on challenges, issues, and possible repercussions of the Draft Declaration of Indigenous Rights being prepared by the UN Working Group on Indigenous Peoples. Attachment Title We_are_involved_in_a_joint_struggle.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] FICI Human Rights UN Working Group on Indigenous Peoples https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/56569bd097f18389a14e25301ee792dc.pdf 0cc921d0a9417efdc33aa066b7760771 PDF Text Text ANNO U NCEM E NTS AND A DS Cultural Survival Canada: Research, Education, and Advocacy in Biocolonial Times A round (he world, Indigenous peoples nrc the care· tnkcrs of sacred knowledge nbom the unity of all livIng things and life processes. from genes. micro· orgamsms and spectcs, to human societies nnd the ecosystems m which wt hve. These gtfts of the Cre01or h:t\'C enabled our peoples tO survive ftve centuries of colonialism and to continue to nurture an cxtmordinary diversity and richness of life. even within our much dlm>mshed land bGsc. Our sacred rclauonship with MO(htr Eanh >S also '""I for humanity as a wholt as the world seeks w3)'S to rebal- mals. and genetic motorial from bo ocllvcrsity roch regions, nnd of the associated knowledge-systems of indigenous peoples. Whether the Convention becomes a mechanism for protecung lndogenous peoples' nghts or a tool for cntrendnng b>ocolontallsm will depend to a large exlent on the negotlattons set tO bcgon in November in Buenos Aires where the Conference of the Parties to the CBD finttlly has Indigenous peoples' nghts on agenda For more anjormm1on, pleast comact; ance humnn need!io wnh respect for the environrncnt. 'fodny, however, the gifts of the Creator art under siege Cultw·al Sunlval Canada, lntmuttional Qlordinathog Ojffu. b)' corporotions and go''tmmcnts attempting to make hfe lndig<noou Proples' Biodi\Wily Ntl\,ork GPBN) 30-f-200 15ab<l/a itself anO(htr form of plivate propeny. This new wave of Strut. Ottawa. ON. Canada. KIS /Vl Phone 6JJ.2J7-S36J: colonmhsm seeks to open one "lnst fronucr· for ccononuc FDX: 613-2J7-IS47: Emaol cse@wcb.apc.arg globahzation: the expropriation of our knowledge and the privatlzn.tion of sacred plants. nnlmnls and our own genes. CulturJI Survivol Canad3 (CSC) ban autonomous charuable org3nization supponmg Indigenous peoples· struggles for self-determmntion and territorial integrity. In the face of this new wnvc of colonialism. we ore engaged in rcscarth, public educ:nion and oclvo.:acy around Issues of biotechnology. intellectual propeny rights. and other aspects of the intcmnuonaltrode tn genes and Indigenous knowledge. CS Canada also sup pons advocacy and capaC>· ty·bUJiding initiatives aimed m strcngthemng Indigenous peoples' ability to Intervene tn tmernauonal fora where polocoes on biocoloniallsm are bcmg shaped Biodive rsity and Human Rights CSC b worklng closely with Indigenous peoples' o~a­ nizatlons around the Founh lntcrn.1uonal Techntcal Conference on Plant Genctk: Resources of the Food ond Agriculture OrgamtntH)Il (FAO) {l.iepzig. Germony. J une 1996). the FAO's Food Security Summit (November J 996, Rome). UNESCO's lmemationnl Bia<thics Committee and, eriticall). the next meeting of the signatories to the Convcnuon on Blologocal Diver,,ty {CBD) (('lo,·cmbcr 1996, Buenos Aires). The CBD is a binding inte~overnmental agreement rot· ified by 138 states, including the majority of states In South and Meso AmeriCil While the Convention dots include some recognition of the rights C)( lndigenou• lleoples over our knowledge and innovations. private and public inter· ests '" the North are clearly poosccl to usc the Convcnuon as. fromework for exp.•nded privmization or plants, ani· 38 lit ~ r. lit BuF~ COM .. .. -~ ..: N ew n-o m t. U.Uurnl " on biological dlvcNJIIy Bu ffalo Commons dclbut:s Write to CS Caned a. t:mall: ~veb . apc.ol'l(. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 1 (Spring 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cultural Survival Canada: Research, Education, and Advocacy in Biocolonial Times Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1996 Language A language of the resource English, Spanish English Zotero Title Cultural Survival Canada: Research, Education, and Advocacy in Biocolonial Times Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 38 Publication Title SAIIC Newsletter ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1996 Language English Abstract Note The gifts or the Creator, which many indigenous groups admire are endanger in today's society. These gifts have enabled indigenous peoples to survive five centuries of colonialism and to continue to nurture an extraordinary diversity and richness of life. But today the gifts of the Creator are under siege by corporations and governments attempting to make life itself another form of private property. Attachment Title abyayala_v10_n1_p38.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Biocolonial Times Canada Human Rights https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/18659f14403d01c92d8c74e96be6d99c.pdf 82b8ccc28cb02a36458a5261e564a57a PDF Text Text --R I GHTS HUMAN Cocaleras Take to La Paz! A 350-mile March to Demand Human Rights in Bolivia bolll five hundred QuechuaAymara women organized a 350-mile march from the Chap.1re (a coca (Erychroxylum coca) producing area) to La Paz. Bolivias cap· ita!. The women marchers entered the capital on january 18, 1996, thirty days after having left from the upper reaches of the Amazon basin. Their main purpose was to demand that the Bolivian governmenl of Presidem Sllnchez de Lozada respect and enforce human rights in their home region, since abus- A es against the women and their families. also known as cocaleros. have increased recently. It was the first time organized 1ndigeoous·peas.·ml women From lhe coca areas marched to La Paz to discuss coca-related policies that affect them and their comm1.1nitics. Coca: Spiritual, yet Demonized Coca, the raw material for the production of cocaine, is a native crop to the area. It was first made illegal by the Vienna Convention of 1961. However, due to strong Indigenous resistance (coca holds ancient spiritual and cultur· al value for the Indigenous peoples who cultivate it), Bolivian officials agreed on a depenalized status. Ritual consumption and cultivation or coca has been allowed since that time by the Vienna Convention of 1988. However, due to the uncontrollable status of cocaine exports and consumption abroad. gov- ernments have demonized coca leaves. condemning the product and pressing for eradication. Surprisingly. here in the US, the well known writer 'A~IIiam F. Buckley Jr. recently reactivated the debate over legalization or dntgs in the jou.rrt.•l National Review. The fact is that consumption or dntgs in general, and not only or cocaine. has been steadily rising in the US and Europe. A possible answer, Buckley stresses. lies in legalization. (William F. Buckley Jr.• "The War Vol. 10 No.1 on Drugs is Lost" National Review, Vol XLVIU No.2, February 12. 1996: 34-48). War on Drugs or People? In the same way that the War on Drugs is perceived by policy makers as a failure, above all in the US, Indigenous peasants are not convinced by the long line of ~hemtuives to coca cultivation. Chapare Indigenous peas.•nts indirectly answer to foreign demand-the "consumption side," in rhe US and Europe. whic-h is almost never discussed. From the point or view of states, coca harvests must be condemned as the main regarding the implementation or alternative development projects in the area. The Women'S Cocalera March received massive suppon from: the pub· lie. A)o11ara leader Cristina M:\rquez. who represented the COS (Bolivian Workers Union) during the march. said the "women are clearly struggling against the neoliberal model" led by President Sanchez. Ximena lturralde and Lidia Katari, first L"ld)' and vice President CArdenas' wife. respo::ctively, agreed tO analyze the demands of the cocaleras in order to better understand their situation. providers of raw material for cocaine UMOPAR: Spreading Terror in the Coca Regions US embassy in La Paz has cominuall)' processed outside their domains. The pressured the Bolivian govemment for complete eradication or coca fields. However, there has been a general fail· ure to demonstrate the economic viabil· ity or altemative development projectS, or alternative agriculture. Ox:altros are trapped in a never-ending profit cycle A sharp condemnation or UMOPAR, a specialized anti-dn•g anned "nit. was voiced by Quechua leader Silvia 1.azarte. "For us [cocalerasl there is no life,justice. peace nor tranquillity in the coca fields... we continue to suffer sys· based on coca harvests that continue to about this. • she stated. This coincides with a recent Human Rights Wacch Americas report which analyzes the human impacts of the War on Dmgs: "The resources possessed by Bolivian tematic abuses. v~l e want you to think guarantee their income. and thus their survival. As part or the march. the cocaleras clearly addressed the fact that crimina.lization or coca has spelled disaster for antinarcotics forces are too few: too few the Indigenous peasants of Chapar:e. men too poorly equipped are being The state militarized the area. which asked. on the one hand, to battle wellthey denounced as a violation of their entrenched drug traffickers funded by human rights. In addition. the women immense profits. On the other hand, ma.rchers demanded the cessation or they are being asked to control the eradication of coca fields. compensation thousa.n ds or poor po::ople who labor at for Indigenous po::asants who were killed the lowest end of the drug production or have been physically disabled due to pyramid ... This law enforcement effon. police bnuality in the area, government moreover. is conducted in the absence support for initiatives seeking viable of institutions and traditions that hold altematlvc development, lcg.1.l protec- public agents accountable for their own tion for union leaders who represent adherence to laws protecting civilians Indigenous peasants in the coca areas, from abuse." (July 1995. Vol. 7. No.8. page 38). ~ the decriminalization and commercial· ization of coca leaf nationally and internationally~ and government account· ability for agreements signed in 1994 (Compiled with information from the &>livian National Newspaper; Presencia) 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 1 (Spring 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cocaleras Take to La Paz! Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 1996 Spring 1996 Language A language of the resource English, Spanish English Zotero Title Cocaleras Take to La Paz! Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 10 Issue 1 1 Pages 31 Publication Title Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC) Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Spring 1996 Language English, Spanish English Abstract Note Five hundred Quechua Aymara women march 350 miles to La Paz, Bolivia to demand that Bolivian president, President Sllnchez, enforce human rights in their home region. Attachment Title abyayala_v10_n1_p31.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Bolivia Human Rights Quechua Aymara women Sanchez de Lozada Gonzalo https://www.abyayalanews.org/files/original/490a7abaaf588f9e5a20f2b8f13c31ac.pdf 30278d33a93a18ffde4e19cb78f18cd8 PDF Text Text Hu M " " R I G--'H T S_ _ _ _ _ __ ' -'-''-:! Colombia: Indigenous Peoples Mobilize to End Violence, Land Invasions ' resonating protest by offices and demanded action in the face Indigenous peoples in of peasant invasions of their land and Colombia lasting thiny seven the vinual cess.,uon or land reform laws days ended last August 5, 1996 after lnhi:lted m 1991. negotiations with the go\'emment Since Apnl of this ytar, 10 )'1Clded offici:!! promises for human lnd1genous leaders from various lndi:ln nghts and greater control O\'er their nations have be<n assassinated, bringown tcmtones. Indigenous peoples and ing the total to 200 smce 1990. · Across their leaders from over 60 different the regions of C¢rdova, Antioquia. Indigenous nations agreed to lea,·e the Choc6, they are killing Indigenous peomain branch of the Colombian ple, for political, or e'·en territorial reaEpiscopal Conference in Bogot~ which sons." affirms Abadio Green, Kuna they had been occupying since july 5. Indian and president of ON IC 1996. Another group of Wayuu Indians (National Indigenous Organiuuion of had taken over the Office of Indigenous Colombia) in an interview with SAJJC. Affairs of the Interior Ministry on june "Indigenous peoples arc not willing to 24, 1996. let go of their land, so they r.ght and This latest round of nation-wide thats why they are killed." Indigenous mobilization in Colombia Duling 37 days of demands and was tO protest government inaction and extensive negotl:ltlons. the go\'emment ind1fferene< to 1he wavt of killings of of President Emesto Samper agreed to lnd1genous peoples on the pan of drug- the establiShment of • special human sponsored paramilitary mafiaS. They rights comml.S$10n, :tnd. two weeks also took O\'er vanous go,·emment later, to the formation of a permanent A ·mesa de concenacl6n," or a permanent council of major Indigenous representatives and members of the national government that could stop harmful development pfOJCCIS on lndig<nous lands. "'No works. anvesaments, envi· ronmenta1 he<nse, or de\·tlopment project can be executed wlthm lnd1gtnous lerritories without lhe consenl or Indigenous peoples." says Green, who actively negotiated the agrc<ment. If this measure Is Implemented, it 'viii effectively cunail the careless destruction of Indigenous territories in Colombia. Since the beginning of Colombias coca-growing and coca paste industry in the 1970s, wealthy dn1glords have come to comprise a new land-owning elite. with 12% of the best lond in thtir hands. Res1stmg thiS trend •~ th< peasant orgamzauons and guerrilla groups, in place smce th< 1950s. To get nd of wha1 u cons1ders · commumsts; 1he Atr(a Yolo News �HuMA military has sided with the narco landowners and trained joint paramili· tary units. These have not only attacked guerrilla forces, but civilian organiza· tions and leaders as well, many of them Indigenous. The result has been a bloody struggle in the countryside that has displaced campesinos and Indigenous people-perhaps as many as 800,000-and killed thousands. Many campesinos have invaded long-since established Indigenous territories, known as resguardos. in search of land. Many others have simply swelled the slums surrounding Bogot~ and other major cities. There is another aspect 10 the violence against Indigenous leaders, how- ever. Since 1991. when a new constitution gave the roughly 750,000 Indigenous peoples in Colombia broad political, judicial. and financial powers to control their territories (resguardos), many Indians have been elected 10 political posts at various levels, and this has not gone over well with the tradi· tiona! power structure. "Throughout Colombia." says Green, "we have achieved, politically speaking. a cenain equality-we can be mayors, deputies, councilmen. In many pans the Indians have had an importam political impact. The big politicians that have always controlled everything have idemified this as a threat. For this, 100, they are killing Indigenous people." With their wealth, the narco-spon· sored paramilitary groups have international institutes includ· ing the ILO. The question of land. still the most poignant aspect of the Indigenous strug· gle. took the front stage during the protests. Aside from the penna- nent council --- 10 regulate land concessions affecting Indigenous areas, Indigenous peoples calls for the creation of a National sought to reaclivate the provisions of would be responsible for researching Indigenous land tenure necessities and determining and administrating the required funds. II will be composed of which there is no protection for Indigenous leaders who have received death threats. "You fight under these circumstances and when becomes have retained their old dimensions obvious that you're in danger, about all you can do is leave the region and go while their Indigenous population has increased. Few additional Indigenous territories have been officially titled. In addition, the process of saneamiento, or the purchase of land by the state from small landholders located within it somewhere else," explains Green. ONIC was the target of paramilitary violence in 1994 when gunmen killed four Zenu leaders, among them Porfirio Ayala, assistant secretary general of ONIC. The others were Hector Malo. who was running for the senate; Luis Arturo Lucas, a former ONIC representative; and Cesar Meza. Vol. 10No. 2 RIGHTS As pan of the demands in this latest round of protests, the spe· cial Human Rights Commission would be com· posed of the miniSier of the interior, of defense and justice, the presidential council for human rights, Indigenous sena· tors, and would be monitored by the 1991 constitution, which declared Colombia a multi-ethnic nation and gramed them two seats in Congress. Legislation soon followed that gave them unprecedented judicial. political, and financial control over the resguar· dos, which are lands under old Spanish colonial titles now officially recognized by the state as Indigenous territories. Since then, however, the resguardos amassed an impressive arsenal, against N Commission or Territories. which various ministers and the Colombian land reform institute, INCORi\ . .., T11e Indigenous Regional Council of Couca (CRJQ, one of the oldest Indigenous organi· zations in Colombia as wt:H as Latin America, wilt bt sending se"eral Indigenous representatives to Europe and the US to mobilize the intemational c:ommwlity and expose the plight of Indigenous p<oples in Colombia. They plan 10 par!icipatc in the National Confer<nce of the Colombian Humm1 Righrs Networh In New York city from October 25-27. Indigenous territories in order to remove them, has not been adequately carried out. To remedy this situation, one of the decrees signed by President Samper For more iriformarion, c:oncacr the Columbia Multimedia Project, P.O. Box 1091 CPO, New Yo•·h, New Yoli• 10116-109; Phone: (1 18) 369-4182; email: mm«>m!"@igc.apc.o.g 33 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vol. 10, no. 2 (Summer 1996) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colombia: Indigenous Peoples Mobilize to End Violence, Land Invasions Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 1996 Language A language of the resource English English Zotero Title Colombia: Indigenous Peoples Mobilize to End Violence, Land Invasions Item Type Journal Article Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 32-33 Publication Title Abya Yala News ISSN 1071-3182 Date Summer 1996 Language English Abstract Note This article details the Indigenous peoples and their protest in Colombia for human rights and and control over their own territories. Attachment Title Colombia.pdf Attachment URL [No URL] Colombia Human Rights Indigenous